DANESHVAR MEDICINE
Year:2007 | Volume:15 | Issue:71|Papers Count:17

Introduction & Objective: Previous studies have shown that ES cells could be induced to differentiate into neurons and gelia in vitro. Induction protocols are based on culture in the presence of an inducer such as RA. In this study, the effect of deprenyl on the differentiation of embryonic stem cells (ES) cells to neuron-like cells was investigated. Deprenyl is a type B monoamine oxidase inhibitor which has been used for treatment of Parkinson's disease.The drug protects neurons in a variety of modes, by inducing neurotrophin expression, it causes neuritis outgrowth. These raised the possibility of a direct effect of deprenyl on pleuripotent ES to develop into neurons.Materials & Methods: Cells of an embryonic stem cell line (CCE) were cultured as aggregates (embryoid bodies) then, they were exposed to a concentration of 10-8M deprenyl. CCE was used to evaluate the induction of neuronal differentiation by deprenyl. Morphological and immunohistochemical techniques were used to evaluate the differentiation of CCE cells In addition to the Cresyl violet used for morphological study, antinestin antibody was applied to characterize the neuroepithelial differentiation. Moreover, anti-synaptophysin and anti-tyrosine hydroxylase antibodies were used to characterize the neuronal phenotype of ESCs.Results: The results indicated that the concentration of 10-8M deprenyl could induce the differentiation of ESCs into neurons.

Introduction & Objective: Considering the incidence of meconium in amniotic fluid and its complications, this study was based on indirect reports which pointed out the relationship between nucleated red blood cell (nRbC) (as a marker of chronic hypoxia) and Meconium - stained Amniotic Fluid (MSAF) in term newborns.Materials & Methods: In order to determine this relationship more accurately women with uncomplicated singleton term pregnancy who were admitted for delivery in Hazrat Zeinab Hospital from October 2004 to 2005 participated in this study. After excluding confounding factors on nRbc (Diabetics - EryhTroblastosis ...) the case group including infants with MSAF and control group with clear amniotic fluid was separated. Maternal age and parity, gastational age, birth weight, apgar score, neonatal outcome and Fetal heart rate (FHR) patterns as well as newborn's Hb values were evaluated. Next, the cord blood was analyzed for nRBC count per 100WBC.Case and control groups were divided according to nRBC counts and then were statistically compared.Result: Fifty two cases and 47 controls were evaluated. There was significant difference (p<0.05) between the numbers of riRBCper 100 WBC in the control (8.191±8.73) and case (9.98±8.59) groups. There was no positive relationship between nRBC numbers and the first and fifth minute apgar score, new born's Hb, maternal age gravity and parity. Conclusion: The number of cord blood nRBC increased when meconium passed intrauterine. This suggests that cases with MSAF may be at risk of chronic hypoxia.Further studies are recommended to study the effect of delivery mode on the neonatal outcome in cases with MSAF and to evaluate the number of total hypoxia in uncomplicated pregnancy with MSAF.

Introduction: Unicystic ameloblastoma is a subtype of ameloblastoma with some differences in clinical behavior such as lesser recurrence rate and aggressiveness. This lesion has 3 types: luminal, intraluminal and mural. The diagnosis of unicystic ameloblastoma is based on histopathology and radiological characteristics.Objective: This study attempts to determine the prevalence of unicystic ameloblastoma and its relationship with age, gender and the location of unicystic ameloblastoma subtypes.Material & Methods: This retrospective and case series study was performed in oral and maxillofacial pathology in pathology department of dentistry faculty of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in which medical records of the patients were assessed from 1967 to 2004. The age, gender and location of unicystic ameloblastomas were registered from medical records and analyzed by SPSS software. Based on the histopathology pattern, studied cases were classified into luminal, intraluminal and mural.Results: The findings of this study demonstrated that 30 (57/7%) lesions were in men and 22 (42/3%) in women; Moreover, 51 (98/1%) located in mandible and 1 (1/9%) in maxilla. The age range (35/3%) was 20-30. On the basis of lesions variation, 75% of lesions were mural, 7/7% intramural and 17/3% luminal.Conclusion: The prevalence of unicystic ameloblastoma was prominent in men, mandible and third decades of the life. The investigation on the biologic behavior of this lesion is an important step for detecting various existing pattern of unicystic ameloblastoma.

