Journal of Aquaculture Development
Year:2017 | Volume:11 | Issue:1 |Papers Count:10

In order to identify polymorphisms in the Tyrosinase gene for Golden rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), a total of 100 different samples (fry) were prepared and DNA extraction was performed from their caudal fins. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was amplified fragment of 423bp the Tyrosinase gene. The amplified fragments were using specific primers (Tyr1. 2r and Tyr1. 2f) and Hinf1 cutting enzyme. In enzymatic digestion of the PCR products was observed three restricted patterns in 222bp and 201bp with NN (26 samples), and 423bp with MM (36 samples). The number of alleles N and M were 90 and 110 respectively, the gene frequency for allele N and M were. 45 and. 55 respectively. The number of genotypic frequencies NN, MN and MM were. 26, . 38 and. 36 respectively. The results showed that deviations from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were in all cases, due to artificial reproduction, probably.

This study have done by propose of identification of Limitations and effective management processes, the role of forcible risks and affecting on warm water fish pond production on Guilan province in region of Alborz Shomali. Statistical Society in this study was warm water fish farmers in Guilan province and the population of this study includes selected sample of the total population warm water fish farmer in Guilan province. In this study the data were collected by a questionnaire forms that filled by fish farmers. The results showed, that was %89. 3 private form, %7. 1 of those cooperative and 3. 6% of fish farm was governmental, also the cultivation system in this region was %92. 6 polyculture, % 3. 7monoculture and %3. 7 integration. The level of education data of fish farmers showed that 35. 6 % of those had diploma of high school degree, 17. 9% under high school degree, 10. 9 % secondary education and 31. 7 % illiterate. Only 17. 9 percent of fish farmers used of technical and expert person in their farm and 82. 1 % haven’ t use from any technical advice. Analyzes of data showed that of complex of management problems, limitations of that and effective on fish production respectively related to low oxygen demand in pond ( 49. 3%), miss water inlet (23. 68%), high density (9. 47%), poor quality of fish feed(6. 25%), disease (5. 79%), pollutions( 3. 58%)and condition of transport(1. 93%). Also the study role of effective forcible risks on fish production according to fish farmers idea showed that the highest average percent belongs to cloudiness(57. 43%)and after that respectively drought (24. 64%), high temperature (11. 78%), glacial (5. 25%), flood(0. 72%) and storm (0. 18%) were the important mortality factors in pond farm. Variables related to forcible risks and management problems analyses by Confirmatory Factor Analysis Extracted of principal factors and varimax, the result showed that low oxygen demand and miss water inlet variable were the most amount of variance than other variables. A large number of respondents did believe that extension training could to impact on ability risk managements of fish farmers and help to them for choose the method of decrease the mortality of fish pond.

To study the synergistic effects of potassium sorbate and Lactobacillus casei in rainbow trout fry (Oncorhynchus mykiss) (2. 45± 0. 05), A test for 8 weeks using six treatments, including: Commercial diet (control), diet 107 CFU / g bacteria (treatment 1), a diet containing 0. 5% of potassium sorbate (treatment 2), a diet containing 1% potassium sorbate (treatment 3), The composition of the diet with %0/5 of potassium sorbate and 107 CFU / g Lactobacillus casei (treatment 4) and the composition of the diet with 1% potassium sorbate and 107 CFU / g Lactobacillus casei (treatment 5) was carried out. Experiment was done in completely random design. The results showed that the highest final weight, SGR, FCR and PER in the treatment 4 showed significant differences with other treatments (P<0. 05). The carcass significant differences were not observed between the different treatments (P>0/05). WBC was significantly higher (P<0. 05) in T4 compared with other groups. No significant difference in the amount of RBC, Hb, HCT, MCV, MCH, MCHC were observed (P>0/05). The number of intestinal bacteria and Lactobacillus showed significant differences between the different treatments So that highest rate was observed in treatment 4 (P <0. 05). In total, according to the results and the positive effects of the addition compound CFU / g 107 bacteria (Lactobacillus casei) and 0/5% of potassium sorbate in the diet of rainbow trout diet is recommended.

