Ecophytochemistry journal of Medicinal Plants
Year:2015 | Volume:2 | Issue:4 (8)|Papers Count:8

In this study the effects of different amounts of nitrogen fertilizer and harvesting time on essential oil composition and total phenolic content of Satureja hortensis L. were studied. Factorial experiment was performed in the randomized complete block with 3 replication and effect of 4 level of nitrogen (0, 50, 100 and 150 kg ha) in different harvesting times (6, 12 and 18). The essential oils were collected by Clevenger apparatus in hydro distillation method and analyzed by GC-MS. TP contents were measured by Folin-Ciocalteu method and the data were analyzed by SPSS software. The result showed that the amount of fertilizer and harvesting times had good effect on essential oil composition and TP content (Total phenol) (P<0.05). However by increasing the amount of nitrogen fertilizer between 50 to 100 kilogram per hectare, essential oil were increased, but the total phenols were increased in the morning harvesting time. Therefore to obtain the most amount of essential oil and phenol from S.hortensis L. is better to harvest this plant with amount of nitrogen fertilizer between 50 to 100 kilogram per hectare.

In the recent centuries, medicinal plants have played an important role in human health care. The purpose of this research was ethnobotanical study of medicinal plants in the Northeast regions of the Khuzestan province, which have been used in traditional medicine of this region. In many field observation, all traditional information about plant usage were obtained from rural people by using the questionnaire forms. The plant species were identified based on by Flora Iranica references in herbarium of Lorestan University. Result showed that 174 medicinal plants belongs to 65 family in different areas of this Province (Izeh, Baghmalek, Dehdez, Lali, Indica, Masjed Soleiman). The most abundance plants belongs to Asteraceae (22 species), Lamiaceae (20 species), Apiaceae (19 species) and Fabaceae (16 species), respectively which have been used to treatment of many current ailments such as digestive, respiratory and urinary disorders, reduce pain, diabete and hyperlepidemic. So due to the abundance and widespread of medicinal plants uses, development of employment plans based on their cultivation and development consistent with local ecological conditions, can be lead to maximum productivity and a proper strategy for conservation of these plant gene pool.

Many medicinal species distribution in natural areas, which have been degraded due to excessive exploitation, culture and domestication, So even without the knowledge of the ecological factors affecting their distribution in the habitat is not possible to normal. After gathering information about the distribution of plant species in different habitat Teucrium polium on Maharlu Basin, three areas were selected for growth. In order to determine the type and extent of the relationship between the components of ecological field survey was conducted in three regional distribution. This relationship reflects the characteristics of vegetation cover, density, frequenc, productivity, abundance, plant vigor, dominance, sociability and phenological cycle was completed. To determine the parameters of and homogeneity among them, the PCA analysis (PCA) was used. According to the PCA coefficients, it was found that Sociability variables and Vigor the maximum values of the first component and the Density and Production, the highest values are in the second component. Pc1 Pc2 coefficients indicated in the diagram, the three sites are located in three separate areas. The results show that the distribution and habitat requirements of the Teucrium species, a lot of were similar in the two habitats Sarvestan and Cheshme-Anjir are in the same group. In view of the similarity of 60% in both the cluster analysis, the results indicate that vegetation Cheshme-Anjir and Sarvestan plant variables, 79.6% similarity is found with respect to all variables (ecological and vegetation), similar to the two sites in 75.3 of it.

Satureja mutica L. is an annual aromatic plant, belongs to Lamiaceae family which have been used in industries like culinary, pharmaceutical, dietary, food and drinking and many others. In this research, moreover the best time to harvest in order to achieve the highest essential oil from Satureja mutica, the effect of harvesting time on chemical compositions were investigated. The essential oils of samples in different seasons were obtained by water distillation and analyzed by GC & GC/MS. The oil yields were highest in summer (3.78%) and spring (3.26%), respectively. 29 compounds were identified from the essential oils and 19 compounds were common at the three Seasons. Carvacrol, thymol, d-terpinene, p-cymene and thymol were the maximum components in spring oil, also carvacrol and para-cymene were maximum compounds in autumun oil. This findings were suggested that the summer oil was the best time harvesting of Satureja mutica.

