Journal of Veterinary Research
Year:2005 | Volume:60 | Issue:1|Papers Count:21

Objective: To determine the prevalence of periodontal disease and gingivitis and their relationships with probable influencine, University of Tehran, Iran. (1992-2000).Design: Case series.Animals: 300 dogs were Used in the Study.Material and methods: Animals with 6 months of age and older include in this study. Factors like: age, diet, content of bone in the diet (hardness of diet) and occlusion conformation were recorded in each animal. Based on oral examinations and factors like: dental calculus, depth of gingival sulcus, dental mobility and loo sing teeth, the gingival status of the dogs were determined as: healthy, gingivitis (primary and irreversible lesions) and periodontitis (irreversible and advance cases).Statistical analysis: Chi-square test and the frequencies in percent.Results: The frequency rate of gingivitis and periodontitis in the study were 24% and 12% respectively. Age and occlusion conformation had not any significant influence on disease progression. Small breeds had a higher tendency for the dental problems (gingivitis=32.8% and perodontitis=24.8%) in comparison with larger breeds(gingivitis=19.2% and perodontitis=0.9%). Periodontal disease was more common in older animals in a manner that none of the animals over 5 years old had healthy gingiva. Furthermore the dogs that had access to bone in their diets had lesser periodontal problems (jealthy gingiva=79.9%). dental calculus deposits were more abundant and gingival sulcus was deeper in maxillary forth premolars and first molars teeth but mobility and loo sing problems were more common in incisors.Discussion: With respect to results of this study periodontal disease was common in dogs referred to small animal hospital, faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Tehran. Therefore, especial attebtion should be paid to the oral hygiene situation and dog's especially small breeds and older animals should be fed with a diet sufficient of hard material.

Objective: Detection of anti-Leptospira antibody in serum of cattle in Ahwaz.Design: Field and serological study.Animals: 645 cattle.Procedure: Blood samples were taken from jugular vein of 645 cattle (588 male, 57 female). Sera were stored at - 20°C until ready for use. They were tested, using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT) against 6 live antigens of leptospiral interogans serotypes. Antigens used were L.L gripotyphosa, L.L hardjo, L.L icterohemorrhagica, L.I. pomona, L.L ballum and L.I. canicola. Cultures were considered positive if 50ko3/4%1 or more of agglutination of leptospires in a dilution of test serum of 1:100 or greater were found. Statistical analysis: Chi- square test.Results: Out of the sera samples, 347 (53.79ko3/4%1) were positive for at least one leptospire with percentage distribution among the highest number of reactors 30.07ko3/4%1 was due to L.L gripotyphosa followed by in descending L.L Pomona (18.33ko%I), L.L canicola (15.53ko3/4%I), L.L hardjo (14.35ko3/41), L.I. icterohemorrhagica (11.55ko3/4%l) and L.L ballum (10.16ko3/4%I). Totally 35.16ko3/4%1 of srea showed evicience of mixed infection. In positive sera the antibody titers of 1:100 (44.42ko3/4%I), 1:200 (38.44ko3/4%I), 1:400 (14.54ko3/4%l: and 1: 800 (1.20ko3/4%l) were detected. The prevalence 01 reactors to leptospiral antigen did not differ with the sex of animal but had significant difference between industria and non- industrial farms.Conclusion: In contrast to other studies in Iran, thl Percentage of prevalence of leptospiral  infection in Ahwaz was higher. It may probably due to climatic conditior because the weather in Ahwaz is commonly warmer that other cities of Iran that studied previously. The high prevalence of infection and dominant titer of 1:100 reveal that leptospiral infection in Ahwaz is endemic

