Daneshvar Medicine: Basic and Clinical Research Journal
Year:2007 | Volume:14 | Issue:69|Papers Count:12

Introduction: Hemophillia is a chronic disorders which is outbreak in the son pediatrics and adolescents. This illness is contributed on the developmental process and the quality of life's patients and their family, so, they will need to caring for maintaining of their life. The study carried out on the effect of self care plan on the quality of life's hemophillic adolescents who were referred to comprehensive hemophillic center in Tehran (2004).Methods: The study is an quasi experimental research include two groups (experimental & control) that carried out on 56 hemeophilic patients (27 persons in experimental and 29 persons in control groups). The subjects were selected and allocated in two groups randomly. The instruments of data collection were include: demographic, assessment of educational needs and adolescents specific quality of life questionnaires and self report checklist form. Two educational sessions of self care (45 minutes) were implemented for experimental group. Quality of life's patients was measured in two times (before intervention and three months past intervention) and finally, two measured data was compared between two groups.Results: the statistical tests (T-test & c2) were showen that two groups have not significant differences in the factors of influenced on the quality of life, such as, age, type of hemophillia and study level, … (p<0.05). Manwitny test was shown that the total scores of quality of life's two groups have not significant difference in before intervention (P=0.64), but this difference was significant between two groups in after intervention (P=0.001). Willcoxon test was shown that the total scores of quality of life's patients in before and after intervention have significant difference in experimental group (P=0.003), but this difference was not significant in control group (P=0.367).Conclusion: according to the upper findings, the research hypothesis on the quality of life's hemophilic patients who use of the self care plan will improved more than who no used of the self care plan was confirmed.

Introduction: Diarrhoea is a major public health problem especially in developing countries, and despite the intensive efforts made in the field of prevention and treatment, it remains one of the biggest child –killers requiring further research. Enteropathogenic and Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli are leading cause of infantile diarrhea in developing countries. Eae (intimin) gene located on LEE (locus of enterocyte effacement) Pathogenecity island. eae in EPEC and EHEC pathotypes is responsible for attachig and effacing lesions in host intestinal epithelium. Nterminal part of the gene is conserved whereas the C-terminal is variable, resulting in heterogeneity of the gene in different isolates. the insertion sites of LEE are SelC, PheU and PheV. the insertion sites of LEE is depending on the clonal phylogeny of the E.coli strains.Materials & Methods: E.coli Strains used in this study were isolated from children with hospitalized in Tehran. The presence of eae gene, typing of the gene and determination of insertion site of LEE pathogenecity islands was ascertained by PCR using primers in Table1. PCR products were further confirmed and subtyped by resteriction enzyme PstI. Detection of Stx genes was ascertained by PCR using primers in Table1.the isolates were typed with EPEC antisera.Results: In this study eae gene was detected in 11.8% of E.coli isolates and further typing showed that 15.7% were E1, 2.6% E2 , 23.6% F1 , 10.5% F2 , and 2.6% were G respectely. in this study 42.7% of isolates carried an untypiable intimin. Serology identified 21(42.1%) EPEC isolates but none of the isolates possessed Stx genes, 57.9% of isolates was belong to attachingeffacing Escherichia coli (AEEC). Among the isolates, SelC (47.61%) and PheU (42.87%) were the sites mainly used for insertion of LEE and PheV was accupied only in two (9.52%) isolates. Discussion: Our data showed that in accordance with results from similar studies reported from other countries, presence rates of eae gene and typing of this gene is different and the difference is not significant. in this study 42.7 % of isolates carried an untypiable intimin that is similar to results from other countries. the insertion sites for intimin type E and G was SelC, but type F was inserted in both PheU and PheV sites, similar to reportes for isolates in other part of the world.

