Daneshvar Medicine: Basic and Clinical Research Journal
Year:2019 | Volume:27 | Issue:140 |Papers Count:8

Background and Objective The most well-known mechanism for regulating complex mammalian target of rapamycin 1 (mTORC1) pathway activity is the insulin/IGF-1-dependent pathway in skeletal muscles. The role of high intensity interval training (HIIT) exercise has not yet been studied on this important pathway in protein synthesis among people with type 2 diabetes. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of HIIT on mTORC1 pathway in Flexor hallucis longus muscle (FHL) of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, sixty male Sprague– Dawley rats with a weight of 260± 20 g were randomly assigned into two equal groups including control group (n= 8) and HIIT trained group (n=8) after inducing diabetes in them by STZ and nicotinamide. The latter group of rats were trained in accordance with the training program for 4 weeks (4 sessions per week). Control groups received no exercise intervention. Furthermore, rats did not receive any insulin therapy during the study period. Independent t-test was used to assess the difference between the groups. Differences were considered significant at p<0. 05. Results There was a significant increase in the value of AKT1 (p<0. 005), mTORC1 (p<0. 0001), P70S6K1 (p<0. 008) and 4E-BP1 (p<0. 001) proteins in the HIIT trained group as compared to the control group. Conclusion Given the increase in the content of these proteins (AKT1, mTORC1, P70S6K1 and 4E-BP1) in the FHL skeletal muscle tissue of type 2 diabetic subjects and their important role in protein synthesis, HIIT's exercise may be considered as an important approach for increasing protein synthesis or muscle hypertrophy in these individuals.

Background and Objective Pregnancy is one of the most important and vulnerable periods in women's Life. One of the common side effects of pregnancy is anxiety. Despite its relative high prevalence in childbearing-aged women, little specific attention has been directed to anxiety disorders in pregnancy. Various studies have shown the effect of spiritual health and spirituality on mental health. It is important to identify the factors affecting anxiety such as spiritual health. Typically, at least one evaluation is recommended for depression and anxiety and attention to mental health during pregnancy. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between spiritual health and anxiety in pregnant women. Materials and Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted on 170 pregnant women referred to Shaheed Mostafa Khomeini hospital in 2018. After obtaining consent, demographic characteristics were recorded. By using the questionnaire anxiety, depression and stress DASS-42 and Dr. Azizi spiritual health questionnaire, anxiety and spiritual health information were recorded. Chi-square and student t tests were used to compare the data Results The frequency of anxiety in the pregnant woman was 69. 4%. The relationship between spiritual health and anxiety was not statistically significant (p= 0. 483). The frequency of anxiety was not significantly different based on maternal age, gestational age, gravidity, pariety, abortion history, education, maternal satisfaction, type of pregnancy, gestational age and gender. Conclusion Regarding the high prevalence of anxiety in pregnant women, more attention to screening and risk factors in order to identify pregnant women at risk for anxiety is essential.

Background and Objective Students are one of the susceptible groups for sleep disorders. High prevalence of psychological stresses and rumination in this group disturb the quality and quantity of sleep. Studies have shown that psychological treatments can improve sleep disorders. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to study the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy (CFT) on subjective well-being of the students with sleep disorders. Materials and Methods The research method was semi-experimental and pre-test and post-test design with control group. The statistical population of this study was students with sleep disorders in Payame noor University of Ghahderijan city during the years 2017-2018. The sample was 30 students from this population that were selected by available sampling method and randomly assigned to two experimental and control groups (15 individuals for each group). Participants in the experimental group participated in 8 weekly sessions, 90 minutes of CFT, while the control group did not receive any interventions. Both groups completed subjective well-being questionnaire and sleep disorders questionnaire in pre-test and post-test. Data were analyzed using univariate and multivariate covariance analysis using SPSS-16. Results The results of multivariate covariance analysis indicated a significant difference between the two groups of experiment and control in all research variables (p=0. 002). In addition, this intervention affected the components of subjective well-being (positive and negative affective) (p<0. 05). Conclusion According to the finding of this study, the efficacy of CFT on subjective well-being of the students with sleep disorder is confirmed. Therefore, interventions based on this approach can be useful for the students with sleep disorders.

Background and Objective Irritable bowel syndrome is one of the most common functional gastrointestinal disorders in which psychological factors play an important role in developing and exacerbating the symptoms. The aim of current study was comparing mental health of patients with irritable bowel syndrome with normal individuals alongside the role of mental health predicting high risk of irritable bowel syndrome. Materials and Methods In a casual-comparative study, 2 groups of 96 patients who were affected by irritable bowel syndrome and meeting the diagnostic criteria of Rom-III and 96 normal individuals were selected through available sampling method. Data were collected by using the demographic questionnaire and general health questionnaire (GHQ-28) and were then analyzed as well. Results Independent t-test analysis showed that mean scores of mental health in IBS patients (11/30) were higher than those in healthy subjects (19/57) and mental health variable can predict high risk of irritable bowel syndrome (p˂ 0. 001). Conclusion On the basis of these results, mental health is one of the predicting factors in individuals at a high risk of irritable bowel syndrome. However, psychological factors dealing with appropriate therapy for these patients must be considered.

Background and Objective Leptin resistance is an important risk factor for obesity. So, the present study was conducted in order to determine the effectiveness of one-month concurrent training with and without caffeine ingestion on the resting energy expenditure and leptin resistance in overweight women. Materials and Methods 20 non-athlete and overweight women in a double-blind and quasi-experimental designs in the two groups pre-post intervention (concurrent training group + placebo and concurrent training group + caffeine) for 4 weeks of a concurrent training (three sessions per week for 1. 5 hours per session; aerobic training with an intensity between 65-85% heart rate reserve and resistance training with an intensity of 70-75% of one repetition maximum) with and without caffeine (5 mg. kg-1. day). Changes in resting energy expenditure and leptin resistance during two phases (baseline and 24 hours after completing the training period). Results Serum fasting leptin levels significantly reduced in both groups following one month period of concurrent training (p=0. 04). However, there was no significant difference between the two groups. Also, caffeine supplementation administered together with concurrent training could increase resting expenditure energy (REE) and decrease leptin resistance index after one month (p=0. 032). Conclusion Based on the findings of this study, it can be concluded that one month of aerobic-resistance concurrent training in both groups, especially with considering the further reduction of the indices studied in the caffeine consumer group; maybe prevent the risk factors associated with obesity in overweight women.