DANESHVAR MEDICINE
Year:2007 | Volume:14 | Issue:70|Papers Count:18

Introduction: Congenital hypothyroidism with prevalence of 1 in every 4000 infants is of great importance, since it has irretrievable effects on brain development and IQ. Therefore, Neonatal Screening program is highly recommended, because 90% of the affected infants have no apparent symptoms and signs. However, prolongation of physiologic icteric may be the earliest sign.Materials & Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out to evaluate the prevalence of hypothyroidism among 402 infants affected with indirect hyper bilirubinemia who were treated at Shahid Mostapha Khomeini hospital over a one year period. Tests on venous blood samples were performed to measure the levels of TSH & T4 after 3 days the birth TSH level>20mU/mL and T4<10mg/dL were considered as hypothyroidism. Results: Among 402 hospitalized icteric infants, 51% were male and 49% female. Five males and five females (2.5%) had hypothyroidism. There were no statistically significant relationships among gender, age, weight of infant and hypothyroidism. Fisher test (DR=3.22) indicated that chance to get hypothyroidism is 3.2 times greater for those with biliurbin level>20mg/dL compared to those with bilirubin level<20mg/dL.Conclusion: Hypothyroidism among icteric neonates has high prevalence. Considering that early diagnosis and treatment can have substantially less effect on child's IQ it is recommended to mesure TSH & T4 levels 3 days after the birth for infants with bilirubin level³20mg/dL.

Introduction: The cleanliness of water supply is of considerable importance since both patients and the dental personnel are regularly exposed to water and its aerosol generated at the dental unit. Therefore, many microorganisms have been isolated from water lines using a wide variety of recovery techniques at this unit. Although the risk of infection caused by water- borne microorganisms appears to be small for many patients, immunocompromised individuals are at the greatest risk. Thus, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the microbial levels of water system at dental units and the effect of flushing method on reducing it at Shahed Dental School.Materials & Methods: Water samples were collected from water syringe lines and cup fillers of 20 dental units which were randomly selected.Flushing samples were also collected from these units after 1 and 5th minutes. All samples were stored in sterile tubes and spread on Mueller Hinton Agar plates, followed by an incubation stage for 72 hours at 37°C. Bacterial colonies were then counted and their morphological shapes observed by a microscope after Gram staining. The results were analyzed by t-test.Results: Microbial contamination levels in water syringe lines and cup fillers were 4.47x105 (CFU/ml) and 2.89x104 (CFU/ml), respectively. This contamination was significantly higher in water syringe lines than cup fillers and the most bacterial type observed was gram negative bacillus (55%).After 1 minute flushing, contamination was significantly lower than first samples (2.8x103CFU/ml). After 5 min flushing, contamination was in zero borders (49 CFU/ml).Conclusion: The dental professionals must be aware of the high levels of microorganisms found in the dental unit water. Thus, there is an original need for the prevention from microbial contamination.

Introduction: Parkinson is a progressive disease gradually deterring the central neural system. I apoptosis the dopaminergic neurons of the dense substantia nigra causing dopamine decrease in the striatum. Application of embryonic stem cells is considered an appropriate treatment for the disease, since these are capable of self-proliferation and transdifferentiation. However, this treatment may lead to the development of tumor and the immunity reaction of the receptor is very severe. Thus, it is illegal and immoral.Materials & Methods: To conduct this study, the marrow stromal cells of the mature rats were isolated and transplanted to the striatum of the Parkinson rats of the same strain. Their swing test in the second, fourth and sixth week after the trauma were evaluated.Result: The behavioral assessment indicated that the Parkinson model rats which had received bone marrow stromal cells had significant differences compared to those which had culture injected into their substantial nigra Their swig test revealed a significant decrease.Conclusion: Somatic embryonic cells are considered a proper treatment for Parkinson disease. However, the bone marrow stromal cells are much more readily available. Moreover, they can be differentiated and isolated from other cells such as neurons, and are capable of self-proliferation; therefore, are preferable to other treatments.