Objective: Isolation and identification of fungi from gill lesions.Samples: Gill specimens from the common carp (Cyprinus carpio), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), grass carp (Ctenopharingodon idella).Procedure: The samples were obtained from the five fish farms in Mazandaran province and transferred to mycology laboratory with ice conditon. The samples were inoculated in culture media (Sabouroed glucose agar, glucose pepton agar and corm meal agar+ choloramphenicol).Statistical analysis: Chi-square and t-test. Results: Thirty-nine species of fungi were isolated from the gill lesions. The most important pathogenic fungi were Branchiomyces, Saprolegnia, Fusarium, Phoma and Exophiala. The most frequency isolated fungi were Fusarium (46.4ko3/4%l) and saprolegnia (25ko3/4%l), whereas Exophiala (3.6ko3/4%l) was showen the lowest frequency.Conclusion: This is the first report of isolation of Branchiomyces, Phoma and Exophila from fish in Iran. It is concluded that the above-mentioned isolated pathogenic fungi may play an important rule in fish diseases. Thus, this study should be continued into the future.

Objective: Investigation of the presence of R. anatipestife r in Rasht area (North of Iran).Samples: 109 domestic ducks and 33 hen and rosters.Procedure: Samples were collected from pasteurellosis suspected birds on the basis of clinical signs and gross lesions. Tissue samples from liver, lungs, air sacs, heart blood and synovial fluid of each suspected birds were cultured on blood agar according routine methods. The cultures were incubated under candle jar at 37 c for 24-72 hours. Isolated pasteurella spp. Was identified on the basis of colony and cell morphology and biochemical reactions. Isolates of Riemerella assigned to species according Rimller 1998.Results: P. multocida was isolated from 46 (42.2ko3/4%1) out of 109 ducks, and from 12 (63.3ko3/4%1) of 33 hen and rosters. R. anatipestifer was isolated from 13 (11.9ko3/4%l) ducks but nether neither from hens nor from rosters. Other species of pasteurella viz. P. gallinarum and P. hemolytica were not isolated. Antimicrobial sensitivity test of isolated Riemerella showed that the most sensitive antibiotics were flumoquine, trimetoprim with 92.3ko3/4%1 and the most resistance antibiotics was oxytetracycline (30.8ko3/4%1) and penicillin (23.1 ko3/4%1).Conclusion: This investigation revealed that R.anatipestifer is present in domestic Ducks in this area, but not in domestic hen and rosters.

Objectives: To determine hydroxyproline and connective tissue in heated meat products (dry sausage momtaze) marketed in Tehran in order to determination of protein quality in this Product. Design: Cross- Sectional.Number samples: 60 samples from dry sausage (Momtaze).Procedure: In this survey 60 samples of dry sausage (Momtaze) contain meat more than 70ko3/4%1 produced by 12 factories, selected Via haphazardly sampling and the hydroxyproline, collagen and collagen/ crude protein contents. were analyzed in all samples by spectophotometric method. Statistical analysis: Means and standard errors of hydroxyproline, collagen and collagen/ crude protein were determined and then analyzed by one-way analysis of variance method.Results: This survey showed that means of hydroxyproline, collagen and collagen/crud protein in 100gr dry sausage (Momtaze) produced by 12 factories, were in order: 0.18 0.01, 1.42±0.04 and 9.74±0.3 respectively. There were not significant differences between them.Conclusion: Chemical procedures such as histological procedures have high accuracy and suggested that it should be used for control quality in practice to determine connective tissue content and to detect adulteration such as un permitted tissues in heated meat products in order to standardize heated meat products.

Objective: Identification of Land molluscs as possible vectors of snail-transmitted parasitic diseases.Proposal: Cross-sectional study.Animals: Snails and slugs.Procedure: Searching molluscs by hands and naked eyes; garden spade; and sieving litters and sands during july 1999-March 2001. Shells and spirited molluscs were transferred into the jars enclosing a stripe of tracing paper lablied with locality, data of collection and name of collector by a pencil. Shells and spirited animals examined under dissecting microscope.Results: Thity-two snails and 2 slugs were collected during mollusc survey. Cochlicella acuta was found to be new species for Golestan province; and Iran.