Back Ground: Umbilical cord infection and tetanus contribute significantly to high neonatal mortality rate in developing countries. These infections are preventable and can be reduce by practicing clean delivery and clean cord care. We conducted combative study on the effectiveness of 70% alcohol in the prevention of neonatal bacterial umbilical cord colonization in the Zeinab Hospital.Methods: We randomized allocated 134 newborns to either 2 application of 70% alcohol swabbing three daily until the cord fell of [n=64] or dry care [n=54]. An umbilical swab was taken on the 12-24h and 7 day after discharge then cultured on Blood agar and macconkey agar for 24h. Follow-up phone calls were made to mothers within 7days of discharge, with weekly calls until cord separation.Result: The most common bacterial cultured was Enterococcus Frequency of Bacterial colonization after 12-24h (First swab) was: Enterococcus (25.5%) Staphylococcus aureus (16.1%). Entrobacter (13.6%) pseudomonas (8%). 38.1% not colonized at firstswab. Frequency of Bacterial colonization after second swab (7 day) was: Enterococcus (48.3%), Staphylococcus aureus (37.2%), Enterobacter (28%), pseudomonas (17.8%),. 6.8% not colonized at second swab for the daily care of the neonatal umbilicus. by application of 70% alcohol, Staphylococcal umbilical colonization was reduced but gram-negative and entrococcus microorganisms was inceasesd. one infant in dry care (water group) was diagnosed as having omphalitis. The cord separation time was longer in infants who were treated with alcohol (6.80±2.63 VS 6.28±1.97). in culture positive with pseudomonas time of cord separation was increased. Conclusions: Evidence does not support continued use alcohol for newborn cord care.

Background: Several studies show that matricaria chamomilla extract can reduce pain, inflammation and anxiety. Therefore chronic administration of matricaria chamomilla extract may be useful for morphine withdrawal syndrome treatment Objective: To determine the effects of Matricaria Chamomilla extract on morphine withdrawal syndrome signs (MWS) in adult male mice.Methods: 40 male mice divided in 2 groups control (saline) and morphine group. To develop morphine dependence, morphine group (n=8) was received morphine (s.c) for 4 days. (10,20 and 40 mg/kg Three times in day for 3 days and 40 mg/kg morphine in day 4) and divided in 4 sub groups. Three groups of them were received hydroalcholic extract of Matricaria chamomilla concurrently with each injection of morphine (MC extract was administrated in 3 different dose 10, 20, and 30 mg/kg). one group of them was received morphine only. Every mice were received 5 mg/kg naloxone, 3h after last injection of morphine in day 4 and then the frequencies of withdrawal behavior (jumping, climbing, rearing) and weight loss were assessed. Findings: Data analysis showed that co-administration of Matricaria chamomilla reduced withdrawal sings in low administrated dose. Conclusion: These results suggest that Matricaria chamomilla extract can attenuate withdrawal sings.

Objective: In this research the correlation between impairment in spatial learning and kindling susceptibility was investigated.Materials & Methods: 16 wistar male rats was trained for Morris water maze learning. One week after water maze learning, The rats were administered pentylenetetrazole [37.5 mg/kg, i.p] for induction of kindling and seizure stages were noted. Data were analyzed using correlation and Pearson test and the correlation between PTZ kindling and water maze learning was determaind.Results: The results of the present study demonstrate that there are correlation between some of the seizure parameters such as seizure stage, stage 5 duration and number of stimulation required to produed stage 5 seizure in animals.Conclusion: On the basis of the present data it is possible to predict the predisposing of male rats for kindling from the impairment of Morris water maze learning that indicate the abnormality in hippocampal neuronal circuits.

Background: Shigella spp. is a common cause of diarrhea worldwide. Antimicrobial agents play an important role in treatment of Shigella enteritis. The treatment of shigellosis has been complicated by emergence of strains resistant to the commonly used antibiotics. The aim of the present study was to determine the sensitivity of Shigella strains to antibiotics usually used for the treatment of shigellosis and to survey the change of antimicrobial resistance of Shigella isolated in Mashhad, during a ten years period Materials & Methods: In this report, stool specimens were studied during 1992 to 1994 and 2002 to 2004. Isolation and identification of Shigella isolates was performed by standard methods and the serotype was determined according to the internationally accepted scheme. The disk diffusion method was applied for antimicrobial sensitivity testing against 12 antibiotics.Results: Over these two periods, 81 cases of Shigella spp. were reported. Resistance to tetracycline, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, streptomycin and chloramphenicol was common among the isolated Shigella. Comparing the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of Shigella strains over these two periods, show that there was no significant increase in resistance to the antibiotics except for Kanamicin.Conclusion: Widespread resistance of Shigella in present study indicates that empirical treatments of shigellosis are no longer useful and antibacterial susceptibility test are highly recommended.

