EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL BIOLOGY
Year:2017 | Volume:6 | Issue:1 (21) |Papers Count:12

The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of oral administration of nanoparticles-selenium and selenit sodium on peripheral blood factors in sheep. For the purpose fifteen sheep, were randomly divided to three groups and to groups 1 nanoparticles-selenium (1mg/kg), prepared by selenium dioxide reduction using ascorbic acid, to groups 2 selenit sodium (1mg/kg) and to group 3 as control group distilled water were orally given for 10 consecutive days. Then, the blood sample were collected from the jugular vein of all sheep into the tubes containing heparin on days 0, 10, 20 and 30 and on them were determined the hematological factors including hematocrit, erythrocytes, hemoglobin, white blood cell, platelet and total protein concentration was determined by autoanalyzer. For differential cell counting, after the preparation of candle flame smear, were fixed by methanol and were stained with giemsa for 20 minutes. Then the cells number of neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, monocytes and lymphocytes differential count were by lens 100 of optical microscopy and cedar oil. Statistical analysis in the hematocrit, erythrocytes, hemoglobin, platelets, fibrinogen and total protein showed no significant difference among the three groups on different days. But the survey of the white blood cells count showed a significant increase in group1 on day30 with day 0 and means comparison in group-1 with control group on day 30. Also, the neutrophils count determined a significant increase ingroup 1 on day 30 with day 10 and means comparison in group-1 with two and control groups on day10. The survey of the lymphocytes count showed a significant decrease inmeans comparison in group-1 with two and control groups on day10. The study revealed nanoparticles-selenium compared with sodium selenite increase, the number of white blood cells and neutrophils with greater intensity.

Heat shock proteins belong to a big family of proteins which are heat-tension dependent and are inductable by heat-stress. They can save the living organisms against suddenly fluctuation of environmental conditions and cause the stability of other protein.Pontogammarus maeoticus is one of the most abundant amphipods at the south of Caspian Sea coast. In this study the presence of heat shock proteins in Pontogammarus (male and female species) by treating at laboratory conditions and levels of temperature (20, 25 and 30oC) was investigated. Samplings were carried out at coast of Hassan Rood (guilan province). The levels of proteins were determined by Bradford and ELISA methods. Statical analyses of data were carried out by one-way ANOVA and Duncan test. The results showed that by temperature increasing, the levels of Heat- shock proteins and absorbtion of ELISA were increased and the highest absorbance was observed in treating at 30oC after four hours. Increasing the treating temperature between 5 until 10oC more than the optimal value causes the more synthesis of heat shock protein 70 with molecular weights of 66.5 and 90 KD both in male and female species of Pontogammarus. In other words the results of this study express that by increasing the temperature the level of heat shock protein 70 will be increasing.

The goal of this study was to find out whether the change in saliva secretion is the primary effects of these agents or there are subsequences of taking food, lick, swallowing and digestion in the mouth. In this study, 70 rats were stereotaxically implanted under urethane anesthesia. The rats were divided into 7 groups: one control group, two sham groups given medicine solvents, two sulpiride groups (4mg and 8 mg), one bromocriptine group (25 mg) and a mixed group: sulpiride 8 mg along with bromocriptine 25 mg. In this study, saliva secretion was gathered from submandibular glands by cannulas and measures then volume of secretion by using SPSS program the groups were compared (Test Anova). The saliva secretion was not significantly different between all groups except sulpiride 8 mg group and a mixed group which showed significant differences in the saliva secretion. This study showed that sulpiride (8 mg) could increase saliva secretion, while sulpiride (4 mg) couldn’t increase saliva secretion. Bromocriptine (25 mg) could not affect saliva secretion. However, bromocriptine (25 mg) along with sulpiride 8 mg significantly increased saliva secretion. So the dopaminergic system of the VMN has a considerable effect on the secretion the exocrine glands in the digestive system.

The carob moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae is one of the main pests that attack storing crops. This polyphagous species attacks several other stored host crops such as pomegranate, almond and pistachio. In this study, the fumigant efficacy of Eucalyptus globulus and Artemisia cin a essential oils is tested on the Carob Moth E. ceratoniae. After collecting infested pomegranate and rearing insects in laboratory conditions of 27 ±2 C°, 16: 8 (l: D) and 60 ±5% relative humidity, the efficacy of oils was evaluated on the insects. Results show that the toxicity of essential oils on the eggs (LC 50, LT 50 values) was not significantly different. The fumigant toxicity of E. globulus (LC50=5.92 ml/l air) was greater than A. cina (LC50=12.95 ml/l air). And lethal time values (LT50) were (10.47 h) and (60.27 h), respectively. According to this study it is possible to propose essential oil as alternative pesticides in pest controlling programs.