Objective: To study and recognizing the morphologic and microscopic features of spleen as the most .important lymphatic organ and other lymphoid parts affecting on immune system of Acipenser persicus. Design: Descriptive study.Animals: A total number of 10 adult fish freshly prepared from Caspian Sea.Procedure: After removing the spleen and digestive canals, they were immediately fixed in ko3/4%110 formalin and transported to the laboratory. Routine histological procedures were made in autotechnicon and the paraffin sections of 6 micron were stained by Haematoxylin and Eosin.Results: Spleen as an elongated organ located on the middle part of digestive canal and microscopically was covered by a capsule of connective tissue and an epithelial layer. Spleen included white and red pulps. There are some similarities and also some differences between spleen 01 this species and mammals. A part of immune system is in the form of diffuse lymphatic tissue throughout the digestive canal and lymphatic aggregations in lamim propria and submucosa of proximal and distal intestine and spiral valves. Generally from proximal intestine to the posterior parts up to rectum lymph nodules and tissues are generally increased.Conclusion: Spleen as the biggest and the most important lymphatic organ and microscopically very similar to the spleen of mammals has many function such as lymphatit cell production.Besides other lymphoid tissues such a: lymph nodules in proximal and distal intestines migh have an important role in immunity with highly lymphatil cell production.

Objective: Study of different genotypes among S.abortusovis strains.Design: Observation study.Samples: 58 Salmonella abortusovis strains belonged to different countries were studied.Procedure: IS200 fingerprinting by Southern blot hybridisation have been applied for genotyping.Results: 8 different genotypes identified within strains under study. All genotypes contained 3 to 5 copies of IS200 and revealed high relatedness to their origins.Conclusion: Using IS200 fingerprinting for Iranian S.abortusovis strains showed high polymorphism because each province at least had one distinct pattern. Also this method remains as a sensitive method for typing the S.abortusovis.

Objective: To evaluate seasonal variation in sexual behavior of Fars Grey rams.Animals: Six healthy Fars Grey rams (3-4 years old).Procedure: All rams were exposed fortnightly to ewes and the following indices were evaluated: 1) number of mounting 2) number of mating without ejaculate 3) number of ejaculation 4) reaction time. The test was carried out by exposing two rams to two ewes in a 20 minute period. Ram efficiency was calculated by dividing the number of ejaculation by the sum of number of mating with and without ejaculation. Blood samples were also collected immediately after each sexual behavior test to determine plasma testosterone concentrations.A commercial ELISA hormone assay kit was used to measure plasma testosterone concentrations.Statistical analysis: Chi-square test and GLM procedure in ANOVA of SAS.Results: Testosterone concentrations varied between 3.6 ng/ml in autumn to 10.3 ng/ml in summer (P<0.05). A significant (P<0.05) seasonal effects was observed in the number of ejaculation in summer (0.9) and in winter (2.2). Rams showed a significant individual variation in the number of ejaculations (P<0.05). The highest number of mating without ejaculation was recorded in winter (7) whereas rams showed the lowest corresponding value in autumn (2.5). Ram efficiency was varied among rams (P<0.05) and further a significant seasonal variation was observed in the ram efficiency (P<0.05). Conclusions: There was a significant increase in the mean plasma testosterone concentrations in summer, particularly in late summer. The ram efficiency reached to the highest level in autumn, shortly after a decrease in plasma testosterone concentrations. Therefore, it can be concluded that the rise in ram efficiency is a delayed effect of the increase in mean plasma testosterone concentration. The results of this study also emphasize the need of evaluation of breeding rams for their sexual behavior prior to mating season. This is due to the individual variation that is observed among Fars Grey rams. An scoring system in the sexual behavior of breeding ram5 needs to be developed to make the test a useful tool in ram selection.

