Year:2002 | Volume:- | Issue:12|Papers Count:9

The purpose of this research is to describe and compare the viewpoints of principals, physical education teachers and students about qualitative and Quantitative status of physical education at Jahrom guidance schools and high schools. The statistical community of the research includes: principals, physical education teacher and students (girls and boys) at Jajrom guidance schools and high schools. The statistical sample include all the principals, all the physical education teachers and 5% of students. The measurement instrument is 3 questionnaires: 1) principals questionnaire 2) physical education te1WhefSquestionnaire 3) students questionnaire. To assess the qualitative and quantitative status of physical education. The 3 groups viewpoints were utilized. To assess the principals, cooperation, the physical education teachers and students viewpoints were utilized. The validity coefficient of the 3 questionnaires, calculated by Alph Coronbach, is α=0.87 for principals questionnaire and a = 0.84 for physical education teachers and students. The analysis of the data by descriptive statistics, ANOVA and Median test, showed that qualitative and quantitative status of physical education at schools under study doesn't enjoy a suitable condition. The principals' cooperation with this course is not strong enough at schools. There are a statistical meaningful relation among the 3 groups" viewpoints about quantitative status and importance of physical education.

The present study is aimed at investigation the probable relationship between athletic background and bum - out by the three variables of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment among Tehran's female speed and endurance runners (N= 60). The subjects were divided into two groups of 30 according to their athletic specialization (speed and endurance). Their burn- out was measured through Maslach Bum-out Inventory (MBI) in three levels of low, moderate, and high and then compared using descriptive analyses. The relationship between the obtained bum-out and the athletes" athletic background was evaluated by the use of Pearson Correlation model. The results revealed that the two groups suffer moderate levels of bum-out in the two variables of Emotional (EE), Depersonalization (DP) and low levels of Pearson Accomplishment (PA). In comparison, Tehran's female endurance runners were more burned-out in EE and DP than their counterparts however, speed runners showed greater amounts of bum-out considering their PA. The correlation analysis showed a negative relationship between EE, DP and athletic background in Tehran's female endurance lunners and a positive relationship between PA and athletic background in Tehran's female speed runners.

To Examine the relationship between self-esteem and sport achievement among athletes, 157 participants as members of Tehran first group clubs, (81 Footballers, 76 wrestlers) were included randomly in this study. All 157 subjects were asked to complete the Coopersmith Self-Esteem measurement. To measure sport achievement, athletes" coaches were asked to rate the sport Achievement Scale. The results revealed that there is a positive relation between self-esteem and sport achievement, for both footballers and wrestlers. Footballers showed higher self-esteem and sport achievement than wrestlers did.

The Purpose of this research is to compare the effect of interval training and that of steady method on mascular, local endurance and hypodermatic fat and circumference of abdomen in non-athletic girls. In the research, 36 athletic girls participated in 2 groups (interval and steady trainings) for 2 months and twice a week. Their range of age was from 18 to 22 years. In pre-test and post-test the circumferenc, hypodermatic fat and mascular endurance of abdoment were measured. The independent and dependent T tests and SPSS Win95 software were used for statistical analysis which showed that although the interval and steady trainings resulted in an increase in mascular endurance of abdomen, the steady training had more effect. The interval and steady training didn't result in a reduction in circumference of abdomen. But this type of training resulted in a reduction in the local fat in abdomen and specially, the interval training had more effect in this regard.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of in-season cease of weigh training on performance of 30 young male aged 16-20 who were sampled randomly. In the beginning of training program, running velocity, muscle strength and anaerobic Power were measured. After 12 weeks of sprint and weight training, pretest was performed and the athletes were divided to control (CON) and experimental (EXP) matched groups, based on their records. The EXP group continued only sprint training and stopped weight training for weeks. But CON group continued sprint and weight training. Post - test was performed at the end of this period. Detraining was considered as an independent variable while sprinters performances, anaerobic power and muscles strength as dependent variables. 45m and 100m sprint tests, squat, bench press and vertical jump were used for determining of variations of sprinters performance. In order to compare the group, independent-t and paired-t tests were used for statistical analysis. The running velocity and strength of upper body and lower body of CON and EXP groups was significantly different (P<0.05). Running velocity increased in CON group (4.28%) but was not significantly different in EXP group (0.07%). In CON group the strength of upper body (13.7%) and lower body (19.20%) in creased in post-test, but strength of upper body (10.26%) and lower body (8.44%) decreased in EXP group. Anaerobic power of CON and EXP groups was significantly different (P<0.05). It decreased significantly in CON group (6.4%) but it was not significantly decreased in EXP group.