Introduction: Sexual and marital relationships change throughout marriage the transition to parenthood can become a psychosocial crisis.Unfortunately, little information is available about both the typical length of time for the resumption of coitus and the frequency of sexual relations during breastfeeding. The purpose of this study was to describe various aspects of sexuality for breastfeeding women.Materials & Methods: This descriptive, cross sectional study aimed at determining sexual behavior of breast feeding women three to six months post partum. The study was carried out with 100 women in Iran. The instrumentation was a self-report "sexual behaviors and problems" questionnaire about vaginal dryness, dyspareunia, loss of desire and satisfaction.Results: Of 100 respondents 38% had resumed sexual activity one month after the birth, 46% after two months, 11% after three months and 6% after four months. Moreover breast feeding women showed significantly less sexual activity (52%) and less sexual satisfaction (31%). The causes of this decline were dyspareunia (66%), vaginal dryness (59%), Anorgasmai (21%) and milk letdown (11%). The variables such as age, parity, type of labor had no effect on the sexual life during breast feeding (3-6 months of postpartum).However, there was a significant difference among sexual desire, education, job and sexual relationship.Conclusion: Practitioners of family and maternity care centers need to counsel couples for their typical patterns of sexuality during pregnancy, postpartum, and breastfeeding. Accurate information can help couples feel more comfortable during the transitional periods before and after childbirth.Different sessions of expected sexuality should regularly be introduced by the physicians during prenatal period.

Background: Acanthamoeba is free-living amoeba that is found in soil, water, air as well as in pharynx of human. It is the causative agent of amoebic keratitis in people who use contact lens. In the present study, the effects of propamidine isethionate and polymyxin B on acanthamoeba isolated from patients infected with acanthamoeba keratitis in HeLa cell culture was investigated.Materials & Methods: To carry out the research, the isolates were cultured in NNA and axenic medium first. Then they were transferred to the wells of HeLa cell culture. After 24 and 48 hours of incubation period, propamidine isethionate or polymyxin B were separately added to HeLa cell culture (5 mg/mland 10 mg/ml propamidine isethionate, 5 IU and 10 IU polymyxin B) And the growth of the parasites within the drugs was measured after 24 hours.Results: The results indicated that all concentrations showed significant difference in the control group. Moreover, 10 mg/ml of propamidine isethionate showed the highest inhibitory effect on the parasite growth. Conclusion: The effect of varied doses of above - mentioned drugs on parasite isolates was different, and increase in time duration of parasite growth led to decrease in drug's efficiency.

Introduction: Tuberculosis is still a major health problem around the world Should we get better knowledge of different aspects of the disease, including immunology and immuno-pathogenesis, we can take better control measures. Studies regarding the quantitative and qualitative changes of lymphocytes have increased our knowledge to a great extent. In these study quantitative deficiencies of lymphocyte sub-populations and their activation markers have been investigated.Materials & Methods: Following documentation of smear positive pulmonary Tuberculosis in adult patients referred to Massih Daneshvari Hospital, 40 new cases without any other immunodeficiency conditions such as HIV, CRF, etc. were randomly selected. Tuberculin skin test (TST) and chest radiography were performed for each case, and flow-cytometry was done from peripheral blood for lymphocyte sub-populations as CD3, CD4, CD4/CD8 ratio, CD19, CD16+56, and for lymphocyte activation markers including CD25, CD69 and HLA-DR. Comparisons were made for the historical control group with same age flow-cytometry operator and including & excluding criteria. Statistical analysis was done using Spearman's rho, Mann-Whitney U, and Asymp Sig (in a study in the same city, 2-tailed). Results: 18 cases (45%) were male and 22 (55%) were female. Age distribution had a minimum of 17 and a maximum of 80 with a mean of 44.18 (19.65). Considering flow-cytometric marker correlations, HLA-DR had significant relation with age (p=0.002). The ratio of CD4+ cells also had significant relation with CD3, CD16+56 and HLA-DR markers. A significant difference was found only in the total of CD3+ lymphocytes by comparing PPD positive cases (>or =10mm) to PPD negative patients. The ratio of CD4+cells also was significantly lower than the normal population; however, CD8+ was significantly higher compared to the control population. The CD4/CD8 ratio was also significantly lower than the normal population. Conclusion: The expression of lymphocyte sub-populations during the course of pulmonary Tuberculosis disease showed positive or to negative correlation. By comparing lymphocyte sub-populations of TB patients the control group, it can be concluded that CD4+, CD8+, and CD4/CD ratio show significant differences that confirm significant quantitative defects in lymphocytes due to tuberculosis disease.