Objective: To assess the outcome of ileocystoplasty based on clinical, radiological and ultrasonographical findings.Design: experimental study.Animals: Five adult mixed breed dogs, weighing between 15 and 25kg.Procedure: Partial cystecto my with immediate augmentation ileocystoplasty was performed. Clinical signs were observed and recorded up to day 45.Reconstructed bladders were evaluated by radiology and ultrasonography on days 25 and 45.Results: Clinically the animals had a normal appetite and behavidr. No digestive or voiding problems, intestinal obstruction and no urinary leakage, infection and urinary incontinence were observed. A mark edge at the borderline between the original bladder and the ileal segment, the thickening of the suture line at the graft area, lack of normal distention in the ileal segment in comparison with original bladder and presence of floating echogenic small particles in the neobladder were dominant findings based on radiological and ultrasonographical evaluations. One dog died 10 days after operation. Ultrasonography revealed urinary leakage and presence of liquid in abdomen before die and necropsy showed peritonitis and neobladder perforation.Conclusion: Although ileum is one of the best parts of gastrointestinal tract for augmentation cystoplasty but perforation of the reconstructed bladder remains the rare condition with relatively high mortality rate.

Objective: To determine the influence of ketamine on electrocardiogram parameters of grass carp.Design: Experimental Study.Animals: 60 grass carp with average weight between 200-300g. Procedure: For this study 60 grass carp with average weight between 200-300 g were chosen. Fishes were divided randomly into 4 group of 15 fishes. A group was chosen as control group and three groups were anesthetized with bath method by ketamine in different concentration (80,100,120 mg/lit). During anesthesia and at 15 and 30 minutes after recovery, the electrocardiogram of fishes was recorded. After recording the electrocardiogram of all fishes, the average and standard deviation of the electrocardiogram parameters (heart rate, PR and St segment, QRS,RR, TP distance) were measured. Statistical analysis: Data were analized using one way analysis of variance with software minitab- 10.5.Results: The average of PR segment in concentrations 100 and 120 mg/lit ketamine anesthesia were significantly more than control group (P<0.05).The heart rate increased significantly in comparison with control group, but TP and RR distance have decreased. These effects also observed during recovery. No difference in QRS complexes were observed in all groups.Conclusion: According to the results of electrocardiogram parameters, anesthesia with ketamine has no marked effec1 on heart activities of fishes.

Objective: Study on antiapoptotic effect of Deprenyl in sensory neurons of dorsal root ganglion of rat.Animals: White Sprague-Dawley rats. The regions of operation were sciatic nerve in midthigh and L dorsal root 5 ganglion.Procedure: New born rats (3rd days) were divided into five groups and their left side sciatic nerves were transected at midthigh region. Five test groups were administered by deprenyl in different doses of: 0.1, 1, 10, 25 and 50 mg/Kg and the antiapoptotic effect of drug were compared with control group.Statistical analysis: The values obtained from each test groups were compared with control group by t-test and oneway ANOVA.Results: The results showed that treatment of animal with deprenyl prevented reduction in neurons number, in dose dependent manner. The group treated with dose 25mg/Kg showed the better results. Conclusion: Deprenyl is able to prevent the induction of apoptosis in axotomized and nonaxotomized neurons.

Objective: Study on antimicrobial drug resistance and transfer of resistance factor among Escherichia coli.Design: Laboratory study.Samples: Twenty five Escherichia coli isolated from cases of colibacilosis from chicken farms (as donors of R-Factor) and Salmonella typhimurium RITCC1730 (as acceptor of R-Factor) were used.Procedure: Twenty five Escherichia coli isolated from 100 cases of colibacilosis from chicken farms were tested for sensitivity to 10 antimicrobial drugs and their ability to transfer the resistance determinants.The antimicrobial agents were Tetracycline (Te), Ampicillin (Am), Neomycin (N), Chloramphenicol (C), Tiamulin (TM), Enrofloxacin (NFX), Flumequine (FM), Linco Spectine(LS), Nalidixic acid(Na), Gentamycin(G). Results: A total of 25 samples 96ko3/4%1 were resistant to at least one of the antimicrobial agents. Four different patterns of resistance to antimicrobial agents were observed, of which triple pattern and more than triple pattern were most frequently encountered (32ko3/4%I). Resistance to Nalidixic acid was maximum (883/4ko%l) among all the agents used.Among resistant strains, 62/5ko3/4%1 were able to transfer the resistance determinants. The majority of the isolates carried triple resistance determinants.Conclusion: The results of this study and other researches indicat that the R- Factor may transfer among the gram negative bacteria specially in the family of Enterobacteriaceae.