Introduction: Fear has caused increase in the caesarean rate. Taking into consideration the numerous maternal and fetus complications of pharmacological analgesia method, mothers tend to use nonpharmacological methods. One of these methods to relieve labor pain is acupuncture.Objective: In this study the effect of acupuncture on labor pain was investigated.Materials &Methods: Women were divided into two groups of 30: true and sham acupuncture groups. In group A, 12 acupuncture spots were used in the active phase of labor and in group B, 6 hypothetical spots were used to relieve the labor pain and duration. The intensity of labor pain was assessed before acupuncture, half an hour, one hour, and two hours after acupuncture, also within two hours after delivery through VAS.Results: The results indicated that there is no statistically significant difference between group A and group B regarding the intensity of pain and relaxation before acupuncture, half an hour, one and two hours after acupuncture and two hours after the delivery. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) for the intensity of pain in group A between cases before and after (half an hour, one and 2 hours) acupuncture tests and between cases in one and 2 hours after acupuncture tests. Moreover, same results were obtained for group B. Conclusion: Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that acupuncture does not influence, on delivery pain and duration, however it is effective on mothers relaxation, especially an hour after true acupuncture.

Introduction: Human growth hormone (HGH) is very important pharmaceutical substance which is used as an absolute cure for different diseases that is why the production of HGH recombinant is taken into consideration not only nationally but also internationally. Many different methods and host systems have been used as growth hormone factories.Finding new and efficient hosts for recombinant molecules production have always played a major role in gene-expression researches. During the last decade the production of recombinant pharmaceutical proteins in plants, especially those that are pharmaceutically or nutritionally important and valuable; like alfalfa, have been considered crucial. Objective: The aim of this research was to evaluate of the potential of alfalfa, a fast growing plant for production of a recombinant protein.Materials & Methods: Transformation method was Agroinfiltration (gene transfer via Agrobacterium under vacuum condition) in which an HGH expression vector was transferred to alfalfa leaves within 6 different durations (5, 10, 15, 20, 30 and 35 minutes). The produced HGH was determined by HGH ELISA kit and western blot.Results: The best expression was gained within 30 minute vacuum for 3 days, while plants were preserved in 25°C and 16 hours of 6000-8000 lux light as daylight and 8 hours of darkness photoperiod. The TSP (Total Soluble Protein) was 0.1%.Conclusion: It can be concluded that alfalfa may be used as an interesting factory for the production of recombinant proteins like pharmaceuticals and vaccines. As this method is relatively fast, easy and economical, it is one of the best systems to check and control plant and expression vector before spending resources on stable transformation.

Introduction: Cholelithiasis is a common disease. Since about 10 to 15 percent of choletithiasis patients have CBD (Common Bile Duct) stone as well as, the detection of CBD stone seems crucial in these patients.Regarding to cholodocholithiasis the stone is extracted by ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangio Pancreatography) and then, cholecystectomy is performed. The remaining CBD stone may cause serious complications after cholecystectomy. Thus, the sensivity of ultrasonography has become a controversial issue for detecting the sensivity and specificity of ultrasonography in diagnosing CBD stone.Objective: In this study the sensivity of ultrasonography in diagnosing CBD stones was investigated as compared to the common method of I.O.C (Intra Operative Cholangiography). The mentioned indicators and T-test were also applied to obtain minor goals.Materials & Methods: Ultrasonography was performed on 170 choletithiasis patients before L.C (Laparoscopic Cholecystechtomy).Then, blood level of T-Bill. (Total Bilirubin), D-Bil (Direct Bilirubin), Alk-P (Alkaline Phosphatase) SGOT, and SGPT were measured. Later on, cholangiography was carried out for all samples during L.C. Data were analyzed using SPSS software.Thus, the sensivity and specificity of ultrasonography were determined by using evaluating indicators of predicting the whole test.Results: The sensivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of ultrasonography were 30.3%,24.2%,55.6% and 84.9%, respectively. The blood level of Alk-P, and T-Bit (p<.05) increased significantly in case that CBD stone was existed. While, there was a negative correlation for SGOT and SGPT.Conclusion: Due to the insignificant results obtained from ultrasonography in detection of CBD stone, it can be concluded that mere negative findings of ultrasonography cannot rule out the existence of the stone. I-OC is also recommended to make us certain about the stone. A further study in future seems crucial to compare the complications of remained CBD stone to those of cholangiography.

