Sociological Review
Year:2023 | Volume:30 | Issue:1|Papers Count:22

Objective: To achieve a deep and pathological description of the academic socialization of Tehran, Allameh Tabatabai and Amirkabir University students and to provide policy solutions to reduce the harms caused by the process of academic socialization of PhD students.Research Methodology: Adopting a qualitative approach and interrogative strategy to understand and interpret students' experiences and their perception of their academic socialization process and in-depth semi-structured interviews with 30 PhD students and 5 principals and programs. Tiny college done.Findings:weak social solidarity necessary for the formation of scientific communities, lack of internalization of academic ethics, limited business environment with the university that has caused inefficiency of doctoral students' professional learning, lack of scientific worthlessness, weak cooperation Interdepartmental and interdisciplinary, weakness in the scientific authority of professors among students and weakness of international scientific cooperation are among the students' perceptions. Because in the statement of the university with social responsibility to educate and train high quality students, have critical positions, have high moral principles, have confidence and universities with international cooperation, cooperation with the business environment He pointed out that therefore, one of the requirements for the realization of the fourth generation of the university is the successful and efficient socialization of students. An in-depth description of the current situation and providing ways to achieve the desired situation is one of the areas of achieving a socially responsible university, which is one of the goals of our higher education system.

The life of the Islamic Republic of Iran can be divided into three periods: The first, which begins after the establishment of the Islamic Republic in the early sixties and continues until the end of the War and the end of Ayatollah Khomeini's leadership, is characterized as the mass atmosphere out of charismatic legitimacy and the war solidarity. The end of the war, the end of charisma, and the beginning of economic liberalization are characteristics of the second period, the period of discursive struggle of Democracy-Islamism and continues up to the end of eighties. The third period begins from the end of eighties and continues until today, which is the main focus of the current paper. The paper’s central claim is that the situation of “atomistic populism” is the main characteristic of the third period. I argue that during the domination of an atomist discourse, individual and individual promotion are central when the ultimate goal is to reach a so-called “individual success”, in contrast to the “collective Ideal” of the first period. In the atmosphere of the Third Republic, a variety of individual-oriented factors such as education, skill acquisition, introspective spiritual care, and mysticism becomes widely popular. I discuss that the obstruction of various possibilities of collective action, implementation of the economic privatization, and rising series of individual-oriented discourses provided a fertile ground for the atomistic discourse to prevail..

Introduction: Too much attention to an individual-centered discourse in today Iran has caused a slow but increasing dominance of individual-centered theories, methodologies and approaches in academic disciplines, notably the prevalence of psychology in explaining the social world. This paper claims that this situation is a manifestation or an example of the imperialist relationship between individualistic discourse and sociology.Goal: The current paper aims to analyze this imperialistic relation and to examine its dimensions, applying genealogy.Findings: Findings show that nominalism as the ontological and epistemological foundation of an individual-centered discourse plays a substantial role in the theorizing and promoting such discourse. Results also indicate that one cannot ignore the collaboration of power and knowledge in the emergence, establishment and stabilization of this situation.

Background: Multicultural education is one of the most important issues in educational systems and the importance of this issue is more visible in multicultural and multi-ethnic societies.Aim:The main purpose of this research is how to deal with multicultural education from the perspective of teachers and pre-service teachers of Farhangian University of Ilam.Methods: The research paradigm is interpretive, the research approach is qualitative, the research strategy is grounded theory, the study field includes primary school teachers and pre-service teachers of Farhangian University of Ilam. The sampling method is purposeful and theoretical sampling. The number of participants in the research was estimated to be 28 until the theoretical saturation stage. The information of the participants in the research was based on gender, educational level and work experience. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview and the tactic used was hidden content analysis. The data format was also in audio format. Three stages of Open,Axial and Selective coding were used to analyze the data. Finding: By examining the obtained data, 341 concepts; 66 subcategories and 30 categories were obtained, and based on the three elements of Strauss and Corbin's paradigmatic model, they were categorized into conditional, interactive, and consequential dimensions, and the core or central category was named "the inevitability of multicultural education discourse".Conclusion: According to what the teachers said about multicultural education, it can be said that teachers have a positive view of multicultural education and consider it as one of the necessities of the present age.