Zataria multiflora Boiss. is belongs to the Lamiaceae family, which grows wild only in Iran, Pakistan and Afghanistan.. This study was carried on chemical composition of essential oils from four wild populations of Zataria multiflora Boiss. Floral branches were collected from their natural habitats in Isfahan, Fars, Yazd and Hormozgan provinces. Essential oils were obtained by hydro distillation and were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC-mass spectrometry. The yield oils were obtained in ranges 1.5% (Fars) to 3.3% (Isfahan). 27 compounds, which accounted for 96.1-99% in total oil were identified. carvacrol and thymol were the most components in all 4 essential oils which they highest in Esfahan and Yazd province (75.1 and 14.5%), respectively and the lowest and highest amounts of thymol were obtained in Isfahan and Yazd populations essential oil, respectively.

Phenolic compounds in Thymus species is one of the most natural antioxidant, which has been used in many drug industrial. In the present research the effect of drought and salinity stresses on thyme phenolic compounds were evaluated. The experiments were conducted in a randomized complete design (CRD) with three replications at greenhouse and laboratory of Imam Khomeini International University in 2014. Plant extracts samples were obtained by maceration method and their phenolic compounds were measured by HPLC. The results showed that drought and salinity stresses had significant effects (P<0.01) on the amount of thymol and other phenolic compounds. Under drought stress the amount of vanilic acid, thymol, caffeic acid, chlorogenic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid and salicylic acid increased about 189, 48, 158, 153, 137 and 84%, respectively as compared to the control treatment. Total phenol contents (TP) showed some changes under salinity treatment, the highest increase in TP content under salt stress was related to the rosmarinic acid (36.6 %) to compared in non-stress treatment.

Antibacterial, phytochemical and ethno pharmacological screening on some edible medicinal plants, which are seems that it's possible to find some natural antioxidant and antibacterial compounds. In order to research, Barberry (Berberis vulgaris), Kiwi (Actiniadia deliciosa) and Onions (Allium cepa L.) were collected from three provinces of Iran. Ethnopharmacological data were obtained from rural people of these provinces, the ethanol extracts were obtained by maceration method, phytochemical (Total phenol and flavonoids) were measured by spectrophotometry and anti-bacterial activity were studied by agar disc diffusion methods, minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) against the isolated of Listeria monocytogenes L., which also the Ampiciline antibiotic (10 mg/disc) have used as a reference antibacterial substance. Ethno pharmacological survey, showed that the all traditional products of these plants in single or compound with other herbs, which has been used in traditional medicine of these tree province as immune tonic, anti inflammation and anti infection in prevent to treat of sinusitis, digestive and pulmonary infections. the highest total phenols contents (402.14±1.51 mgGAE/ g) and flavonoids contents (278.1±12.1 mgQUEg-1) were obtained from Berberis extract and in both methods ethanolic extracts of samples (Kiwi, Barberry and Onion) had good anti Listerial infection in comparison with Ampiciline antibiotic with 22.5, 22 and 21 mm inhibition zone, MIC (62.5, 125 and 125 mg/ml) and MBC (250, 500 and 500 mg/ml, respectively against Listeria monocytogenes. Also results showed that the Kiwi’s extract have stronger anti Listerial effect than Barberry’s or Onion’s extract and even several standard antibiotics like Ampicillin. It’s suggested that in this connection supplementary study should be done on animal and clinical models.

Ferula assa-foetida L. is on of most important medicinal plant. The genus Ferula belongs to the Apiaceae family grow in Iran and Afghanistan. The objective of this study was to assess the genetic variation in germplasm of Ferula assa-foetida collected from two provinces in southeast of Iran using RAPD marker. The Ferula assa-foetida leave were collected from 30 various regions in Kerman and Yazd provinces. DNA was extracted from leave using modified CTAB method. From the 15 used primers in PCR, 10 primers with better bands were selected for analysis. The 127 polymorphic bands obtained by these primers were scored. The binary matrix was converted to distance matrix by applying Dice similarity coefficient in NTSYS-pc (Ver 2.02) software. Then, the distance matrix was analyzed using (UPGMA) and the phyllogenic dendrogram was plotted. Based on the results, investigated populations were clustered in5 groups. The obtained clusters based on RAPD markers to some extent matched with the geographical origin of the studied populations of Ferula assa-foetida. Furthermore, the obtained results of principal component analysis method were similar to the results of cluster analysis. The results indicated that RAPD technique is an efficient tool for assessing genetic diversity in these populations.