Isolation and identification of isolates with PGPR characteristic can be used to improve plant growth in saline areas. In order to quantitative measure of PGPR characteristic in native halophilic, alkalophilic and haloalkalophilic bacterial isolates of Khorasan Razavi soils, isolates were isolated and purified from six different areas to measure the concentration of ammonia production via corrected Nesslerization method and 3-indoleacetic acid as Salkowski method. The alkalophiles isolates showed maximum ammonia production (0.055%) among the three groups of bacteria which this amount was 9.5 times of its average in haloalkalophiles isolates (0.0058%) and 13 times of ammonia production average in halophiles (0.004%). Most of halophiles, alkalophiles and haloalkalophiles isolates were IAA producer with 0.0003, 0.0001 and 0.0021 percent respectively that the IAA amount in haloalkalophilic group was about 6 and 14.5 times of it in halophilic and alkalophilic isolates respectively. Equations to predict the concentration of ammonia and 3-indole acetic acid production was only significant in the haloalkalophilic isolates for ammonia production (P=0.046) and halophilic isolates for IAA production (P=0.015) under effect of electrical conductivity and pH in 0.05 probability level. Results represented that the multiple regression analysis for prediction of ammonia and IAA concentrations producing by isolates had not any significant performance in high and low concentrations under effect of electrical conductivity and pH. Uses of Nesslerization and Salkowski methods after some modifications show promises and are recommendable in research due to their ease of implementation and relatively accurate results.

The aims of the present study was to obtain baseline data on hematological parameters ofCapoeta capoeta gracilis and investigate the effects of parasite infection with Posthodiplostomum cuticola in Zaringol Stream. A total number of 132 fish specimens including 92 females and 40 males (length and weight ranged between 5.7-16.4 cm and 2.69-35.84 g respectively) were collected by electrofishing (150V, 10A) from 9 stations in summer 2010. The water quality parameters were measured at the same time. Blood were taken from caudal vein. After biometry, age and gender was determined by scales and clinical observation of gonads respectively. Also the black spots were counted from the fin, skin, and opercula. There was no gender effect on hematological parameters (P>0.05). Hematocrit (%) and hemoglobin (g/dL) increased in older fishes (P<0.05) and the maximum number of Monocyte (%), Neutrophils (%), Basophiles (%), MCV (fl), and MCH (Pg) were in 2+ and 3+ respectively (P<0.05). Red blood cells (106/mm3), Neutrophils (%) and MCV (fl) were higher in Capoeta sp infected with P. cuticola while the Lymphocytes were lower significantly (P<0.05). The total number of white blood cells (103/mm3), Neutrophils (%), and Basophiles (%), increased by increasing intensity intensity index (P<0.05). The results revealed that fish responded to the infection through stimulate erythropoietic cells and immune system.

Chronic cyanide intoxication hasbeen shown to induce damage in various tissues. In the present study the effects of chronic exposure to potassium cyanide (KCN) on some oxidative stress-related parameters as well as Modulatory effects of garlic powder were studied.18 male wistar rats were assigned into three groups, 6 in each group. Group 1 served as control group. Group 2 received cyanide (KCN, 500 mg/L) in drinking water for 42 days. Rats in Group 3 received water containing KCN (500 mg/L in drinking) and also were fed a diet containing 5% garlic powder for 42 days. Cyanide caused increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) concentartins in all studies tissues, although the increase was only significant (P<0.05) in kidney, heart and brain. Significant increase of protein carbonyls was also observed in liver and kidney following cyanide poisoning. Garlic supplementation in group 3 effectively decreased the augmented levels of MDA in kidney and brain to the levels that were not significantly different from control group. Moreover, values of protein carbonyl groups was also decreased notably in liver and kidney of group 3 to the levels that were not significantly different from control group. Results of the present study show that garlic has modulatory effect on cyanide-induced oxidative stress damage in rat and could have therapeutic and prophylactic effects on cyanide poisoning.

The present study was performed to investigate the effects of various levels of dietarylactobacillus acidophilus as feed supplement on the growth performance, survival rate, hematological parameters and intestinal microbiota of guppy (Poecilia reticulata). For this purpose one-thousand and eight hundred guppy larvae with 7 mg mean weight in a completely randomized design with 4 treatments and 3 replicates of L. acidophilus in the diet, including no bacteria (control), 1.5×107, 3×107, 6×107 CFU g-1 (T2, T3, T4 respectively) were considered and fed for 16 weeks. The results showed that significant differences (P<0.05) in weight gain, FCR and SGR were found between T4 and control group. The highest amount of white blood cell count (9.70±0.1) was observed in 4 group and had significant different (P>0.05) with control (5.96±0.2). The highest amount of intestinal of Lactobacillus was observed in 4 group compared to other groups and control (P<0.05). The present study results suggested that L. acidophilus (6×107 CFU g-1) have significant effect on growth and white blood cell count of guppy.

