IRANIAN JOURNAL OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM (IJEM)
Year:2017 | Volume:19 | Issue:3|Papers Count:8

Introduction: Thyroid cancer is the most common malignancy of endocrine systems. Nowadays, Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy (FNAB) is the gold standard in the diagnosis of thyroid cancers.Despite the high accuracy of this method, roughly 20-30 % of patients have indeterminate cytological results and surgery (histo pathological examination) is required for final confirmation of malignancy, a limitation, for which the need to provide a non-invasive approach seems necessary. Metabolomics is the study of a complete set of metabolites in biologic samples and compared to normal cells, metabolites in cancer cells show alterations. This article reviews the role of metabolomics i.e studies in the discrimination and diagnosis of thyroid cancers. Materials and Methods: A literature search was performed in main databases including PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus and Sciencedirect in a 7-year time frame from 2010 to 2017. All the articles obtained were in English.Results: Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) - and mass spectrometry (MS) - based techniques are the main methods in metabolomic studies, and based on the results of these studies, changes in carbohydrates, lipids and nucleotides’ metabolic pathways and the resulting metabolite alterations observed in thyroid tumors were compared with normal tissues.Conclusion: It seems that in the near future, metabolomic studies, besides conventional methods will be used for diagnosis and differentiation of different types of thyroid cancers and will most likely introduce altered metabolic pathways as therapeutic targets.

Introduction: Providing education on self-care for patients is the basis and foundation of diabetes treatment. The impact of different educational methods differs. This study aimed to determine the effect of education on self-care behaviors provided by health care providers and peers on HbA1c levels in diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: This study is a randomized clinical trial conducted on 120 patients referring to the diabetes center in Bandar Abbas. For education participants were assigned to three groups; study tools included a questionnaire for demographic variables, and spectrophotometer to assess HbA1c levels. Data were collected at baseline and 12 weeks after the intervention. In the 3 groups, self care education was provided by: 1. health care provider (nurse) 2. by peers in the field of diabetes, whereas those in the control group received the education, provided by usual programs of the diabetes center. Data analysis was carried out using SPSS V.18 with descriptive and analytic statistics tests.Results: Before the intervention, three groups were matched based on HbA1c levels (p=0.29). However, after the intervention, the HbA1c levels decreased significantly in the health care provider group, compared to the other two groups (p=0.04).Conclusion: According to the results, education on self-care behavior by the health care provider is an effective method for control of diabetes and its complications. Extending the availability of this education to health care service would control the disease.

Introduction: Overweight and obesity in children has been documented to be major health problem. This study is the educational intervention of child`s parents according to the social cognitive theory (SCT) for their body mass index (bmi) decrease in overweight and obese children of pre-elementary grade in Zarrinshahr. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on mothers with overweight and obese pre-elementary school children, residents of Zarrinshahrtown in 2015. Mothers were divided randomly into the intervention and control groups (n=45 each). For the intervention group (children and parents), an educational program was designed, based on the SCT and presented in 4 sessions. Data were collected by a researcher made questionnaire, including demographic information, the structures of SCT, and height and weight measurement tools, both before (baseline) and 5 months after the educational intervention.Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney, Chi-square test, analysis of covariance and the independent t-test.Results: Five months after educational intervention, mean scores of all structures of SCT, including self-efficiency, outcome expectations, self-regulation and social support of the intervention group showed a meaningful increase (P<0.001) in comparison with the control group.Physical activity of children in the intervention group also had a meaningful increase in comparison with controls. Use of social media, sweetmeats, salty snacks and sweet drinks after intervention showed no significant increase. In children, BMI showed a significant difference, compared to the pre-intervention assessment (P<0.05).Conclusion: Results of the present study, showed that the social-cognitive theory can be used cautiously in related studies of children affected to by overweight.