Due to the growth in Aquatic system and their health and economic well being of forming system is very important. Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (silver carp) is one of the breading fish of cyprinus family that feed from phytoplanktons in water. Howere environmental condition of breading fileds mount be consider to obtain a optimal statu and fertilization of them to growth of biomass and diversity of phytoplanktons for growth silver carps. Shoshtar city is in east North of khozestan province with sustainable water rivers to breading of warm water fish. This study was started on biomass effect and density of phytoplankton on silver carp fry with 2. 5 gr in polycalture farms. The stady was started from July 1391 and up to 45 days in Fourth stages of physical and chemical parameters of water Do, Temperatur, Electrical conductivity, Nitrate, phosphate, TDS, pH and chlorophyll a (biomass) as well as measurement and weight charachteries indetify and determine the length juveniles and phytoplankton concetrion with three replicates per treatment was carried out. The results showed that weight gain during the second trail of the same treatment were compared to the control treatment. Phytoplankton biomass based to measurement of chlorophylla (0. 008± 0. 009 mg/l) showed and increasing in comparsion to the control treatment (p≤ 0. 05). in general juvenile increased during treatment and had more weight show the control group. The amount of double fertilization treatments of silver carp juveniles increased in length and weight more than the control (p≤ 0. 05). In general environment parameters expect dissolved oxygen, Ec and TDS were not significantlly different.

A feeding trial with three protein levels (30, 35 and 40%) was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary protein level on growth performance and hematological parameters of juveniles Beluga sturgeon (Huso huso). One hundred and thirty-five fish (131. 71 ± 1. 68 g mean ± SD) were randomly distributed in nine circular concrete tanks (800 L) and were satiated four times daily for 8 weeks. The results showed that growth parameters including final weight, specific growth rate, feed conversion ratio, condition factor and weight gain was significantly higher in fish fed 35% protein compared to 40% (P<0. 05), but there was no difference with fish fed 30% protein (P>0. 05). Weight increased with increasing dietary protein level up to 40%, and then decreased significantly and body weight increase decreased by 40% protein s. The results of hematological parameters showed white blood cells, neutrophils and lymphocytes in fish that fed 35% protein compared to other groups (P<0. 05). In conclusion, the results showed that protein restriction have effect on growth performance and hematological parameters of juveniles Beluga sturgeon.

In this study the effect of dietary prebiotic A-max on growth performance, survival and body composition of Common carp juvenile(Cyprinus carpio) were investigated for 60days. Practical diets were supplemented with 0, 0. 5, 1. 5 and 2. 5 g/kg A-max in a totally randomized design trial in triplicate groups. 20 Common carp juveniles with initially average weight 10. 70 ± 0. 32g were stocked in 12 concrete tanks with 250 lit volume and fed up to satisfy. The results showed that dietary prebiotic lead to no significant differences in body weight increase, percentage of body weight increase, daily grpwth, specific growth rate, condition rate and feed conversion ratio between control and other treatments, even if the treatment which fed 0. 5 g/kg A-max showed better position in almost all factors(p>0. 05). also there were no significant differences between body composition of any of treatments and control, but the most protein and lipid content and less content of moisture were observed in the carcass of the treatment which fed 2. 5 g/kg A-max, also the most content of ash were observed in the treatment which fed 1. 5 g/kg A-max (p>0. 05). Because of that there were no mortality in any of treatments during the experimental period, no significant effects of prebiotic on survival rate were observed(p>0. 05). The experiment indicated that dietary prebiotic A-max as the growth stimulus, had no benefit effects on Common carp juveniles.

Tilapia is one of the most used species worldwide and so their productive countries are expanding quickly. Some of its specifications as low fecundity and asynchronous ovulation has made problems to tilapia hatcheries. So some efforts have done to resolve these problems. In this study the inducing effects of a single intraperitoneal injection of LHRH analog alone(20µ g/kg BW) or in combination with the third generation dopamine antagonists (Olanzapine and Clozapine) in dose 5, 10 and 15 mg/kg BW were tested on ovulation induction of premature female Nile tilapia and compared with Domperidone as a well known general antagonist in treatment 20µ g LHRH+10 mg Domperidone. Results showed breeding efficiency has improved in studied qualitative and quantitative indices under effect of antagonists. These results confirmed Dopaminergic inhibitory in Nile tilapia reproduction. Dopamine antagonists Accelerated and Synchronized ovulation, increased oocyte diameter, improved spawning success and enhanced ovulation index of treated fish. Also Olanzapine was more effective than clozapine and this indicate that D2 dopamine receptors have more effective role in inhibition and prolong of tilapia reproduction process and blocking these receptors is more useful than D4 receptors that probably have less impact in prevention of tilapia breeding.

