Sadra Medical Sciences Journal
Year:2017 | Volume:5 | Issue:4 |Papers Count:6

Background: Not paying enough attention to psychological issues is one of the factors that can lead to recovering addicts lapsing back to drug use. Paying attention to component of hope can be a motivating factor in maintaining and sustaining the new conditions for those who quit drugs. Therefore, this study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of life skills training on the level of hope of the addicts referring to the Zahedan Psychiatric Center to quit their drug use. Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 90 drug addicts who were referred to the psychiatric center of Zahedan were selected. Forty-five of these addicts were placed in the intervention group and 45 of them were placed in the control group. Data were collected twice (pretest, post-test design) by demographic questionnaire and Miller’ s Hope Questionnaire. The intervention group received some life skills training for 4 sessions per week in the group form, while the control group received no intervention. After 8 weeks from the end of the intervention, the questionnaires were completed again by samples. Using SPSS software version 20, this study applied independent t-test, paired t-test and covariance analysis, to address the objective of the study. Results: The mean score of hope before training in intervention and control group was 180. 22 ± 22. 68 and 170. 08 ± 24. 82, respectively, while it increased to 199. 77 ± 30. 53 in the intervention group and decreased to 166. 20 ± 21. 93 in the control group. Consequently, life skills training brought about significant increase in terms of hope in the intervention group (P <0. 05). Conclusion: Findings showed that life skills training can increase the level of hope in addicts quitting drug in addiction recovery. Considering the fact that promotion of hope can lead to favorable behavior changes regarding drug abstinence, it is recommended that life skills training programs be offered for these people in drug rehabilitation centers.

Background: Cancer and its long-term and painful treatments could have profound psychological impacts on children. On the other hand, the need for frequent hospitalization is accompanied by problems such as the fear of the hospital environment. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of bibliotherapy on the fear of hospital environments in children with cancer. Method: In this semi-experimental study, 20 children with cancer (5-7 years old) were selected by simple random sampling method in 2016 from Amir Hospital in Shiraz. These cancer patients were assigned to two groups of experimental and control based on random blocks. The research tool was the Hospital Fears Rating Scale. The storytelling was performed for the experimental group in 15 sessions for 30 minutes during two months. Before and after two months of the intervention, the parents in both groups completed the questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 using descriptive, independent and paired t-tests. Results: Findings showed that the mean score of fear of children with cancer of hospital environment was significantly different in the experimental group before (26. 8 ± 5. 9) and after the intervention (23. 7± 5. 65, P<0. 001). Also, the posttest mean scores of the experimental and control groups (27. 5 ± 5. 58, P=0. 001) were significantly different. Conclusion: Bibliotherapy has a positive effect on reducing the fear of hospital environment in children with cancer. Therefore, it is recommended that bibliotherapy be used in the medical environment with children with cancer.

Background: Professional competency is associated with performance and increases patients’ general health. On the other hand, decrease in the level of competency in nursing is one of the major concerns. Thus, clinical competence has to be examined in nursing students. This study aimed to assess nursing students’ clinical competency and its related factors after experiencing the preceptorship program. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 114 nursing students who had experienced preceptorship program. The data were collected using the Competency Inventory of Nursing Students. Then, the data were entered into the SPSS statistical software, version 20 and were analyzed using t-test and ANOVA. Results: The nursing students’ mean score of competency was 240. 48± 39. 56 after experiencing the preceptorship program. In addition, the mean score of each item was 5. 46± 0. 89. Moreover, the nursing students’ clinical competency was associated with age, location of apprenticeship/internship with preceptor, number of absences during the course, willingness to continue one’ s education, and interest in nursing (P<0. 05). Conclusion: This study showed that the nursing students’ clinical competency was high after experiencing the preceptorship program. Therefore, this program is recommended to enhance nursing students’ competency.

