Journal of Molecular and Cellular Researches
Year:2014 | Volume:26 | Issue:4|Papers Count:15

A study was designed to investigate the effect of different feed additives on performance, immune response and ascites - related parameters in broiler chicken. A total of 900 day-old Ross broiler chicks were randomly allocated into six equally major groups with five replicates of 30 chicks each. The groups were assigned to receive the treatment diets as follows: diet with no feed additive (control); diet supplemented with vitamin; diet supplemented with choline chloride; diet supplemented with vitamin C and probiotics; diet supplemented with choline chloride and probiotics; diet supplemented with choline chloride, vitamin C and probiotics. Body weight, feed intake, body weight gain, feed conversion ration and mortality were determined over the course of the experiment. Hematocrit percentage was also measured as an indicator of ascites. At 35 days of age, two birds per replicate were randomly selected and 2 ml blood sample was collected to measure plasma concentration of T3 and T4 hormones. IgM and IgG antibody response to SRBC were also determined at 28 days of age. Body weight, FI and FCR were not affected (P>0.05) by different treatments over the course of the study. Broilers fed diet supplemented with choline chloride, vitamin C and probiotic showed the highest survivability percentage and production index as compared with the other treatments. But it was not significantly different with the control group. IgM and IgG antibody response to SRBC, hematocrit percentage and plasma concentration of T3 and T4 also were not affected by different dietary treatments (P>0.05).

Pectins are polysaccharide rich in galactoside residues which bind to receptor Galactin-3. It has been shown pectins induce apoptosis and inhibit metastasis in tumurigenic cell via Galactin-3. In the present study, the effect of Modified Citrus Pectin (MCP) on prostate cancer cells, DU-145 is under investigation. The citrus pectin was modified with PH and temperature alternation. Its effect on DU145 and HUVEC cells viability was studied. Thus MCP effect on angiogenesis was studied via the treatment of DU145 media on user cells. This goal, the tube formation was followed with phase contrast microscopy in a 48h period. Finding the effect of MCP on the cells migration was investigated. Our results showed that MCP is capable of decreasing DU145 viability. Indeed, this material can inhibit angiogenesis which it may be due to reduction of angiogenic factors such as VEGF in DU145 cells. Beside these, MCP showed a decreasing effect on cells migration in HUVEC cells.

Bacteriophage lambda comprises critical advantages that have made it as an ideal gene delivery vehicle into the eukaryotic cells. These advantages reside in both the structure and biology of the lambda phage, for example, recent investigations have revealed common ancestry for the tailed phages and eukaryotic DNA viruses. Considering these features as well as the double-stranded nature of its genome, bacteriophage lambda might comprise a great advantage for phage-mediated gene delivery into eukaryotic cells. A phage lambda-derived gene nanocarrier bearing reporter gene GFP (l-GFP) was constructed and utilized to transfect AGS cell line. l-GFP particle-mediated gene delivery and expression as well as its internalization by AGS cell line was investigated.

Identification and evaluation of intrageneric Brassica species will be useful to identified valuable genes and traits and finally transfere of them into cultivated varieties. Cytogenetical methods such as chromosomal staining and banding are very important tools to use in different science branches including biology, plant breeding, animal breeding and biotechnology. In order to evaluate of cytogenetical characteristics of canola, wild hoary mustard and wild cabbage this study was conducted genetic lab. of Yasouj university. The cytogenetical results revealed high intraspecific similarity among genotypes of all three studied species. Different spring and winter canola cultivars showed no significant for total relative length of chromosomes, and for most of other measured chromosomal characters. Hoary mustard genotypes showed no significant differences for all chromosomal characters except for relative length of short arm of chromosome 3. This result clearly showed less cytogenetical variation among hoary mustard genotypes collected from different part of Iran. Also two wild cabbage genotypes indicated significant differences only for relative total length of chromosome 7 and for relative length of short arm of chromosome 6. The results of analysis variances and cluster analysis for intra-chromosomal symmetry index (A1), interchromosomal symmetry index (A2), total form percentage (TF), differences between relative length of the longest and the shortest chromosomes (DRL) and somatic chromosomal number revealed interspecific similarity, indicating crossability among selective genotypes. Sowing date and species type had high effect on flowering date. So, sowing date adjustion could be very important factor to synchronize flowring date.

