KOWSAR MEDICAL JOURNAL
Year:2009 | Volume:14 | Issue:3|Papers Count:14

Aims: Rapid treatment of bacterial meningitis is a medical emergency. Reducing mortality is depending on rapid detection. Aim of this study was to setup multiplex PCR method for detection of common bacterial meningitis.Materials & Methods: In this research, the universal and specific primers were used. Genome of 20 bacterial strains were extracted and PCR was carried out under standarded condition in two steps. The PCR products were electrophoresed on 1% agarose and compared with standard strains. Results were confirmed by using HeaIII.Results: Genome extraction of at least 10 bacteria in millilitre of fluid culture was necessary for detection. Using the universal primer of 16SrRNA made possible the amplification of 1000bp sequence. This common sequence was seen in all studied bacterial strains. By using specific primers for Nisseria meningitides, Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae a 700bp, 500bp and 300bp sequence were produced, respectively.Conclusion: The molecular method identifies bacterial meningitis within about 3 hours and recognizes its source. Using this method in medical laboratories improves the quality and also decrease the time of detection.

Aims: Researches about the effect of pregnant mothers stress on their children addiction to narcotics showed their increasing tendency to its abuse. In this research, the effect of pregnant females’ stress on changes of second generation tendency to morphine was studied in small NMRI mice.Materials & Methods: 20 pregnant female NMRI mice were placed in two stress and control group. Stress group itself divided to two physical and psychological subgroups. To the 20th day of pregnancy, all mice were put in “stress box” for an hour a day. In first, 7th and 15th days the level of corticostrone hormone in their blood were tested. After reaching to 20-25 grams, F2 generation offsrings entered to study and the effects of 3 different doses of morphine on behavioral sensitization were studied. The functions of dopamine activity, glutamate activity and NO activity were investigated.Results: Stress, increased the time of anorexia in stress group comparing to control group significantly. This results were consonant with the corticostrone hormone concentration changes. Second generation mice that were born from stressed mothers responsed stronger to different morphine injections comparing to control group (especially to 5 and 50 mg/kg). This was stronger in psychological stress group. Dopamine activity, NO activity and Glutamate activity decreased in second generation offsprings. Conclusion: Stress, not only increases the tendency to morphine in parents but also increases it in second generation offsprings.

Aims: Leishmania major is a flagellated protozoan parasite, with more than 20 species and global distribution. This parasite can cause skin disease cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) in humans. In diagnosis of the parasite, molecular methods are more sensitive and convenient than microscopic methods. Application of NASBA (Nucleic Acid Sequence-Based Amplification) method is shown to be high efficient for diagnosis of live parasite. In the present work, molecular isothermal method of NASBA was evaluated to identify live leishmania In vitro.Materials & Methods: Parasites were cultured in RPMI and then their RNA was purified from promastigote stage. For evaluation of NASBA method in diagnosis of live parasite, the 18s rRNA gene of Leishmania major was amplified. The result band was investigated on agarose gel.Results: Extracted RNA from parasite was 12.5kD and showed 3 bands of 24sa-, 24sb rRNA and 18s rRNA. 18s rRNA gene of leishmania was appropriate for identification of Leishmania major in NASBA in the area of approximately 200bp.Conclusion: The application of NASBA method is suitable for diagnosis of live Leishmania major. This method is relevant for evaluating effectiveness of course and treatment of anti leishmania drugs as well as early diagnosis of leishmania.

Aims: Helicobacter pylori is one of the important pathogens that infected epithelial cells of stomach. The aim of this study was to analyze and type Helicobacter pylori isolated from gastric biopsy specimens with ureC (glmM) gene.Materials & Methods: Molecular method was used in order to type Helicobacter pylori. PCR-RFLP was used to determine the genetic heterogenesity of 37 specimens of Helicobacter pylori isolated from culture. 820bp amplified fragment of ureC gene was digested with the restriction enzymes HhaI, MboI.Results: 11 different patterns with HhaI and 8 different patterns with MboI were identified. In combination, 21 different RFLP patterns were identified.Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, there is no significant relationship between gastric diseases and different patterns and there is a widespread genetic diversity between the fragments. This is promising the production of effective equipment for molecular analysis of epidemiology and analyzing ancestors and understanding the bacterial origin and its scattering in different geographic regions.

Aims: The advanced oxidation process is one of the conventional methods for wastewater treatment that can degrade a wide range of organic pollutants and microbial agents with high efficiency. The aim of this research was to study the effect of UV light radiation intensity on E. coli photocatalytic removal using ZnO nanoparticles immobilized on the glass plates.Materials & Methods: Characterizations of ZnO nanoparticles were determined using scanning electron microscope equipped with EDX system and XRD method. The powders of ZnO nanoparticles less than 50nm were immobilized on glass plate with thermal method. Water samples including different amounts of E. coli were irradiated in a plug flow reactor with UVA and UVC lamps of 4 and 8 watts and the effect of operational variables such as UV irradiation intensity, UV irradiation time, initial concentration of the bacterium and reactor flow on the photocatalytic removal of E. coli were examined.Results: The efficiency of photocatalytic process increased with increasing of irradiation intensity; But in the high dose of irradiation, no increasing of efficiency was observed. Increasing of lamps distance from water surface decreased radiation intensity and reactor efficiency. Numbers of immobilized ZnO nanoparticle layers had no effect on the photocatalytic process efficiency.Conclusion: Photocatalytic process using immobilized ZnO nanoparticles can remove E. coli from water with UVA radiation intensity of 240 •W/cm2 by two 8 watts lamps during 30 minute.