Due to the competitive environment in the Iranian banking industry, banks and financial institutions now need to pay more attention to the attractiveness of their promotional messages on social media, the interactions formed, and the value priorities of users of these media. The current study aims to investigate the effect of value priorities and para-social interactions on the public acceptance of advertising messages, taking the mediating role of generation into account. The study population includes the customers of Meeli Bank, Saderat Bank, Parsian Bank, Ayandeh Bank, and Shahr Bank in Tehran. Applying the Cochran's formula for a random cluster sampling, the sample size of this study contains 348 persons. To measure the acceptance component of advertising messages, including two dimensions of emotional attractiveness and logical attractiveness, the Yi-Lin questionnaire is utilized. Kitsman et al. questionnaire is also utilized to measure para-social interactions. In order to measure value priorities, Inglehart’s Value Scale is used in this study. The validity of the questionnaires is assessed by construct validity (diagnostic, divergent, and convergent), and their reliability is assessed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient using Smart PLS software. The results shows that value preferences and para-social interactions have a positive effect on public acceptance of the attractiveness of advertising messages. Findings also indicate that generation plays a mediating role in the relation.

AbstractThis study designed and developed in order to identify and be aware of the lived experience of successful students with low social and economic status. Successful students are those who been admitted to desirable academic disciplines with relatively low grades. The research method is qualitative and the researcher has obtained the data using semi-structured interviews with the respondents. The statistical population included Kermanshah province and the statistical sample included 18 respondents from some cities of this province. Data were analyzed using content analysis method. The findings showed that 45 categories were identifiable in the first stage, which could be converted into 4 categories. The main categories included subjective-objective experiences and positive-negative experiences. The findings also showed that there is a systematic relationship between the formation of these experiences so that first mental-positive experiences are involved in the process of student success and then objective-negative experiences and finally in a process of overcoming success. To be. Based on the findings, motivation-barrier are the two main categories that play a role as a link between these four main components.

Street harassment is a form of violence against women.  Research has paid less attention to the issue of street and sexual harassment. Considering the lack of systematic research on the relationship between the levels of one’s religiosity and the odds of committing street harassment, the current study aims to fill this gap. Using the National Survey on Social, Cultural and Moral Status of the Iranian Society, the data of 426 cities are analyzed and compared to answer the research question. Results show that: one, religiosity has a negative effect on the chance of committing harassment; two, social inequality has a reducing effect on the level of harassment; three, the average chance of occurring harassment in Sunni cities is higher than Shiite cities; four, the Iranian and Islamic identity has a negative effect on the chance of committing harassment, while, the Western identity has a positive one; five, there is an association between the frequency of harassment and membership in religious groups.

Forced immigrants and refugees are one of the vulnerable groups in reproductive health studies and policies. Reproductive health issues and challenges are more pronounced in irregular migration. Therefore, this article examines the reproductive health behaviors of Afghan immigrant women and its related socio-demographic factors. The data was collected through a survey and through a multi-stage sampling method with a sample size of 200 Afghan married women in Tehran province. The results indicated that unintended pregnancies, abortions, low access and using of contraceptive, and sexually transmitted diseases are reproductive health issues and challenges of Afghan immigrant women in Iran. In addition, the awareness and attitude of immigrant women towards various aspects of reproductive health is low. The results of multivariate analysis showed that adaptation, generational status, household socio-economic status, awareness and attitudes towards reproductive health have the greatest impact on the reproductive health behaviors of Afghan women. Hence, Afghan women migrants face limitations, both in terms of social acceptance and access to and health services. This situation can lead to a higher prevalence of diseases and high-risk reproductive health behaviors among immigrants. It is suggested to eliminate structural and cultural barriers to access reproductive health services for Afghan women.

Architecture in every society is influenced by the norms and values of that society. Iranian architecture is no exception to this rule and has evolved throughout its several thousand years of history in connection with Iranian culture and ways of life. Introversion and concealment in architecture, as well as the separation of interior and exterior in traditional houses, is one of the prominent features of Iranian architecture. In this article, we have discussed the relationship of this architectural manifestation with the social ethics of Iranians in the Qajar period and we are looking for the common roots of the dual inside and outside in Iranian architecture and personality in Iran's social conditions. The research method in this article is a historical interpretation based on the data obtained from the travelogues of European tourists. The findings of the research show that the social insecurity in the society, which itself was the result of factors such as authoritarian and arbitrary government methods, has been an effective factor in the formation of this spirit in people and subsequently in houses and other buildings, and this is due to the background The cultural values of Iranians have emerged in specific ways.

