DANESHVAR MEDICINE
Year:2019 | Volume:27 | Issue:143 |Papers Count:7

Background and Objective: Salmonella is one of the leading causes of foodborne illnesses worldwide which has become an important issue today due to the increasing drug resistance. This study was aimed to detect the frequency and diversity of Salmonella serogroups and drug resistance patterns among poultry meat samples distributed in Tehran, Iran. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 100 samples of poultry meat were prepared from authorized distributors of meat products from 22 districts of Tehran. All samples were analyzed by standard method and characterization of the isolates were done using biochemical, polymerase chain reaction, and serogrouping methods. Antibiogram was done using disk diffusion method. Results: The results showed that Salmonella was present in 75% (75/100) of the chicken meat samples. Chicken meat isolates were predominantly belonged to serogroup C (88%, 66/75), while other isolates belonged to serogroup B (2. 6%, 2/75), serogroup D (5. 3%, 4/75), and non-group A– D Salmonella isolates (5. 3%, 4. 75). While resistance to tetracycline (59%) was the most common resistance phenotype in these isolates, concurrent resistance to 3 classes of antibiotics (3DR) was the most common type of multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype among them. Conclusion: In this study, high rate of contamination with Salmonella was observed in the chicken meat samples. Dominance of antibiotic resistance in these isolates showed their possible risk for transmission of resistance gene markers to the human gut microbiota through food chain.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of 12 concurrent trainings on prostate specific antigen (PSA), cardiopulmonary endurance, muscular strength and body composition in men over 50 years. Materials and Methods:-1. /m2, randomly divided into two control untrained group (n=12) and trained group (n=17). The concurrent training group performed concurrent training (endurance-resistance) for 12 weeks. Serum PSA levels, cardiopulmonary endurance (VO2max), muscle strength, and body composition were measured before and after training. Data were analyzed using covariance analysis (ANCOVA) (P<0. 05). Results: Concurrent training in the training group significantly reduced PSA compared to the control untrained group (P=0. 001). As well, training significantly decreased fat mass (P=0. 046) and the ratio of waist to hip circumference (P=0. 024) and significantly increased cardiorespiratory endurance (VO2max) (P=0. 001), mean relative muscle strength (P=0. 001) and lean body mass (P=0. 001) in the training group compared to the control untrained group. Conclusion: Overall, our findings showed that concurrent training (enduranceresistance) increases cardiorespiratory endurance, mean muscle strength, improves body composition and decreases serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in men over 50 years old

Background and Objective: Portable electronic devices play an important role in the transmission of hospital pathogens in the hospital environment and in the community. Cell phones used by patients, companions and medical staff can serve as a source for bacterial growth and to transmit microorganisms and spread nosocomial infections. The aim of this study was to evaluate the intensity and type of microbial contamination of cell phones of medical staff in dentistry centers of Shahed University. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical cross-sectional study was performed on 160 medical staff in dentistry centers of Shahed University in Tehran, 2018. Wet swab samples were drawn on the whole surface of cell phones and cultured in MacConkey and Blood Agar plates. In addition, a checklist was prepared and demographic information of staff including age, gender, education level, and occupation was recorded in addition to the results of culture of cell phones. Data were analyzed using SPSS software. Results: The results showed that 144 cell phones (90%) were infected and 16 phones (10%) were not infected. The most prevalent bacteria grown were coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (25. 7%) followed by Micrococcus (24. 3%) and Gram-positive bacillus (15. 7%). Frequency of bacteria on cell phones was not significantly correlated with basic variables such as center of sampling, age, gender, education level and occupation (P>0. 05). Conclusion: Based on the results of the present study and similar studies in this field, it can be concluded that cell phones of medical staffs have harmful bacteria that are the most important causes of infections originating from the medical environment and can range from simple infections to life-threatening infections.

Background and Objective: Social isolation affects the nervous system and leads to behavioral disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of treadmill running on spatial memory and anxiety and depression behaviors in rats exposed to social isolation. Materials and Methods: In this study, 40 male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups as follows: 1) Control, 2) Isolation, 3) Treadmill and 4) Isolation-Treadmill. In groups 3 and 4, each rat lived alone in cage for 4 weeks. Groups 2 and 4 were trained 30 min/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks. At the end of this period, spatial memory, anxiety and depression were evaluated using Morris water maze, elevated plus maze and forced swimming test, respectively. Results: Four weeks of isolation caused spatial memory impairment and anxiety and depression behaviors in the rats. The results of water maze test showed that the time and distance traveled to reach the hidden platform in the Treadmill-Isolation group significantly reduced compared to the Isolation group (P<0. 05) and the elapsed time in the target quadrant increased (P<0. 05). The results of elevated plus maze test showed that the percentage of entrance to the open arm and the percentage of staying in this arm in the Isolation-Treadmill group increased compared to the Isolation group (P<0. 05). Also, the immobilization time of animals in the Isolation-Treadmill group in the forced swimming test was lower than the Isolation group (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Treadmill running improves spatial memory and decreases anxiety and depression behaviors in social isolated rats.

Background and Objective: Fetuin A is secreted by different tissues including liver and adipose tissue and affects the function of different body tissues. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight-week combined exercise training (resistance-endurance) and Omega-3 ingestion on the levels of fetuin-A and metabolic profile in elderly obese women. Materials and Methods: In a semi-experimental research, 40 elderly obese women (average age of 65. 74± 3. 83 years old, body mass index 32. 5± 1. 0 kg. m2) were assigned to four groups including placebo, Omega3, training and training+Omega3 groups. Combined exercise training (resistance-aerobic) was conducted for eight weeks and three session per week and each combined training session consists of resistance and aerobic training. The subjects in Omega3 and training+Omega3 groups consumed daily 2000 mg of Omega 3. Blood sampling was conducted in pre and post (two days after last combined training session) stages and fetuin A level was measured by Elisa method. Data was analyzed by covariance test. Results: Present study results indicated that fetuin A level significantly decreases in training and training+Omega3 group compared to placebo and Omega3 groups (p<0. 001) and these changes were associated with improvement of lipid profiles. Conclusion: Probably, a decrease in fetuin A level is part of positive effectiveness pathway of combined training in improving metabolic profile in elderly obese women.

Background and Objective: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, which is treated via several ways. The use of herbal medicines is very important because of their fewer side effects and compounds of the plants can inhibit the proliferation and growth of the tumor. Rosemary is one of the herbs that due to its antioxidant properties can have anti-cancer properties through cellular pathways. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of rosemary extract on BCL-XL gene expression in breast cancer cells. Materials and Methods: In order to evaluate the cellular toxicity of rosemary essential oil, MCF-7 cells were exposed to different concentrations of essential oil for 24, 48 and 72 hours, and their survival was investigated using MTT assay. Then, MCF-7 cells were exposed to essential oil for 24 hours to determine the BCL-XL gene expression using the Real Time PCR technique. Results: The results indicate that cell death is time-and dose-dependent. The effect of different amounts of essential oil on the survival rate of cancer cells was statistically significant (p˂ 0. 05) and the lowest survival rate at 72 hours was 19%. Real Time PCR results show that the expression of the BCL-XL gene reduced and this reduction is dose-dependent. Conclusion: Rosemary essential oil has cytotoxic effect on breast cancer cells and can induce anticancer effects by decreasing the expression of BCL-XL, an anti-apoptotic gene.