Shenakht Journal of Psychology and Psychiatry
Year:2017 | Volume:3 | Issue:4 |Papers Count:8

Introduction: Since the teenage years are of the most important and sensitive stages of evolution, the social and individual characteristics within these eras have been paid into attention by several authors.Purpose: Present study was conducted to compare early maladaptive schemas, body image concerns and attribution styles among the teenagers with social anxiety and normal teenagers.Method: the present study is a descriptive casual-comparative work. Hence, a number of 220 students (110 ones with social anxiety disorder and 110 normal ones) were chosen and compared by multistage cluster sampling method from high schools of Karaj. Both groups completed Young’s Schema Questionnaire, Body Image Concerns Questionnaire, Attribution Style Questionnaire and Social Phobia Inventory. The data was analysed using the methods descriptive statistics and independent t-test and stepwise regression.Results: the findings showed that the individuals with social anxiety have a more negative attitude to their body compared to normal ones. There is a significant difference between the normal teenagers and those with social anxiety in terms of directedness, vigilance and impaired limits while no significant difference was observed in terms of impaired autonomy and performance, disconnection and rejection. In addition, insignificant differences were found for the variable internal/external attribution styles while significant ones were found in terms of stability/instability and specific/general position.Conclusion: The findings indicate that the individuals with social anxiety have a more negative attitude to appearance specifications and inefficiency attribution styles. This factor causes to intensify social anxiety symptoms among such teenagers. Since this disorder prevents growth of interpersonal skills in the relationships with the peers, the researchers are proposed to develop interventional/educational packages to offer psychological supports for the teenagers with such a disorder.

Introduction: Mindfulness is a new concept which has been paid into attention in recent years for treatment of many psychiatric disorders, psychiatrists and psychologists. Using the techniques of mindfulness involves using additional information on how the components of mindfulness act in each psychological disorders. The aim of this study was to compare components of mindfulness in three groups of patients with major depression, generalized anxiety disorder and normal individuals.Materials and Methods: The study universe included all patients with major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety disorder who were referred to counseling center in Tehran. Of these, 30 patients with a diagnosis of major depressive disorder and 30 patients with a diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder were selected by convenience sampling. A group of 30 normal subjects who were free of major depressive disorder and generalized anxiety University of Medical Sciences were selected from the staff. People in all three groups (depressed, anxious and normal) in terms of age, gender, lack of physical illness and lack of other mental diseases were matched. The instruments used in this study included the Beck Depression Inventory, Spielberger State Anxiety Inventory, and five components of mindfulness and health assessment questionnaire Memphis, Pisa, Paris and San Diego. In order to analyze the research data, descriptive statistics mean and standard deviation and inferential statistics multivariate analysis of variance MANOVA)) and Tukey tests were used.Results: The results showed that among the three groups, there are significant differences in the components of mindfulness. In other words, the components observe, describe and act with awareness among anxious and depressed patients and normal people. A significant difference was seen in terms of non-judgmental mindfulness, among depressed, anxious and dianxious patients and normal individuals. Also, in terms of the component lack of reaction, the difference was significant between groups the groups anxious-depressed, anxious-normal and depressed-normal. Also, the depressed people gained a higher score in affective temperament scales compared to anxious and normal ones and difference of these scores was significant in terms of cyclothymia and irritability.Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that anxious and depressed patients have a poorer functioning compared to normal people in terms of mindfulness and their affective temperament scores were far higher than those of normal people. Therefore, the mindfulness-based treatments can facilitate the treatment process and improve symptoms of such patients, emphasizing on these components.

Background: This is an analytical-descriptive study aimed to evaluate the relations of self-esteem, demographic variables, psychiatric diagnosis, and Frequency of hospitalization with mental illness stigma in psychiatric patients of Ghods hospital of Sanandaj, 2014.Method: Among all patient who have the inclusion criteria, those who admit informed consent (152 participant), complete questionnaires and other needed information’s. Then other necessary data’s were gives from the psychiatric documentations of the patients. Measures are Rosenberg’s self-esteem Scale, Stigma scale. The 20th version of SPSS software was used to analyzing data’s and it did through these statistical analyses: Pearson’s Coloration Coefficient, independent T test, and One-way ANOVA.Findings: The results shows that it doesn’t any significant relations between age, gender, vocation, psychiatric diagnosis, duration and also frequency of hospitalization with stigma of mental illness but a significant negative correlation (-0.42) find between self-esteem and stigma.Conclusion: It seems that stigma is a cultural variable and has a little associations with variables such as age, gender, vocation, psychiatric diagnosis, duration and also frequency of hospitalization. It may be that have other determinants that correlated with negative self-esteem.