Introduction: Two different alginates are produced in Iran, none of which is approved by American Dental Association (ADA). Considering the fact that most dentists use the casts that are produced in labs, they have to preserve alginates in such a way that they don't undergo dimensional changes. This study aims at comparing the dimensional stability of two Iranian irreversible hydrocolloid impression materials (i.e. Iralgin and Ariadent) to an ADA-ISO standard brand (Hydro gum).Materials & Method: Having made a metal cast from the standard mandible model, we measured the dimensional stability of alginates in anterior posterior and lateral positions. For this purpose, two bucolingual incisions were made on the distal surface of the right second molar and the first right mesial premolar for anterior-posterior measurement. Next, two other incisions on the disto lingual cups of the first left and right molars were made for lateral measurement of the metal model in the mesiodistal direction. Fifty impressions were made from each alginate type. Then, Ten impressions of each alginate type were stored using one of these five methods: poured immediately, wrapped in a wet towel and poured after ten minutes, unwrapped and poured after thirty minutes, wrapped in a wet towel and poured an hour later and wrapped, stored in the fridge and poured after 24 hours. The impressions were poured by type III dental store and measured 24 hours later. Analysis of variance and "Duncan Multi range Test" were applied to variables such as alginate material and storage method. Results: The results indicate that the most accurate casts were obtained through immediate-pouring technique. Thus, twenty-four hour storage did not prove to be a desirable method. Dimensional changes were significantly higher in lateral direction than anterior-posterior. In addition, the least dimensional changes were related to hydro gum. Conclusion: The dimensional stability of Iranlgin and Ariadent is almost compatible with Hydro gum.

Introduction: Since the improvement of the denture teeth seems inevitable in Iran, the preset study aims at comparing the physical features of Iranian acrylic teeth (Super Berelian, produced by Maku Ideal Company) to a foreign name brand (Ivoclar, a product of Liechtenstin Company).Materials &Method: Two kinds of acrylic denture teeth were studied based on standard ISO: 497 and 1969 American Dental Association Specification No 15 using 59 samples of each. First the hardness of four posterior teeth was measured by Waker's micro hardness device model MuHtz. Second, the porosity of twelve samples of each type was evaluated after mounting and cutting 1.5mm from the cusp top. Third, these samples were mounted on a wax model and were surface finished. Forth, for testing the blanching, distortion and crazing, the teeth were boiled in warm water for three hours and were soaked in monomermetil metacrylate for 5 seconds. Finally, for testing chromatic stability, ten samples were placed warder a 400w light bulb on a moving screen. The qualitative tests were transferred to percentageAnd t-tests were carried out for all qualitative and quantitative analyses. Results: No significant difference was observed among the qualitative tests However, the hardness of the foreign name brand was more than Iranian type of denture teeth. All the findings were within the standard defined range.Conclusion: In brief, the hardness of Iranian brand though is less than the foreign brand is much more than the standard range which is an indication of the success Iranian domestic producers. On the other hand, since the chromatic stability and other qualitative features of the Iranian and foreign brands are not significantly different, it can be concluded that they are compatible with each other.