Aims: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of risk factors of CHD, risk of CHD at next 5- and 10 years and effect of life-style changes guides.Materials & Methods: In this before-after study, 98 medical university staffs at first and 86 (87.8%) of them at the final stage were participated. Blood pressure (BP), waist-hip circumferences (WC/HC), physical activity and smoking were measured before & after three months from intervention. Risk of CHD at next 5- and 10 years were estimated.Results: The mean differences of WC/HC, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, FBS, total cholesterol and LDL were statistically significant (p<0.05) before and after intervention. The average risk at next 5-and 10 years of CHD was 1.3 and 3.3%, respectively, before intervention. The average risk at next 5-and 10 years of CHD was 1.2 and 3.2%, respectively, after intervention.Conclusion: Differences of some of risk factors were not statistically significant before and after the intervention. It may be due to the short duration of the study or the need of more intervention guides.

Aims: Isolating patients from mechanical ventilation system (weaning) is an important period of treatment process in ICU, because this proceeding can represent more than 40% of mechanical ventilation duration. The aim of this study was to achieve an appropriate and effective method of isolating patients from mechanical ventilation system to prohibit additional costs to treatment system and effective usage of ICU beds.Materials & Methods: This sectional-analytic study performed on 126 patients of ICUs of a hospital between 2006 and 2007. Patient's age, sex, precipitating cause of respiratory failure, duration of mechanical ventilation before starting weaning, using of sedative drugs, method of weaning, weaning time and laboratory data were recorded.Results: Factors associated with adverse impact on weaning time were longer mechanical ventilation and using sedative drugs such as Nesdonal.Conclusion: Whether weaning from mechanical ventilation, more attention should be paid to reducing the time of mechanical ventilation and sedative usage.

Aims: Hemodialysis patients are faced with many stressors during their life that can be related to their quality of life (QOL). Therefore, the present study aimed at determine the relation between quality of life and stress in hemodialysis patients. Materials & Methods: This descriptive correlation study was done on 100 hemodialysis patients (53 men and 47 women) selected by census method from 2 hemodialysis centers of Sari in 2008. Data were collected by 3 questionnaires (demoghraphic feature, SF-36 quality of life and Baldree stress) in three months. At first, quality of life and then, patients’ stress were studied and the variables described. Then, the relation between them was determined by statistical methods.Results: 42% of patients with partial comfortable life had moderate tension. Pearson correlation coefficient showed a significant linear relationship between quality of life and degree of tension (r=0.802); Means that, by increasing tension, quality of life declines (p<0.001). Also pearson correlation coefficient indicated a positive correlation between the number of hemodialysis per week and the history of dialysis (p= 0.001). 69% of patients had the background of 1-5 years of hemodialysis and 74% of them were dialyzed in the morning three times a week.Conclusion: By increasing the stress, quality of such patients' life decreases. Therefore, the nurses and the other members of medication team should identify and reduce stressor factors for hemodialysis patients that can help improving their QOL.

Aims: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the first cause of death in developed countries and Iran. It is treated by three methods; drug, percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and coronary artery bypass surgery (CABS). In addition of physicians’ decision in choosing the treatment method, patients opinion is very important and the advantages of the treatment method are questioned. This study was to compare the advantages of CABS and PCI treatment methods in quality of life after the treatment.Materials & Methods: In a descriptive-analytical study, 190 CAD patients treated with CABS or PCI were selected by purposed sampling method from the list of one of the Tehran city hospitals. Then, during a structured interview, Nottingham standardized quality of life questionnaire was completed. Data was analyzed by independent T-test and chi square by using SPSS 11 software.Results: In patients treated with CABS the average score of quality of life was 18.56±3.255 and in the group treated with PCI it was 22.67±2.691. Independent T-test showed a significant difference between these two methods (p<0.05). The quality of life in patients treated with CABS was beeter than the group treated with PCI.Conclusion: Although treatment with CABS is more difficult and more expensive than PCI, but it provides a better quality of life.

Aims: Silent Regurgitation is one of the important and dangerous complications associated with general anaesthesia. This study was conducted to evaluate prevalence of Silent Regurgitation during general anaesthesia in elective cesarean in referral pationts to Baghiyatallah Hospital in 2008 year. Materials & Methods: In this cross sectional study, of the 15–45 years old pregnant women, who were undergoing elective cesarean in Baghiyatallah Hospital, 73 were selected sequentially. Secretion throat PH with change of color PH meter strip was evaluated. Results: Silent Regurgitation rate 0% and change secretion throat rate 67.1% were. Secretion throat PH before intubation and after extubation and before cuff increased significantly, (7.34±0.39 vs. 7.75±0.64, p=0.001). Also mean of change PH before intubation and after extubation and before cuff increased significantly, (p<0.05). Conclusion: It seems that cuffed endo tracheac tube and suctioning don’t prevent frome aspiration ((atleast absolutly)).