The leishmaniases are among the most important emerging and resurging vector-borne protozoal diseases, second only to malaria in terms of the number of affected people. Like malaria, the leishmaniases can be caused by infection with any of several species of parasites belonging to the genus Leishmania and transmitted by sand flies.The purpose of thisinvestigation was to determinethe atmospheric-oceanic Southern Oscillationpattern, asa factorinclimatic conditionsof the country, theincidence ofleishmaniasis, in the city ofQasr-e Shirin.Inthisregard, the Southern Oscillationpatterndata was recieved for theperiod1369 to1391fromthe University ofEast Angelia.The data of annual CL incidence in Qasr-e Shirin were collected from the national and international reports of CL incidence in Iran. To evaluate the effect of hot and cold phases of the macro-scale weather pattern, the outbreak data based was separatednbased on the monthly phases and the significance of difference between warm and cold ENSO phases of outbreak data were studied by independent with doublesided t_studen test. The results showed that the annual incidence of leishmaniasis in the city of Qasr-e Shirin data, is significant only inApril and March months. The running of Independent twosided t test on two series of cases based on the separation of cold and warm phases of ENSO Was showed that in April and March in the years since phases with ENSO (La Nina) are The average of outbreaks are the average is higher than the years in April and March are warm phase of ENSO (El Nino) is dominant in Qasr-e Shirin city.

The catch per unit of effort, catch per unit of swept area and distribution of Banana shrimp (Penaeus merguiensis, de Man 1888) were investigated in fishing season of Banana shrimp in waters of Hormozgan province (October and November, 2013) using a bottom trawl with 24 mm mesh size. Total catch and mean CPUE of P. merguiensis was calculated as 4102 kg and 11.98±0.82 kg/h, respectively. Maximum CPUE and mean CPUE obtained in less than 10 m depth layer with 1797 kg and 15.9±1.83 kg/h, respectively. Minimum CPUE and mean CPUE obtained in 20-40 m depth layer with 684 kg and 8.41±0.9 kg/h, respectively. Total CPUA in less than 10, 10-20 and 20-40 m was obtained 14261, 12856 and 5143 kg/nm2. Maximum CPUA was obtained in less than 10 m depth layer with 1190 kg/nm2. Maximum and minimum mean CPUA was calculated in less than 10 m depth layer with 126.21±14.53 kg/nm2 and 20-40 m depth layer with 66.79±7.21 kg/nm2, respectively. Results showed that the highest distribution of P. merguiensis in shrimp fishing ground of Hormozgan province is in less than 10 m depth layer.

Sea urchin as a bioerosion, is an effective factors on coral reef ecosystems which the observable biometry of urchin and its relationship with the jaw is important. Therefore, within this survey, sea urchinEchinometra mathaei were examined for summertime (July–September, 2014) between the intertidal areas of Dayyer Port (51˚53’49.39ʼ’E, 27˚50ʼ3.57’’N), Iran. A total of 91 individuals lively transferred to a lab. Total wet weight was weighted by a digital scale and the test height and diameters and the jaw length was measured by caliper (0.01 precision). The relationships between heights and diameters with weights were calculated according to indices and the relationships between the jaw lengths and test height and diameter were achieved. The results illustrated that the relationship between test height to its diameter (HDR index) is independent of test diameter (the slop near to zero) and therefore, there is a direct relationship between test height and diameter (a=0.47). Although the highest values of test height and spin length refer to males, but females achieved bigger values of test diameter, height and thickness (mean test height, diameter and thickness of females were 24.13±3.52 mm, 44.93±5.71 mm, 0.83±0.16 mm; and males: 21.22±6.82 mm, 37.67±12.27 mm, and 0.73±0.20 mm, respectively). The test diameter and weight of immature samples were less than 20 mm and 6.66 gr, respectively where can be as a primary criterion of Echinometra mathaei sexual maturity. Two indices HWR and DWR of both females and males had obvious differences with total samples, which also can be related to immature samples. Moreover, the jaw length was half of height (a=0.49, r=0.87) and a quarter of diameter (a=0.25, r=0.89). Results also illustrated well that larger samples had longer jaws that it could help identifying higher erosive samples.

Birds are the only organisms that, because of flight ability, have a wide range of distribution. Changes in their composition, diversity and density can indicate changes in the environment. This study was done for the first time with the aims of identification of bird species and their diversity, and calculation of different ecological indices in a period of five years (2011-16) in 22 sampling sites in Golestan Province, located in Caspian Sea, Iran. From 123 identified bird species belonging to 27 bird families, 6 species have been listed in the International Union for Conservation of Nature. The highest number of birds belongs to the order of Anatidea, but in terms of individual bird species, the Common Coot, Mallard and Greater Flamingo had the greatest numbers. Ecological indices showed that the highest diversity and evenness of species occurred in 2012; during the last year of the study, not only did the number of species decrease, but also, all of the diversity indices declined, while the dominant index significantly increased. The results of this study are a warning for enthusiasts and lovers of environment conservation as well as experts and managers of this field of study, and the need for conservation of these areas is emphasized.