Introduction: Osteoarthritis remains an irreversible disease of unknown etiology. The goal of pain management is to reduce pain. Most pain management interventions were pharmacologic which were associated with some side effects for the patients. This study is a non pharmacologic intervention for reducing osteoarthritis pain. Materials &Method: This quasi-experimental research involves two groups (experimental and control) to examine the influence of trans-coetaneous electrical nerve stimulation on the pain and quality of life in patients with knee osteoarthritis. Who referred to regarding to the Rheumatology Clinic of Emam Khomini Hospital in 2005. 57 patients (experimental group=n=29, control group= n=28) with knee osteoarthritis were randomly selected. The instrumentation included a demographic information questionnaire, the SF36 Life questionnaire, and the pain linear scale. During four weeks and 3 sessions per week, the TENS machine was used. The experimental group received an electronic current of 100 HZ by means of 2 robber electrodes put on the left and right sides of the knee. The current intensity was adjusted according to the patients' sensory threshold. The control group had the same treatment; however, the machine was off. The patient's amount of pain and quality of life were measured in the first, sixth and twelfth sessions. When the data were collected, they were analyzed statistically using the SPSS software.Results: Before intervention, the independent t and chi- Square tests showed that the two groups were similar regarding age, gender, and body mass index. The independent t-test, (p>0.05) did not show a significant difference between the means of patients' pain in the two groups before intervention. There was also no significant difference between the total scores of quality of life in the two groups. In addition the ANOVA Repeated measurement indicated a significant improvement in pain relief (p=0.00).The LSD test proved that, there was a significant difference among the mean of pain in first, sixth and twelfth sessions within the experimental group, (p=0.00).While, there was no significant difference in the control group (p>0.05). Further more ANOVA Repeated measurement showed a significant improvement in the increase of quality of life (p=0.00). Dunkan test showed that within the experimental group a significant difference was observed among first, sixth and twelfth sessions (p=0.00). Such a result was not obtained for the control group, (p>0.05).Conclusion: Based on the findings, the hypothesis of this study was confirmed.

Introduction: Although the incidence of gastric cancer is declining during the last half century, this cancer still is the second morbid cancer in the world after lung cancer. The incidence of gastric cancer in Iran is 26 per 100,000. Regarding the potentiality of Traditional Iranian Medicine (TIM) and the great number of drugs against cancer in TIM, studying the effect of these drugs, seems necessary. This study evaluated the effect of ACA2, made from one of the TIM plants, on AGS (gastric adenocarcinoma cell line). Moreover, it was compared to its effect on L929 (as a standard cell line originated from mouse fibroblast cells).Material & method: After culturing the cells in the RPMI media with 10% FBS, the cells were incubated with different doses of ACA2 (5mg/ml, 2mg/ml, 1mg/ml, 0.2mg/ml, 0.1mg/ml) in 24, 48 and 72h our periods and then the cells viability were assessed with MTT assay to be compared to the control group.Results: After 24h ours, there is a significant reduction in AGS cells treated with 5, 2 and 1 mg/ml of ACA2. The cellular viability in target cells was 40%, 38.43% and 59.33%, respectively. After 48h ours, there is a significant reduction in AGS cells as well. The cellular viability in target cells was 23.82%, 30.76% and 76.96%, respectively. After 72h ours, there is also a significant reduction in AGS cells the cellular viability in target cells were 21.38%,18.81% and 40.83% this time. The results indicated that Inhibition of cellular viability of L929 was significantly lower than AGS.Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that the ACA2 inhibited the growth of AGS up to 82%. This remarkably increases our hope to find an anticancer drug. Moreover, further research should be performed in vivo system.