The chaos and rupture in everyday life caused by the corona virus and the home quarantine caused deep and intence changes in various realms of individual and public life. Taking the Covid-19 in its unique sociological sense as a window to understanding the social phenomena and taking the plurality and diversity of experiences into account, this article seeks to explore the experience of the Iranian family via the narratives of women. Applying a hermeneutic approach, we conduct content analysis to analyze the experience of the first home quarantine in 2020 of 23 married women aged 30 to 52 in two provinces of Tehran and Alborz, based on the data gathered using deep, semi-structured interviews. Formulating the meaning network of the Iranian family’s experience of dealing with the pandemic from a women’s perspective, we found four main meaning patterns: the feeling of abandonment and loneliness in the absence of the State; displacement and fusion of the family and the social everyday life spaces; women’s corporal devotion to home leading to the centralization of family; and the medical disempowerment in favor of family empowerment. Overall, findings show that dealing with the pandemic creates a rupture in the normal rhythm of life that exposes the individual to taking conscious actions, and while the disempowerment of the State, of stereotypes of the family, and of medication as a structure continue under the mortal pandemic, we witness the return of agency and the deconstruction of social and family life in a process of self-construction centered on family as a group.

Space is the dough that we,as social beings,try to build our lives in, through and around.the understanding of space has undergone several ruptures throughout the history of this concept.From Cartesian-Newtonian understanding as an absolute thing,to Leibniz's relative understanding, to Einstein's discontinuity,which led to the understanding of a relation of space.With the spatial turn of the 20th century, space/spatial matter came out of the shadow of time/historical matter.The current research is of a qualitative type,using documentary method and with a critical approach,to deeply examine the history of space-time, different paradigms in this field and their shortcomings.And finally, Latour's approach has been chosen to explain and reassembling the concept of space-time.Since space is nothing but the relationship between objects,in order to understand it accurately,we are forced to choose a paradigm that bases the ontology of a relationship at its fundamental level.Using Latour's concepts such as network, actors, the same human/non-human agency (ontological symmetry),black box, association and translation.We proposed a conceptual model that helps us in a more accurate and objective understanding of space-time.It can be said that in order to understand the space-time of a phenomenon, it is enough to examine its network .This leads us to relational ontology and flat sociology.

Investigating the relationship between law and society has always attracted the attention of researchers in the field of social sciences. Meanwhile, legal anthropology seeks to realize this importance and discover the legal mechanisms in the relationships between people, and in fact, the process of legal-judicialization in the culture of each Society investigates because rights play a very important role in organizing and regulating social relations between members of a social group. However, one of the main issues that can be raised in relation to legal anthropology in Iran is the issue of custom. This article aims to investigate the role and impact of custom in the filing of judicial cases, focusing on the prisoners of non-intentional crimes, for this purpose, a number of cases of Diyeh Headquarters have been examined in terms of the traces of custom, and interviews with 10 judges and lawyers in this regard. According to the results of this survey, issues such as abuse of trust between people, ignorance of the law, and criminalizations that are carried out in relation to some customs and traditions between ethnic groups, are among the most important customary axes of the judicial cases of prisoners of crimes. It is unintentional. Also, the issue of contracts between parties that have customary validity is considered one of the troublesome legal problems.

The purpose of the current research is to sociologically investigate the discourse of political currents regarding nuclear negotiations with the West. For this purpose, textual data and analyzes of reformist and fundamentalist newspapers in the last ten years (1390-1400) were selected using the sampling method of "acute case sampling" and were selected as the target population of the research.The findings of the discourse analysis (with the discourse analysis method of Laclau and Mouffe) indicated that the floating sign of "the political discourse of the reformist current in the nuclear negotiations" can be defined based on the central sign of "de-escalation", this sign is under the reformist discourse in the form of tenses. Or symbols such as "trust building", "interaction", "conversation", "transparency" and "achieving a political solution in order to achieve Iran's right to access peaceful nuclear technology" are blocked and formed around the mentioned main terms or signs in the articulation of this discourse. Is.The floating sign of "Political discourse of the fundamentalist trend regarding nuclear negotiations" can be defined based on the central sign of "confrontation" and in the form of periods or main signs such as "revision of foreign policy", "justice in acquiring nuclear technology", "implementation of aggressive policies". "Preserving and completing nuclear achievements" is blocked and in detailing this discourse, around the mentioned elements and signs, the semantic system of the said discourse on the subject of nuclear negotiations has been formed, which shows the diversity of discourse in foreign policy in the nuclear field,