Identification and analysis of the variation of honeybee populations is an outstanding subject in the bees breeding. The grouping of populations based on the morphological keys using cluster analysis by the minimum variance WARD method divided the colonies into four groups. The results showed morphological dissociation of Iranian race from the foreign ones. The imported race to this region including Italian and hybrid Starline were dissociated into four different groups but the Midnite race were not completely dissociated from the Starline. The study of two microsatellite loci showed a minimum of 2 and a maximum of 4 allels per locous. The analysis of population genetic parameters and phylogenetic relationships using cluster analysis method showed that the mean observed and expected heterozygosity was 0.93 and 0.53, respectively. The most similarity was observed between Italian and Starline races as 0.98 and the less similarity was revealed between Midnite and Italian races as 0.57. The results implies that the Italian race was completely separated from the Italian ones, Starline and Midnite hybrids.

Rhizosphere is the living habitat for a variety of microorganisms, especially bacteria which may have beneficial, detrimental or neutral effects on plant growth. Rhizosphere beneficial bacteria are commonly called plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and have been under researchers focus for many years. PGPRs can stimulate plant growth through different mechanisms. Solubilization of inorganic phosphate is a characteristic has been frequently used for screening these bacteria. Flavobacterium has been noted as PGPR in almost all review article as well. In this research forty-four isolates of Flavobacterium were isolated from wheat rhizosphere in Iran and their ability for solobilizing inorganic phosphate in solid and broth medium was determined. Results of the phosphate solubilizing in solid medium revealed that twenty-eight isolates were capable to growth in solid medium. Phosphate solubilizing index ranging from 0.24-1.17, 0.15-1.36 and 0.12- 2.73 after 4, 6 and 8 days after inoculation. Isolate F11 was selected as a superior isolate. Thirty-four isolates were capable to solubilizing inorganic phosphate in broth medium. The average rate of P-solublization was 3.54mg/ml, ranging from zero to 37.48. The result showed that F11 was superior isolate.

Stress inducible promoters are key elements in development of transgenic abiotic resistant plants. Abiotic stress inducible promoter Rd29A was cloned by Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from Arabidopsis thaliana genomic DNA. pBI-RD-GUS binary vector constructed by replacing CaMV35S promoter of vector pBI121 by Rd29A. The new recombinant vector pBI-RD-GUS as well as pBI121 was transferred to tobacco by Agrobacterium tumefaciencs system. PCR and GUS histochemical assay of transgenic tobacco plants confirmed transformation events. Stress induciblity of the promoters studied by histochemical GUS assay of transgenic leaves under stress conditions. The assay showed that promoter Rd29A, in contrast of CaMV35S, induced by dehydration, NaCl and ABA. Rd29A induction by ABA confirmed the signaling role of it in stress signal transduction pathways. Therefore, if abiotic stress resistance genes are driven by rd29A in the transformed plant, the disadvantage, like small figure, low growth rate etc, to transgenic plant due to the over-expression of exogenous genes can be greatly reduced.

Mannose Binding Lectin (MBL) is a major initiator of the lectin pathway (LP) of complement System. MBL produced by the liver and involved in the innate immunity response. We have analyzed three SNPs of mbl2 gene at the exon 1 individuals of a random population residing in Tehran (N=143), and have correlated genotypes with respective MBL serum concentration. Polymorphisms in exon 1 of the MBL are reported to be associated with impaired MBL function and in response of the body to infection. Three different mutations within exon 1 of the MBL gene have been described, each causing MBL deficiency. Three SNPs in exon 1 were genotyped using PCR amplification. Plasma level of MBL were quantified using ELISA. Our research showed 3 variant polymorphisms at codon 52 (D Allele), 54 (B Allele), 57 (C Allele) of mbl2 gene affecting the protein level in plasma. B allele was significantly correlated with the lowest MBL level.