Introduction: VZV (Varicella Zoster Virus) is classified as a member of the Herpesviridae family and Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily. It is the etiologic agent of two distinct clinical diseases: Chickenpox (Varicella) and shingles (Zoster). During infection, the VZV proteins are expressed in a cascade regulated manner. Immediate-early (lE) gene products are transactivators that regulate the expression of early (E) and late (L) genes. The lE genes include ORFs: 4, 61, 62 and 63. The E gene product p29 is a DNA- inding protein also known to regulate the activity of a late gene, ORF67, the product of which is glycoprotein I (gp I). The objective of this investigation was to monitor the ability of the promoter of another late gene (ORF 14) to respond to the transregulatory activity of p29.Materials & Methods: For this purpose, primers were designed to amplify by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) which is the promoter region of ORF14 and ORF67 (as control). The PCR products were subsequently cloned in a reporter vector containing the lacZ coding sequence. After Maxi-preparation of plasmids in Transient Expression Assays, these plasmids were individually used to co transfect Huh7 and Mewo human cell lines and Vero cell line along with other plasmids which contained gene expressing transacivatory proteins.Results: Considering the system's sensitivity and positive control, it seems ORF 14 gene expression is different in three cell lines. Thus, the role of P29 is proved in Vero cell line to some extent.

Background: This descriptive study attempts to investigate the late concurrent ophthalmic pulmonary, coetaneous, and psychiatric complications caused by exposure to the chemical agents.Materials &Methods: 476 chemical agent patients from Marrivan who aged 21-60 were randomly selected to participate in this study, in order to classify their different complications into mild, moderate and severe.Results: 47.7% of the patients were female, while 52.3% were male. 89.9% were married, but 10.1% were single. 95.4% were exposed to the chemical gases once, 95.4% twice, 3.1% for three times and 0.2% four times and more. Since 89.3% had primary eye symptoms and 96.6% suffered respiratory, 90.8% dermal and 52.5% psychiatric symptoms, 96.3% of the patients used ophthalmic medications and 86.1% took is respiratory, 82.6% dermal and 52.5% neural medications. Moreover, the ophthalmic complications were classified as 25.8% mild, 0.2% moderate, but no severe case 74% did not show any ophthalmic ones. In addition, the respiratory complications were divided into 31.9% mild, 0.2% moderate. However, 67.9% didn't have any respiratory complications. In case of dermal ones, the complications were grouped as 23.1% mild and 0.2% moderate and 76.6% as none of these. Furthermore, the psychiatric complications were categorized as 46.6% mild, 0.2% moderate, but 53.2% were not included in any degrees of complication.Conclusions: Late ocular, pulmonary, coetaneous, and psychiatric complications of chemical agents were observable after seventeen to twenty - two years of exposure to these weapons. Among all, the psychiatric symptoms were more problematic.

Introduction: For (in vivo) comparative study of Iranian, Dordandan Gutta- Percha to Aryadent, subcutaneous implantation was applied to albinos Rats.Materials & Method: 18 mature rats with average weight of 280 grams underment surgical procedure. For this purpose, three incisions along the vertebral column were made and gutte - percha points were implanted in two spaces along with a polyethylene tube, that is, aryadent on the right front, Dordandan on the left, and in the third place an empty polyethylen pipe was placed as control. The animals were killed within 15, 30 and 60 day interval, then the samples were taken with the adja cent tissues. After the histopathology preparation and Hemotoxylin - Eosuinse staining, the samples were studied in regard to the capsular width around gutta - percha, the extension and intensity of inflammation and proliferation of vessels during the different study periods, for both Iranian Gutta-percha (i.e., Aryadent and Dor-dandan).Results: There was no significant different considering these two types of Gutta-percha point (p>0.05). Also no pre-cancerous lesions and cellular degeneration were observed. Moreover, the microscopic evaluation and statistical analysis indicated that there were no significant differences in capsular with, the extension and intensity of inflammation and proliferation of vessels between the two types (p>0.05). However, the inflammation in the area was chronic. Neither cellular degeneration nor precancerous lesions were found in those groups.Conclusion: On the whole, previous studies and the current one emphasize the fact that the two gutta-percha points are well-tolerated by connective tissue, thus, they are biologically compatible with each other.