Introduction: Many studies were done about effect of varnishes on reducing of mocroleakage in amalgam restorations. Fluoride – containing varnishes often use for treatment of dentin hypersensivity from cervical erosive lesions, and for fluoride therapy instead of fluoride containing mouthwashes and gels. Usually, this type of varnishes isn't used as cavity varnishes.Objective: In this research, we used fluoride - containing varnishes (Fluoroprotector) as cavity varnishes and compare its microleakage with Simia teb, Harvard and Pishro varnishes.Materials &Methods: Thirty enrooted human sound human premolars were used and divided to 5 experimental groups. In 4 groups, we used 4 type of above varnishes and in 5th group or control group no varnish was used Class V cavity with 3*2*1.5mm was prepared on buccal and lingual surfaces of each tooth, and terminate the number of cases were 60. Cavities were filled with amalgam, and then put in termocycler devise. Finally, sections with buccolingual dimension were prepared. The microleakages in occlusal and gingival walls of restorative cavities were studies.Results: The results of this study showed that Pishro and Fluoroprotector Varnishes have better rate of microleakage than other groups in occlusal and gingival walls.

Introduction & Objective: The main aim of this study was to study of knowledge and attitude level of dentistry in Iran regarding dental health services in therapeutic and health networks of Iran in 1997-98.Materials & Methods: The knowledge and attitude level of 2054 dental students from 14 dental faculties assessed via a questioner form contained 21 questions about knowledge and 10 question about attitude. The students who had answered to 11 questions from 21 ones were scored as "weak level of knowledge. The level of their attitude categorized into 5 levels: 1) Absolutely agreed, 2) Agreed, 3) No idea, 4) Disagreed, 5) absolutely disagreed. Collected information analyzed by EPI6 soft ware.Results: The results of this study showed that 82.1% of students had weak level of knowledge and their attitude level was classified to five groups as follow: 53.7% absolutely agreed, 8.3% no idea, 0.1% disagreed and 0.3% absolutely disagreed. Dentistry Faculty of University of Mashhad with 98.3% had best level of knowledge while Dentistry Faculty of University of Ahwaz with 0% had lowest level of knowledge. Conclusion: Results of this study revealed that although the level of knowledge of dental students was weak but their attitudes were good.

Introduction: The military persons that were exposed to war-zone trauma are at risk of developing PTSD that can impair their psychosocial ability.Many Iranian soldiers are stricken with PTSD and haunted in sanitarium. Occupational therapy has had a positive effect on psychiatric patients. Objective: In this study the effects of occupational therapy were evaluated on PTSD veterans.Materials & Methods: In a controlled clinical trial, 20 patients from a psychiatric sanitarium were selected and randomly divided into two treatment and non-treatment groups (10 persons each). After psychiatric interview and occupational evaluation using Functional Assessment Inventory and Preliminary Diagnostic Questionnaire, regular vocational program was performed for the treatment group, whereas sham program was introduced to the control group. At the end of study (6 months), the occupational positions and psychiatries symptoms were evaluated in two groups.Results: The age mean and disability percentage of both groups were similar. At the end of study in contrast to the control group all members of treatment group were employed. The findings showed remarkable improvement in treatment group after occupational therapy. Conclusion: Occupational therapy is efficient in diminishing the psychiatric symptoms of PTSD patients.