Background: The structure of an organization is designed to implement and to enforce the organization's strategy; hence, paying specific attention to the relationship of these two is essential for an organization’ s survival. Therefore, this paper aimed at studying the relationship between the organizational structure and organizational strategy in the teaching hospitals of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in 2016. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in 10 teaching hospitals in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The statistical population consisted of internal, administrative, financial, accounting and nursing managers among them 40 individuals (4 from each hospital) were selected by census to participate in this study. The data-collection instruments were a 22-item Robins' organizational structure questionnaire and Miles and Snow strategic framework to measure organizational strategy. The data were analyzed using SPSS software and the statistical test employed was Pierson Correlation. The level of significance was determined at 0. 05. Results: Among all the dimensions of organizational structure, all three dimensions including ‘ formalization’ (23. 40± 3. 25), ‘ complexity’ (20. 82± 3. 15) and ‘ centralization’ (30. 32± 5. 26) on hospitals studied were at a high level. Furthermore, the dominant strategy for all hospitals was analytic. The results also showed a significant relationship between the dominant strategy and dimensions of ‘ formalization’ (P= 0. 03) and ‘ complexity’ (P= 0. 026). Furthermore, with the P-value of 0. 23, the result indicated that there was no statistically significant relationship between organizational strategy and organizational structure in hospitals. Conclusion: There was no significant relationship between organizational strategy and organizational structure. According to this result, if hospitals tend to follow analytical strategies, they should reduce their ‘ complexity’ and ‘ centralization’ , and there should be strict control over their current activities and limited control over new ones.

Introduction: Pathology of organizations is one of the most key actions that make the university officials aware of the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and challenges of an organization and allows these officials to take the right actions accordingly. Therefore, this study examined the pathology of human resources in staff departments of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Two hundred employees participated in this study. Random sampling was used and the data were collected by an organizational pathology questionnaire based on the three branch model. Data analyzed by SPSS software. Results: The results showed that behavioral factors (mean = 2. 73) and contextual factors (mean= 3. 34) had the highest and the lowest impacts on human resources malfunction in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. Among subsets of structural factors, the payment system (average rank of 2. 5, mean=2. 21± 0. 72 and p-value ≤ 0. 001), behavioral factors, and job security (mean rank = 2. 03, mean=2. 28± 0. 93 and p-value ≤ 0. 001) and among subsets of contextual factors, customer-orientation (mean rank= 1. 31, mean=3. 07± 0. 70 and p-value 0. 19) had the most impact on organizational pathology in this university. Conclusion: Considering that the behavioral factors had the greatest impact to the damages, it seems that the university has to adopt programs and policies in terms of creating appropriate organizational culture, increasing motivation and job satisfaction, adopting effective leadership, providing opportunities for training and development of employees and improving job security for the staff. Indeed, it is worth mentioning that solving some of these issues is beyond the powers of the executive organs, so solving these types of problems at macro-organizational level in the country is of vital importance.

Background: Collaboration is a basic strategy in relationships, which minimizes medical errors on patients. Therefore, it is measured in terms of engaging both physicians and nurses in decision-making, influencing patients, and minimizing the disease burden. This study aimed to analyze the perception of inter-professional relationship from the viewpoint of nurses working in Intensive Care Units (ICUs). Method: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted on 109 nurses working in ICUs at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences selected through convenience sampling. The data were collected using Stichler’ s Collaborative Behavior Scale. Then, the data were entered into the SPSS statistical software (v. 22) and were analyzed using Tukey’ s test, independent t-test, Pearson’ s correlation, and one-way ANOVA. Results: The nurses had dominantly a moderate viewpoint toward physician-nurse inter-professional behaviors (mean: 46. 07± 1. 22). Besides, few nurses evaluated such behaviors as desirable or undesirable. Moreover, a significant relationship was observed between the nurses’ inter-professional behaviors and their workplace (F=7. 34, P<0. 0001). Conclusion: The results revealed moderate intra-professional behaviors from the nurses’ viewpoints. Therefore, it is essential to design a comprehensive plan to promote inter-professional behaviors. In this context, holding workshops and training courses for nursing and medical professors as well as students is recommended to identify professional values.