Introduction: Sexual dysfunction is one the psychological effects of a hysterectomy.The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive behavior therapy on sexual dysfunction after hysterectomy in women referred to Besat hospital in Sanandaj.Materials and Methods: design of this study was experimental study (before and after with control groups). The population includes women in Sanandaj who they referred to Besat hospital during the past year that undergoing hysterectomy. Cognitive therapy was also conducted in several sessions and FSFI questionnaire was applied for measuring sexual function in women. The samples of this study 60 participants (30 control and 30 experimental groups) were randomly selected.Results: The results showed that CBT training has significantly affect (p£0001) on sexual dysfunction.Conclusion: The results showed that cognitive-behavioral therapy impact on women's sexual satisfaction

Introduction: The aim of the study was to determine the difference between mentalcognitive organizing of Rorschach In people with gender dysphoria disorder and nonpatients.Materials and Methods: In this study 28 patients with gender dysphoria disorder and 28 control group participants, the available sampling procedure, according to demographic characteristics matched as much as possible, were selected. Subjects using the Rorschach test, in accordance with the comprehensive system Exner, individually, were evaluated.Results: The results showed that among people with gender dysphoria disorder and nonpatients, the variables Zf, Zsum, there was a significant difference.Conclusion: The results indicate that both variables in individuals who have shown a lower rate than non-sufferers. Which may be indicative of a mental limitations or reluctance on the complexity of the irritant. It seems that non patients compared to people with gender dysphoria have more cognitive effort in organizing the exhibit conditions and environmental stimuli. Which ultimately leads to more successful and efficient operation and better compatibility.

Introduction: The contributing factors of neural pressure and job stress exist in everyone’s life including heart diseases, high blood pressure, digestive diseases, neural and mental disorders, imbalance to make useful communications, absence and displacement, and increased wastes and accidents lead to job stress and burnout.Purpose: Present research aimed to evaluate the role of resilience to reduce job stress and burnout among employees of Iranian workers in satellite project of Iran offshore Oil Company. The research tools were Maslesh Burnout Inventory (MBI), Connor- Davidson Resilience Scale and HSE Management Standards Indicator Tool. Pearson’s correlation and regression analysis were used for data analysis.Results: The results indicated that the resilience has a negative and significant correlation with the components emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and total score of job burnout in terms of both frequency and severity while it has a positive and significant correlation to personal performance. Also, the resilience was shown to be negatively correlated with the components control, the colleague’s support, the manager’s support, communication, role, change and total score of job stress. In addition, there was a high correlation between subscales of job stress, as well.Conclusion: The analysis results revealed that the resilience can predict 24% of variance of frequency and job burnout while it can predict 18% of job stress variance.

Introduction: since development of an organization considerably requires accurate hiring of human resources, their job satisfaction has been paid into attention in psychological studies.Purpose: The present study was conducted to predict job satisfaction based on personality type and perceived social support.Method: The statistical universe included all employees of Iran Khodro Car Making Company except the management categories (top managers, senior managers, directors, supervisors and night shoft workers). A sample size of 120 individuals was selected using cluster sampling method. The research tools included Smith’s Job Satisfaction Questionnaire, NEO Five-Factor Inventory and Bruwer’s Scale of Perceived Social Support. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used for data analysis.Results: The results indicated that neuroticism has a positive correlation with job promotion and extraversion has a positive correlation with family support, friends support, total score of social support, nature of work component, supervision and total score of job satisfaction. Agreeableness has a positive correlation with friends’ support, nature of work component, supervision and colleagues while it has a negative correlation with the component salary and benefits. Flexibility has a positive correlation with family support, total score of social support, nature of work and colleagues. Accountability has a positive correlation with family support, total score of social support, nature of work component and job satisfaction while family support had a significant correlation with none of the components of job satisfaction. The friends’ support has a positive correlation with nature of work, supervision, colleagues and total score of job satisfaction while it has a negative correlation with the component salary and benefits. The others’ support has a positive correlation with the components supervision, nature of work, salary and benefits and total score of job satisfaction while it has a negative correlation with the components job promotion and colleagues.Conclusion: based on regression analysis results, the components friends’ support and social support could explain job satisfaction among predictor variable (five personality factors and social support). The components extraversion and neuroticism could explain the salary and benefits. The components agreeableness and friends’ support could explain the salary and benefits. The components friends’ support, others’ support and agreeableness explained the component supervision. The variables friends’ support, social support and flexibility explained the colleagues. The variables neuroticism, flexibility and extraversion explain the component job promotion.

Introduction: One of the most important factors of achievement motivation and academic achievement of children with special learning disorders. Children with specific learning disorders as well as many educational failure are pessimistic attribution style The current study intended to examine the effectiveness of group attributional retraining on achievement motivation and attributional style of children specific learning disabilities in Tehran.Method: This study utilized a quasi-experimental design with pretest-posttest and control group. Using purposive and convenience sampling method, 30 individuals (18 male and 12 female) and (age=8-12) were selected from all students with learning disabilities in Tehran (2015-2016), and they were equally assigned into two groups (experimental and control). The experimental group received group attributional retraining for 11 sessions of 45 minutes in six weeks while the control group only received the regular education in learning disabilities centers. Before and after the intervention, Children Attributional Style Questionnaire, and Hermans Achievement Motivation Questionnaire were administered for both groups. In this research data using SPSS version 20, using descriptive and analytical statistics were analyzed.Results: resulted in a significant increase achievement motivation and improved optimistic attributional style and reduced pessimistic attributional style in students with learning disabilities in experimental group. And there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the findings, one may conclude that attributional retraining may increase achievement motivation and improved optimistic attributional style and reduced pessimistic attributional style in students with specific learning disabilities.