Introduction: Chronic anal fissure is associated with anal hypertonia and considerable pain. Internal sphincter pressure decreases with surgical procedures or medical agents. Numerous clinical studies have evaluated the effectiveness of multiple drugs.Objective: This study compared the efficacy of diltiazem 2% compared to glycerol trinitrate 0.2% for chemical sphincterotomy. Materials & Methods: In a prospective, double-blind trial, 104 patients suffering from chronic anal fissure were randomly and equally distributed to two groups which received either glycerol trinitrate or diltiazem, both drugs were applied topically to the perianal region for 8 weeks. Variables including the percentage of healing and control of pain, complications, recurrence, and the need for complementary means of treatment were assessed. In both groups, constipation was controlled with dietary fiber or psyllium. All the patients were assessed after 2, 4, 6 and 8 weeks and later on after one year. Results: Healing of the fissure occurred in 46 patients (88%) of diltiazem group and 30 patients (57%) of nitroglycerin group after 8 weeks (p<0.04).Headache was experienced by 20 patients (38%) of nitroglycerin group and 3 patients (5.7%) of diltiazem group (p<0.04). Flushing was observed in 2 patients (3.8%) of nitroglycerin group and none of the patients of the diltiazem group (p<0.1). The recurrence of the fissure was similar in two groups.Conclusion: Diltiazem ointment used as an agent for chemical sphincterotomy for chronic anal fissure offers significant healing rates. Nevertheless, it did not have a significant side-effect profile. Thus, it is preferable to the similar ointment i.e. nitroglycerin.

Introduction: Human immunodeficiency virus is the etiologic agent of immune system deficiency and the infected patients are susceptible to opportunistic infections and AIDS. Transmission of infection during blood transfusion and diagnosis of infection in hospitals and public health settings have steadily been a worldwide concern. Different techniques are now available for the diagnosis of HIV infection. ELISA detection system is used in the diagnosis of antibodies. In order to shorten the window period and detect the infection in newborn, a capture ELISA assay was developed for the diagnosis of HIV capsid or p24 antigenemia in the infected patients. Objective: The aim of this study was to establish and develop of a capture ELISA assay for diagnosis of HIV capsid antigen in serum samples of HIV positive patients.Materials &Methods: In this study polyclonal monospecific antibody against recombinant HIV p24 antigen was developed in rabbits. Then, it was purified by IgG, and p24 specific affinity chromatography. Purified antibody was confirmed and conjugated with conjugated peroxidase "HRP". Thus, the capture ELISA was developed. To evaluate the sensitivity and the specificity of the technique, HIV positive and negative serum samples were checked and compared to the standard assay.Results: The results indicated that the developed assay could be useful for the detection and confirmation of HIV infection during the window period. The specificity of the assay was %100 and its sensitivity was %96.87. After comparison of findings among subtypes A, Band C of HIV, it was found that there was no statistically significant variation. Conclusion: The developed assay showed high sensitivity and specificity for detection of viral antigen. In addition, it is not time consuming and specific antibody production in animal model is relatively easy. In comparison to other assays, this method is easy to perform, rapid, accurate and inexpensive. The assay could be readily used for the diagnosis of HIV infection in newborns, since the maternal antibodies could pass through the placenta. Moreover, it could to shorten the window period.

Introduction: Successful treatment of root depends on complete elimination of debris and bacteria's from root canal system and appropriate shaping of canal in obturation canal preparation is the most difficult and time consuming stage during root canal treatment. This stage especially in curved and narrow canals always causes some problems for students, general dentist and specialist. Following placement of file in curved root canals, some faces are introduced to instrument which tends to straighten it. This leads to removing of much dentin from curvature of canal. Then a phenomenon which is called "apical displacement" will take place and canal will be widened more than usual.Objective: The aim of this study is comparison of preparation of root canal using NiTi hand & Race rotary instrument.Materials &Methods: In this study 40 acrylic blocks with canal curvature 75 degree divided in two groups of 20 in each were used with passive step back technique. Canals in first group were cleaned and shaped using NiTi hand files and second group with Race rotary ones. Rate of transportation in 1/3 apical of root and file fracture was under investigation and statistical analyzed.Results: In this investigation there was no relationship between transportation and file fracture during two methods of preparation. This study showed that the canal preparation using Race rotary file can be as efficient as NiTi hand files.