Objective: To study the humoral immune - responses in sheep experimentally infected with o. turkestanicum and to compare two different antigens in ElISA test: excretory/secretory and somatic.Design: Experimental study.Animals: Sixty sheep were divided into four groups: 1) 15 sheep were infected experimentally with O.turkestanicum, 2) 20 experimentally infected sheep with Fasciola gicantica, 3) 20 experimentally infected sheep with Echinococcus granulosus 4) 5 non infected lambs - control groups.Procedure: In this study total antibody response to worm extract antigens and to excretory/ secretory products (ES) were determined in 15 Ornithobilharzia turkestanicum infected sheep at monthly intervals for 12 months. Results: The infection induced an early and relatively highly immune-response to adult worm extract. This response reached its maximum level at 4 months post infection. The response to worm extracts antigens was slighthly higher than to ES products. The response against ES antigens was started later and remained at its maximum level untile 10-12 months after infection. A remarkable level of cross- reactivity was observed when Fasciola gigantica antisera were used. A low degree of cross reactivity was found with ES antigens of O.turkestanicum. There were not any cross reactivity between anti Echinoccucos granolusos sera to both tested antigens (ES & worm extract).

Objective: To compare different omega-3 fatty acid sources for enrichment of egg from economical and qualitative aspects.Design: Completely Randomized Design.Animals: One hundred and eighty Single Comb White Leghom laying hens, 24 weeks old.Procedure: Ten groups of 18 hens (6 hens/cage) were randomly assigned to each of ten dietary treatments and in compeletely randomized design, were fed diets containing 2.5 ko%l, 5 ko%l and 7.5 ko3/4%l flax seed, canola seed and fish meal or a wheat- soybean control diet, for 12 weeks. At the end of this period, percentage of linolenic acjd (n-3), linoleic acid (n-6), oleic acid (n- 9) and some of saturated fatty acids were determined. Statistical Analysis: Analysis of variance of data was performed by SAS software and comparison of the means was done by Duncan's multiple range tests. Results: There were significant difference among groups on linolenic acid, linoleic acid percentage and ratio of linoleic acid (n-6) to linolenic acid (n-3) (P<0.05). The greatest value for linolenic acid was in the group given 7.5 ko3/4%l flax seed. During this period, there were no significant differences (P>0.05) among treatments on egg production, egg weights, daily feed intake, feed conversion. and quality of eggs (P>0.05).Clinical implications: With note to increasing in linolenic acid amount of egg yolks in the group given 7.5 ko3/4%l canola seed and because oflow cost and abundance of canola seed in Iran, and not to be influenced of performance of laying hens and quality of eggs, 7.5ko%1 canola seed could be recommended.

A cross - bred male 2 year- old dog with flaccid quadriparesis referred to our hospital. History showed ingestion of a dead cattle carrion by this dog and other three dogs which all had flaccid quadriparesis and died within two days after ingestion.The history and neurologic examination and Injection of blood serum and stool extract of referred dog to laboratory mice confirmed botulism.The referred dog showed clinical improvement within 15 days of treatment.

The Purpose of the report was introducing rheumatoid arthritis in a dog in Iran. A four-year-old castrated male shih tzu has been referred to Small Animal Hospital. History taking, clinical findings, laboratory findings, radiography, computed tomography scan (CT-Scan) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) carried out in this case. Clinical examinations revealed severe lameness with flexion of stifle joints and muscular atrophy of thigh region. Survey radiographs showed tibial and femoral subchondral bone cyst-like formation, cranial displacement of the tibia, and asymmetric joint space.Blood test revealed leukocytosis. In serology, rheumatoid factor (RF) and antinuclear antibodies (ANA) were negative. Arthrocentesis of affected joints showed a lowered viscosity, and was turbid. CT-Scan studies showed subchondral bone cyst-like formations on the tibial plateau and femoral condyles, osteophyte formations, and degenerative joint changes. MRI confirmed soft tissue changes of the joint component. Based on clinical and preclinical findings, diagnosis was rheumatoid arthritis.