One of the ways to increase immunity and health level of fis hes is to apply diet supplements such as probiotics. This project carried out with the aim of Enterococcus species and its usage on feeding, also its effects on blood & immunity factors of sturgeon fingerlings in International Sturgeon Research Institute during 2010-2014. A total of 96 sturgeon fingerlings with mean weight of 9. 24± 0. 14g and mean total length of 14. 39± 0. 4cm and density of 8 pieces were stocked in 12 fiberglass vans with 500L volume having 1m height and diameter, the water supplied commonly by SephidRud River and well with aerator. The treatments were completely random (4 treatments, with 3 replications per treatment). In treatments one, two and three, the fingerlings consumed the diet supplemented with Enterococcus faecalis as 107, 108 and 109 CFU (in per gram diet), respectively. No, Enterococcus faecalis added to diet in control group. In an in vivo work the effect of Enterococcus faecalis as the supplementary diet was evaluated on growth performance of Persian sturgeon for a period of 60 days. Strong growth of all LAB were observed at 20˚ C and 30˚ C, as well as 4%, and 8% (w/v) NaCl. Use of diet supplemented with Enterococcus faecalis (JF831161) resulted in a significant improvement of lysozyme activity, IGM, hemoglobin, white and red blood cells, hemoglobin and neutrophils. These results showed that use of Enterococcus faecalis can act as a positive probiotic in Persian sturgeon feed via improvement of fish immunity and health.

Regarding the need to replace chemical drugs with natural ones, using medicinal plants in aquaculture industry has recently attracted scholars’ attention. However, considering the lack of knowledge about the biological effects of medicinal plants on different species of aquatic animals, conducting preclinical evaluations seems essential. Therefore, this study was done to evaluate the preclinical effects of marshmallow extract (Althaea officinalis L. ) on blood cells and certain biochemical parameters of common carp liver. 150 common carp (weighing 37. 65 ± 4. 40 g) were fed marshmallow extract 0. 0% (control), 0. 25, 0. 5 and 1% per kg diet for 60 days. On days 30 and 60 of the experiment, blood cells and indices, as well as liver enzymes were measured. A significant difference (p > 0. 05) was found in red and white blood cell counts, hemoglobin concentration, MCV, MCH, and MCHC, the number of neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils during 60 days of feeding fish different concentrations of marshmallow extract. Marshmallow extract 0. 5 and 1% per kg diet significantly increased (p < 0. 5) lymphocytes on days 30 and 60. However, a decrease was found in monocytes of fish treated with extract 0. 5 and 1% on days 30 and 60 compared with the control group. Administration of marshmallow extract 0. 25 and 0. 5% had no negative effects on liver enzymes. A significant increase in hepatic AST, ALT, ALP, and LDH levels in fish treated with extract 1% may indicate cytotoxicity. Therefore, according to the findings of this study, preclinical treatment of marshmallow extract (0. 25 and 0. 5% concentrations) is clinically approved in common carp.

The aim of this study was to measurement the amount of Benzo[a]anthracene in five species of anzali Esox lucius, Rutilus frisii, Carassius carassius, Silurus glanis and Tinca tinca. The fishes were caught from western, central and eastern of the wetland and then amount of hydrocarbons in their muscle tissue was measured. Results showed, the amount of benzofenanthas hydrocarbons was 0 to 14 micrograms per kilogram dry matter in different fishes. The results showed that there is significant differences between fish caught in different regions (P <0. 05). But in generally, the amount of hydrocarbons in all samples was lower than the standard set by the World Health Organization (20 μ g/ kg dry matter).