Background: One of the clinical problems during preparing composite restoration is salivary contamination in different stages of filling procedure. By introduction of modern adhesive systems and faster, simplified application techniques, the risk of salivary contamination and the technique sensitivity is reduced. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of salivary contamination on shear bond strength of self-etch and total-etch systems to dentin of primary molars.Materials & Methods: A random sample of 70 extracted primary molars was selected. After preparing dentin flatted surface (in bucc. or ling.), the composite which was located in cylindrical rubber molds was bonded to dentin under different conditions. In four first groups total etch bonding system (excite, Ivoclar-Vivadent) was used. T1: etching (15s), rinsing, blot drying and bonding. T2: contaminated with saliva after etching, re-etched and bonded. T3: contaminated after curing, rinsed, dried. T4: contaminated after curing, rinsed, blot dried, re-etched and bonded. In three latter groups, self etch bonding system (Adhe SE, Ivoclar-Vivadent) was used. S1: using Adhe SE (2 layers etch & prim and 1 layer bonding) and curing. S2: contaminated after curing, rinsed, dried, re-self etched. S3: contaminated after curing, rinsed, dried. The shear bond strength on an Instron universal testing machine was measured in megapsacals at a strain rate of 0.5 mm/min .Group means and standard deviations were calculated and the data were analyzed using one – way ANOVA , followed by Tukey test (E=0.05).Results: The results showed statistical significant differences among groups (p=o/ooo1). The highest bond strength was found in S1 group (39.5 Mpa) while the lowest was in T3 group (14.33 Mpa).Conclusions: Self-etch system had significantly greater shear bond strength than total-etch system both in saliva contaminated and uncontaminated dentin of primary dentition. In the self etch system, rinsing was enough, only if saliva contamination occurred after curing of adhesive without the need to repeat bonding procedure.

Objective: Acidic pH of stomach which is a normal physiological barrier against bacterial overgrowth would increase by stress ulcer prophylaxis initiation and may lead to bacterial colonization and develops a source for transition of infection to respiratory system and resulting in ventilator related pneumonia in patients admitted in Intensive Care Unite (ICU). Therefore finding methods to decrease the prevalence of aspiration pneumonia is an old debate. Currant survey has performed to evaluate effect of Ranitidine and Sucralfate on bacterial colonization and developing aspiration pneumonia due to these drugs. Methods & Materials: It is a single blind randomized clinical trial in two groups of fifteen patients more than 20 years old admitted in ICU and under mechanical ventilation. One group had a regimen of one gram sucralfate every 6 hrs by gavage and other had 50 mg of intravenous ranitidine every 8 hrs with a loading dose of 100 mg. There after we sampled gastric juice every 24 hrs for determining pH and pathogen type. Results: Gastric pH of ranitidine group was more than sucralfate groups, both there were no significance. Common found microorganisms included pseudomonas, staphylococcus aureus, klebsiella, and candida albicans. Aspiration pneumonia incidence rate was 16.7 percents (4 patients) in ranitidine group and 13.3 percents (2 patients) in sucralfate group. Discussion: One of the causes of aspiration pneumonia in ranitidine consumers is higher gastric pH. Frequency of microorganisms was different in two groups (P=0.040) so that staphylococcus aureus and klebsiella were more in ranitidine group and pseudomonas and candida albicans were more in sucralfate group.

Purpose: Streptokinase (SK), a naturally secreted plasminogen activator by groups A, C and G streptococci, is widely used for thrombolytic therapy. There is quite heterogeneity among the SK of different producer strains of the bacteria that may show different antigenicity and biological properties. Herein, with the aim of establishing an easy system for expression and purification of the recombinant SK (r-SK) from different strains, SK gene has been cloned.Materials & Methods: SK gene from a standard strain (skc2) has been cloned as a PCR amplified fragment under control of T5 promoter into pQE30 vector, which adds a 6xHis-tag to the N-terminal of the protein, to simplify purification through application of Ni-NTA agarose column. Accuracy of the construct was confirmed by restriction mapping and E.coli M15 strain was exploited for expression of the SK gene. Results and Discussion: Finally, production of the active r-SK reached to around 60% of total protein following induction by IPTG, under optimized condition, which was confirmed by SDSPAGE analysis and produced r-SK had a MW of 56 KD as determined empirically from Rf values of immigrated bands in the SDS-PAGE, which was identical to the expected theoretical values.Conclusion: Results of this study suggested that this system might be successfully applied to express and purify different SK genes in high yield, without interfering their activity.