Although our ancestors were exposed to physical and infectious diseases, today their major problems and diseases are allocated to mental disorders. Considering the spread of mental disorders in the society, specially among female university students who are the future mothers and crucial members in the society, this research tries to compare the level of mental health between athletic university students and non-athletic ones in Al-Zahra University. It also tends to compare the level of mental health among students of AI-Zahra faculties. In the research, the general health questionnaire (GHQ-28) was used to measure the level of university students' mental health 260 testes among AI-Zahra university students were selected randomly from all the faculties. The statistical method, used to investigate and compare the average of athletic community with that of non-athletic one, was T test. Results indicate that there is a meaningful difference between body signals, anxiety, sleep disorder, disorder in social efficiency and depression of athletic university students, and those of non-athletic ones. Also, in comparison with other university students, the students of Physical Education Faculties enjoy more suitable conditions regarding mental health and its four fold analogies.

The purpose of this study is the description of the time, location, type of activities and the amount of the Iranian woman citizens' leisure time. Identification of their interest in leisure time activities, type of daily, weekly and annual activities, and the relation between the satisfaction of their leisure time and their children, level of education, time spending for physical activities in leisure time, the reason of exercising or not exercising, and the relation between the leisure time and physical exercises are the main part of this study. The statistical population included all the women between 20 to 65 years old who were citizens and 80% of them were selected randomly as the statistical samples and the questionnaire has been distributed and collected between/from them (R=80). The results of this study showed that 70% of the population was undergraduate or had high school diploma and the average of their children were 3. They had 3.8 hours daily as leisure time and their most activities were watching television with 132 minutes as average. Gaping and resting were other ways to pass their leisure time. One forth of them was satisfied by the way they pass over their leisure time. 43.5% perform physical exercises for their pleasure and the lack of time or not habituated were the preventing factors to perform physical exercises. There was a significant relation between their weekly physical exercises and the leisure time. The relation between the number of children and the level of education and the time they spend for physical exercise had a variable significant to be satisfied by their leisure time. There was a significant relation between the leisure time of the women who lived in central provinces with those who lived in other cities of the provinces, as the women lived in other cities of the provinces had more leisure time. Higher education and also decreasing the number of children as well as the physical exercises facilities can persuade the women to perform physical exercises.

This investigation was performed to study the effects of wrestling exercises in 90% - 95% heart rate reserve(HRR) and 80% - 85% HRR strength during pre-competitive and competitive seasons on CD4+ and CD8+ Iymphocytes, CD4/CD8 ratio, white blood cells (WBC) numbers and percent age of Iymphocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils and cortisol concentration of young wrestlers. For this purpose 37 young wrestler were divided in to two groups using random sampling. The test group performed a special protocol of exercises during pre-competitive (12 weeks) and competitive season (4 weeks).The control group did not participate in any exercise. The peripheral blood was obtained in the end of each season before thd competition and two weeks after finishing the exercises in resting situation and the mentioned factors were investigated in their blood. The obtained results showed in resting condition both groups were similar considering the selected cell immune factors and cortisol concentration of serum. The results of this long-term study showed that cell immunity componets and serum cortisol of young wrestlers are influenced by severity of exercises and their immune system can be suppressed.