This project was carried out to provide a new method of packaging for H. huso fillets, ready to eat and new products from this fish fillets, physicochemical properties monitoring of fish fillets packaged by Sous Vide method and preparation of product with high shelf life in refrigerator. Fish fillets were prepared by brine. Pasteurization was performed by HTST (High temperature short time) and LTLT (low temperature long time) methods. The pasteurized products were kept at 2oC. Examination were carried out for a period of twelve weeks. The Coliform, Escherichia coli and Serratia bacteria and Molds and yeasts contamination were negative until the end of storage period in samples processed by Sous Vide method. Total bacterial counts, Staphylococcus and Pseudomonas bacteria count were higher in samples pasteurized by HTST (5.83, 2.35 and 4.54 log cfu/g respectively) compared with samples pasteurized by LTLT method (5.03, 3.03 and 3.55 log cfu/g respectively). But salt absorption and pH values were lower in this samples (7%, 6.19) compared with samples pasteurized by LTLT method (8.5%, 6.27). Finally, according to results of bacterial experiments the pasteurized samples by HTST and LTLT method kept their high quality for a period of eight weeks and twelve weeks, respectively. However, statistically significant difference was not observed in their bacterial counts and chemical factors in among experimental (p>0.05).

To study of microbial and some of heavy metal in forage corn and soil, field experiment was conducted in wastewater treatment plant in Shahr-e-kord in summer, 2011. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design in 3 replications and 2 treatments, well water with fertilizer (W1) and effluent (W2). Results showed that total number of positive lactose bacteria, total and fecal coliforms in depth of 0-5 cm was 42% more than depth of 5-15 cm. In old leaves, total and fecal coliform was 88 and 40 MPN /100 ml, respectively. Also, for new leaves, it was 38 and 2 MPN/ 100 ml, respectively. During the time, number of indicator bacteria in soil was decreased (about 35%). Heavy metal contents in W2 was more than W1 in stem and leaf but there was no significant difference between them. In soil and plant heavy metal contents were in acceptable level.

Penicilliumis a genous of Hyphomycetes (a group of Deuteromycetes) and was created by Link in 1809. This fungi with 150 recognized species has a worldwide distribution. The world-wide distribution and the importance of the role of the genus in human life are the reasons that make the identification of the species of this genus important. Some Penicillium species are responsible for hard disease. Because of producing a wide varity of enzymes, the species of this genus are important elements in industry and agriculture. Basically the morphological characters use to identify the species of Penicillium, but such identification is time consuming and lack of high accuracy. During last two decades using molecular and biochemical techniques have been vastly used in fungal species identification including Penicillium. In this study pectic zymogram technique was used to identify Penicillium species and inter-specific variations. Based on obtained zymogram patterns it seems that this technique is quick and more reliable than using morphological characters to distinguish different species.

Primary anti-bacterial drugs, called sulfonamide drugs, have several biological effects drived widespread use of these drugs in medicine. Here, with respect to some reports (confirming anti-cancerous activity of some sulfadrugs) cellular effects of two antibacterial sulfonamides (sulfathiazole and sulfacetamide) on T-47D cells was studied using several experimental methods. The fifty percent reduction in cell viability (LC50) was investigated after 48 h treatment of T-47D cells with sodium sulfathiazole and sodium sulfacetamide. Cells undergoing apoptosis were identified using fluorescent microscopy after double staining with Annexin-PI fluorochromes. Flow cytometric analysis, using Annexin-V-Flous kit, revealed lack of apoptosis amoung the treated cells. This notion was also exhibited by DNA laddering investigations while increasing in caspases-3 activity was registered. Cell cycle analysis after DAPI treatment indicated lack of cell cycle arrest amoung the treated cells. Here, doxorubicin was utilized as a positive control in all experiments. On the whole, regarding to the present study, it has been exhibited that in the presence of sodium sulfathiazole, decreased transcriptional expression level of Akt1, Akt2 and mTOR genes, in parallel with increased transcriptional level of PTEN gene, is being followed by reducing of cell viability. No similar mechanism was observed for sodium sulfacetamide. With respect to increased transcriptional expression level of Atg5, Akt1, Akt2 and mTOR genes, in parallel with decreased transcription level of PTEN gene, mechanism of action of sodium sulfacetamide should be exerted by cytoprotective autophagy causing decreasing of cell devision or growth rate.