Social movements have been pervasive phenomena in the last decade and have been called new social movements because of their networked and different nature. The current article has tried to provide a theoretical ideal type of protest actions as an analytical tool, by using the theoretical formulation of Miguel Ebensor and the theoretical descriptions of the theorists of the new movements. From the distinction between life movements / insurgent democracy, with the revolutionary moment / Insurrectionary democracy and reforms / Conflictual democracy. In order to reach this tool, the theoretical works done about the movements have been reviewed and empirically, it has benefited from the content analysis of the texts produced about the 1401 protests in Iran. In presenting the theoretical distinctions of the above three categories, the issue of Iran has been marginalized and the theoretical distinction of these three categories has been presented from the point of view of indicators such as starting point, message, nature, organization, forming groups, leadership and representation, involved places, Media and purpose.

Social Integration and solidarity is one of the important issues of multi-ethnicity and developing countries. This paper tries to understand the effective elements on the Salience of ethnic identity and its strengthening among Arabic-language speakers of Khuzestan. This research has been done by Interpretive-constructive approach and by quantitative method and for analyzing the data Grounded Theory has been used. Purposive and theoretical sampling has been used for selecting interviewees. To collecting data, we interviewed by 30 elites in Khuzestan. After doing open-coding, 12 axial codes presented. The results illustrate that Salience of the ethnic identity among Arabic people of Khuzestan is not against national identity and it is equal with the national identity. And also salience of ethnic identity is followed by some variables of politicized identity of ethnicity, the ethnic-race of cultural exclusion, the historical and continuous deprivation, the understood relative deprivation of ethnicity, the anti-government ethnic internalized unpleasantness, the ethnic identity seeking, rational ethnic identity making, ethnic seizure of space and geography and the ethnic and identity delimitation.

The formation of the ISIS terrorist, in addition to ideological, jurisprudential and theological aspects, owes to the foundations and political origins, especially from the decades of It started at the beginning of the 20th century and expanded with the beginning of the 21st century. The main purpose of this article is to deal with the "most important early and late political origins" of the formation of ISIS . In the course of the research, it has been tried to collect and analyze the findings with descriptive, historical and analytical and documentary-library research methods, as well as using a combination of "unequal power" and "religion against religion" theories. In the main body, an attempt has been made to analyze the role of the most important in the emergence of ISIS; The origins that at the beginning (and after the first international war), by disrupting the balance of power between the religion of Islam and the religions of the Western-Eastern axis and the contradiction and conflict emanating from its interior, It led to the formation and development of modern Salafist fundamentalist movements (as a context for the formation of ISIS). And in the second place (from the early years of the 20th century) by turning the aforementioned unequal authority into the unequal authority of ISIS and other Islamic sects (in general) and ISIS and Shiism (in particular) and intensifying the war of religion against religion, to the development And strengthening this organization and its development helped a lot.

If it is to talk about a less known geographical area which has not been so far outside of the common representation system, how is then one supposed to bring a province like Ilam and its association with suicide into discourse and draw on its representation. The present research seeks to explain the fact that whatever happened in this area after the governmental interference since 1340s, caused a new form of emergence and deepening of a social problem; In a way that, in the second half of the present century it was the boundless governmental interference in the society which resulted in intensifying a social problem in a new level. Such cities, considering the formative and developmental logic they have gone through, didn’t have the capacity to create that kind of substantive and emotional resilience to admit the failure experience and injury and give the subject an opportunity to test and understand maturity relying on such injuries and failures. The missing point regarding this government-made city in this part of Iran is the resilience capacity against the painful and inevitable experiences of the everyday life.

The world experienced by women following being appointed to a managerial post is the starting point of this study. It should benoted that the factors distancing women from managerial posts never vanish following managerial post is occupied by women. Instead, we can observe atransformation in the effects of those factors. Stereotypes, gender orientation, and different socialization of women and men right after birth are followed by their different roles in society and different definitions of these roles, sexual assault and minor sexual oppression towards women, and power inequality betweenthe two genders in both society and family, all these factors remain following women’sascension to managerial posts in new yet intangible forms. Considering these factors, this study tries to provide a precise narrative following their ascension. In order to achieve this goal, I had a deep interview with 15 women in middle managerial posts in generative sections of different sections of the Ministry of Industry, Mine, and Trade scattered over the country. Utilizing the theories of socialization, gender inequality, sexual assault, and power, I have categorized and analyzed the experiences of the interviewees: Incompatibilityand conflict between gender roles and job expectations, genderdiscrimination, stigma, job insecurity, organization’s inclination to maintainpower inequality, isolation, and sexual assault.