Introduction: Diabetes is a metabolic disease with hyperglycemia, decrease in insulin secretion or de-sensitization of peripheral cells to insulin. Onosma is a species of Boraginaceae which although it is used in traditional medicine for its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and antibiotic properties, data on its anti-diabetic effects are limited. This research has been designed to assess its' anti-diabetc, anti-neuropathy and anti-oxidative stress effects in an in-vivo model of diabetes.Materials and Methods: Hydroalcoholic extract was prepared from over-ground organs, (shoots and leaves) and underground organs (roots), and administered by gavage (50 mg/kg) for 3 weeks to mice in a streptozocin induced diabetic model. After the treatment period, blood glucose, weight and neuropathy were determined and for positive control, metformin (50 mg/kg) was used.After removing the brain and liver of mice and homogenization of tissues, the MDA and Glutathione contents of the tissues have been assayed by a colorimetric method.Results: Results of this research show that hydroalcoholic extract ofOnosma d. has anti-diabeti properties which have beneficial effects for some parameters such as hypoglycemia and reducing MDA, the effect of underground organs as roots extracts were better. However for increasing weight, diminishing neuropathy and increasing GSH contents, the effects of over-ground organs as leaves and shoots extracts were more significant.Conclusion: Results of this research indicate the anti-diabetic and anti-neuropathy properties ofOnosma dichroanthum as a herbal medicine, related to its antioxidant abilities and limited side effects, can hence be used for treatment with other anti-diabetic drugs.

Introduction: The purpose of present study was to investigate the effects of high intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT) on vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene expression in visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissues in male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: For this experimental study, 24 male Wistar rats (250±20 gram) were divided in to 4 groups (n=6 each) basal control (n=6), 8 week controls (n=6), MICT (n=6), and HIIT (n=6) groups. The training program was running on the 4 treadmill for 8 weeks/5 days per week. Intensity of the MICT protocol was 50-75% of VO2max, and the duration was approxinately 15 to 60 minutes, which progressively increased. The HIIT protocol was 4-8×1 min with 70-100% of VO2 max and 1 min recovery with 50-70% VO2max, for a total duration of 15 to 23 minutes. Adipose tissue samples were removed 48 hours after the last training session and VEGF gene expression was measured by Real-Time PCR methods.Results: Results indicated that both MICT and HIIT induced significant increase in subcutaneous VEGF gene expression (P£0.05), whereas, no significant changes in visceral VEGF gene expression were observed after either training protocol (P³0.05).Conclusion: Based on findings, the MICT protocol, HIIT exercise training in particular, has more effects on subcutaneous adipose tissue angiogenesis than on visceral adipose tissue.

Introduction: Hypertension is one of the main risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, and recent studies have been investigating the association of dietary amino acids with blood pressure. This study aimed to determine the association of dietary glycine with blood pressure. Materials and Methods: For the present study, conducted on 2612 participants, aged 35-70 years, who had participated in the fourth phase of the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (2008-2011) were followed up to the fifth phase (2011-2014). At baseline, participants, who were free of hypertension, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer and had complete documented anthropometric, clinical and dietary data entered the study. Dietary glycine information was collected, using a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire. Incidence of hypertesion was ascertained after three years of follow up, using logistic regression to assess the associations between incidence of hypertension and tertiles of glycine intake, adjusted for potential confounders.Results: The mean±SD age of participants (42.1% men) was 47.1±8.3 years. During 3 years of follow-up, 365 cases (14%) of hypertension developed. The OR of the highest tertile of glycine intake was 0.69 (95% CI: 0.49-0.96; P for trend: 0.04), compared to the lowest, after adjusting for potential confounders.Conclusion: Our results indicate an inverse association between higher glycine intake and incidence of hypertension.

Introduction: Women’s quality of life following menopause is influenced not only by physical and psychosocial factors, but also by menopause-related concerns, their feelings and attitude and adjustment to menopause. The aim of the present study was to assess women’s experiences after menopause and its related factors. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in 2016 on 350 menopausal women referred to 12 health centers affiliated to Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. Subjects were recruited using a two-stage sampling method, and data were collected through interview using two questionnaires, including a demographic questionnaire and a valid and reliable questionnaire, the “assessment of women’s experiences in after menopause”.Data was analyzed using Pearson and spearman correlation coefficient, one way ANOVA and multiple linear regression statistical methods.Results: Assessment of women’s experiences in after menopause revealed a total score of 34.9±16.9 percent (Mean±SD). Scores for the domains of women’s experiences in menopause were 42.8±19.3% for physical complications, 34.8±26.4% for negative attitudes, 34.1±27.5% negative feelings, 32.7±19.6% for concerns, 33.2±28.2% for adjustment, and 29.5±24.3% for psychological complications. Duration of menopause was the only predicting factor for total score of women’s experiences in menopause, i.e., with addition of one year to duration of menopause, the total score decreased by 1 point.Conclusion: Duration of menopause was the only predicting factor for the total score of women’s experiences. Future policies and programs for improving quality of life of women after menopause should concentrate on decreasing menopause related physical complications, negative attitudes and feelings, concerns and psychological complications.