Polygalacturonase inhibiting proteins (PGIPs) selectively inhibit the polygalacturonases (PGs) secreted by the invading plant pathogenic fungi. The PGIPs display the differential inhibiting towards the PGs from different fungi, also towards the different isoforms of the PGs originating from the specific pathogen. In this study an expression cassette was constructed to produce a chimeric protein containing PGIP1 and PGIP2 as a fused protein using three alanine as linker. The chimeric gene is under the control of CaMV 35S promoter and NOS as terminator. Pgip1 and pgip2 genes have been amplified from Naz cultivar of bean. All the intermediate and final constructs were confirmed by PCR and restriction digestion patterns. In addition, the final construct also was confirmed by sequencing. The Chimeric construct from this study can be used to produce transgenic plants resistant to fungal pathogenes.

In this investigation, the effects of inclusion of a Pishtaz wheat cultivar with high in non-starch polysaccharide and xylanase supplementation in the diet on productive performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal enzymes activity of laying hens was studied from 21 to 47 wk of age. Complete random design in factorial arrangement were modulated in 8 treatments with 4 levels of wheat (0, 23, 46, and 69%) corresponding to a dietary xylose content of 1.8, 2.0, 2.2, and 2.4% with or without XS. Each treatment was replicated 5 times (6 hens per each replicates). For the entire experimental period, egg weight (P<0.05) and egg mass (P<0.01) were reduced and feed conversion ratio (FCR) was impaired (P<0.05) with increased levels of xylose but ADFI and egg production were not affected. Xylanase supplementation improved egg production (P<0.05), egg weight and egg mass (P<0.01), and FCR (P<0.01). Fat digestibility (P<0.001) and AMEn content of the diets (P<0.05) decreased with increased levels of xylose but nitrogen retention was not affected. Xylose inclusion increased (P<0.001) amylase in the duodenum, and aminopeptidase and lipase activity in the duodenum and jejunum. Ileal viscosity increased (P<0.001) with level of xylose but decreased (P<0.001) with XS. The results of the current experiment show that increasing level of xylose decreased productive performance, fat digestibility and AMEn of the diet and increased endogenous enzyme activity.

The plant hormone ethylene regulates a variety of processes, such as growth, seed germination, flower initiation, organ abscission, adventitious root formation, leaf expansion, fruit ripening, and petal senescence after fertilization. Flower senescence is one of the developmental processes in which ethylene plays a key role. The climacteric rise of endogenous ethylene in these flowers has been shown to play a regulatory role in the events leading to death of some of the floral organs. In recent studies, loss-of function ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE2 (EIN2) mutation showed ethylene insensitivity which indicated an essential role of EIN2 in ethylene signaling. As the EIN2 gene, a positive regulator, plays a central role in ethylene signal transduction, we characterized its expression pattern in Petunia. The results showed that EIN2 transcript was present in all of tissues, with highest levels in style/stigma and ovary opened petunia flowers. Also, expression analysis was carried out to evaluate the effects of pollination, glucose, ABA, ACC on ethylene biosynthesis and signaling in petunia flower. The results indicate that glucose may play an important role in ethylene-associated regulation of flower senescence. These results demonstrate that NtEIN2 mediates ethylene signals in wide range of physiological processes and also cross-talk with other hormones like ABA in environmental stresses.