نوشتار مبدأ849 / 5000نتایج ترجمهThe imposed war is intertwined with the history, geography and socio-political structures of Iran. On the other hand, the main slogans of the political system have been formulated based on the teachings and values ​​derived from this event in the last thirty years. The present study uses hybrid theories of identity while describing the identity of young people through the eight-year war of the Holy Defense to explain its relationship with ethnic, national, religious and political identity. Research data were collected by a questionnaire by random cluster sampling (sample size 384 people). The statistical population is youth (age group 18 to 29 years) in Rasht. According to the research findings: Identification through the Eight-Year War Holy Defense has a significant and direct relationship with national, religious, ethnic and political identity, and the use of communication media has the opposite effect on the identity of young people through the Eight-Year War. Sacred Defense Religious identification also has the greatest impact on the identification of young people through the Eight-Year War of Sacred Defense

This paper discusses the situation of social policy in Iran under the rule of the modern state through the spatial coverage of the social security system. The investigation using documentary and a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods has considered the inequality amongst provinces under the shadow of social security which in the recent century has led to a situation of the center-peripheries. Territorial centralism of the modern state and consequently the Tehran-axial which itself mutually fosters centralism and center-peripheral inequality, a system of planning from above and distribution of occupation opportunities, industry and services, and the allocation of social policy-making, economic and welfare resources based on the capital in the period of Pahlavi state and its continuation into the period of the Islamic Republic has resulted in spatial imbalance and reduction and stabilization of the political-economic and social situation of marginal regions which so-called the peripheries. Inequality and distance between regions in the shape of center-peripheries has led to the imbalance in the coverage of the social security system throughout the country since the social security system and its insurances expand following the cycle of industries, employment and services.

Shortly after the cultural traumas occur, the politics of memory evolves among cultural groups/nations involved. This policy has had a profound effect on the thoughts and memories of different segments of the population, especially historians. On the other hand, every king and ruler considers part of his cultural power to create and control archives. Uremia massacre in the first world war, global collective trauma & major global cultural trauma, and the most important Memorial Day among all the Assyrian Diaspora. the present study explores the different narratives of the Uremia Massacre recorded by the iranian and foreign priests, soldiers, missionaries and diplomats. The narratives of this suffering can be classified into three categories: humiliating, hostile, and moderate. The humiliating narrative of the Muslims, the narration of the middle Kurds and the Ottoman armies, the narrative of the hostile Assyrians, Armenians and the Russian and British armies are portrayed as evil. In these narrations, they were accompanied by deceived, defenseless, infidel and mercenary codes. In fact, the Assyrians are even subalter to the Jews in terms of the social, economic, and cultural level of their communities & diasporas. on the other hand, Governments are responsible for the massacre and are taking extensive measures to collective amnesia about the cultural trauma. These factors have led to the continuation of the evil-based politics of the memory and the elimination-based politics of the archive in relation to their identities.

This research explores the relationship between "flexible work" and "dematerialization" in the context of the digital economy, focusing on Snapp Ride and its driver users. In order to achieve this goal, an extensive examination of the concept of flexible work as a global proposition in the context of the digital economy has been conducted, aiming to identify the tangible representation of these emerging coordinates in the legal position of drivers in the Snapp system, thereby enabling the understanding and description of the resulting behaviors. First, the historical background in which the expansion of the knowledge system made it possible for major economic approaches to enter the digital economy in present-day Iran is briefly described. Then, the other claim of the global digital economy, namely Dematerialization, is evaluated within the framework of the Snapp transportation service to understand the dimensions of this service. After a critical analysis of the discourse that naturalizes the role of technology in this platform-based transportation service, the claim of flexible work is reviewed. The theoretical concepts surrounding flexible work from opposing perspectives are examined, and ultimately, a linguistic approach is employed to provide a detailed description of the legal framework that has made the realization of flexible work hegemony possible. Finally, we have addressed the underlying layers of the discourse on flexibility or the resulting actions related to the workforce referred to as driver users, highlighting the issues that require precision and sensitivity in scientific research.