Koomesh
Year:2002 | Volume:3 | Issue:3-4|Papers Count:11

Introduction: In normal animals, neuropathic pain arising from sciatic nerve ligation injury can result in increased sensitivity to both noxious (hyperalgesia) and non-noxious stimuli (allodynia) and are accompanied by a number of neuroplastic alternations at the level of spinal cord including up regulation of neurotransmitters including dynorphin, neuropeptide Y and cholecystokinin. Some research studies have been shown that the mechanisms underlying neuropathic pain processing differed as a function of gender and gonadal hormone status. However, the effect of nerve injury on acute nociception and sex-related differences in time-course of hyperalgesia has not been extensively studied.Materials and Methods: A model of peripheral nerve injury was used to study gender differences in the progression of chronic constriction injury induced hyperalgesia in male and female mice. Nerve ligation injury was produced by unilateral ligation around the left common sciatic nerve. Animals were examined for response to acute nociception daily during the three postoperative weeks. In this regard, the latency of tail flick response (TFL) was measured in control group and at set intervals (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18 and 20 days after sciatic ligation as ligated or surgery without ligation as sham groups in both sexes) by using an automated analgesia meter.Results: In the absence of nerve injury, intact (8.4±95 Sec) and sham (8.35±0.3 Sec) males responded faster than control (8.7±0.99 Sec) and sham (8.9±0.34 Sec) females to a thermal nociceptive stimulus. However, there were no significant differences between groups and both sexes. Significant hyperalgesia was developed in ligated male and female mice, as compared to control and sham groups, within 10 days after sciatic nerve injury (P<0.01). However, it elongated for six days in males and more that 10 days in females. On the other hand, TFL in males (4.9±0.1 Sec) reduced significantly (P<0.05) more than that in females (6.8±0.17 Sec). Conclusion: These data suggest that mechanisms underlying chronic nociceptive processing differ as a function of gender and it may be related to gonadal hormone status.

Introduction: MVP (Mitral valve prolapsed) is one of the most common psychosomatic syndromes. It is a long time that the effect of body position on cardiac murmurs is recognized. Although authorities imagined that auscultatory findings during postural changes in the patients with mitral valve prolapsed (MVP) and mitral regurgitation (MR) and late systolic murmur (LSM) are associated with more prolapsing of mitral valve due to decrease in LV volume in the standing position, but this issue is not analytically estimated.Material and Methods: We studied 12 patients with mean age of 12±2 year (yr) (±2SD), mean weight was 50±6 kg (±2SD) with match controlled population. Echocardiographic parameters were extracted separately in supine and standing positions: left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV), left ventricular end systolic volume (LVESV), Q-W interval, velocity time integration (VTI), heart rate (HR), focal dyskinesia of posterior ventricular wall motion and color flow-jet of MR. LVESV and LVEDV used for estimation of volumetric changes, like Q-W interval (from Q wave to the beginning of MR signal pulsation) for duration of LSM. VTI (velocity-time integration) used for assessment of intensification of the murmur. Abnormal motion of ventricular wall at the level of apposition of mitral leaflets just above papillary muscles for evaluation of focal ventricular wall dyskinesia.Results: Patients were divided into two groups according to the response of postural changes on duration and intensification of the murmur at various states: group A (responder); 8 patients had prolonged duration and intensification of murmur: group B (non-responder); 4 patients who showed none of these changes (nearly similar findings were obtained in control population): HR were significantly increased in responder patients like decrease in their LV volume, whereas no considerable changes in non-responder group which might be due to no effect on LV volume. One of responder group also showed abnormal posterior ventricular wall motion (ventricular dyskinesia) but occurred only in one non-responder group (65% against 25%), that changes on LV volumes were not considerable. The postural changes in color Doppler signal also corresponded well with those in murmurs with regard to the duration and intensification of responder group.We proposed that establishment of focal dyskinesia in responder group could be related to the more complex interactions for initiation of dyskinesia rather than simple variation of ventricular volume (although all of them were mild or non-significant). Conclusion: The postural changes in MR of MVP patients from supine to standing position were greatly determined by decrease in LV volume which are corresponding well with the development of abnormal LV posterior wall motion (focal ventricular dyskinesia), whereas in non-responder group did not occurred because of no affection on LV volumes.

Introduction: T.inflatum (Tolypocladium inflatum) is a primitive fungi that reproducts via conidiums. Spors grow up on malt extract culture at 6-32oC at wet or dry medium. Of course it is found of some others culture which are contain aminoacids, mineral or organic matter. Cyclosporin A (Cy A) is the metabolite of t.inflatum. Cy A is an immunosuppressive drug. The aim of this study was to promote production of Cy A by mutation via ultraviolet radiation (UVR) and to find out a suitable medium for auxotrophs.Material and Methods: Tolypocladium intfatum (DSM 915), malt extract and sabourd 4% dextrose agar, Bactopeptamine, casein hydrolysate and yeast extract dehydrated. The fungi was cultivated for 10-20 days duration on a medium contains 2% malt extract, 4% yeast extract and 20% agar at pH 5.7. Extraction was carried out by gel chromatography. For mutation of the ungi, UVR was used, and for identification of Cy A fungicidal, ultraviolet, visible and infra-red pectroscopy were methods of choice.Results: White velvey colonies were collected from the medium of agar and malt extract. samples and fractions of gel chromatography extraction showed antifungal activity on aspergillus iger. Ultraviolet visible spectroscopy gave λmax similar to that of standared and infra-red spectra was similar to the standared spectra.Conclusion: Auxotrophic strains were cultivated on synthetic and raw mediums. Finally the high production of Cy A was produced of sugar factroy and hogwash of corn oil pressing factroy, at dark place.

Introduction: Bacterimia resulted from Listeria monocytogenes leads to various complications including abortion. While culturing the specimen is a crucial method in diagnosing of listeriosis, it has low sensitivity (because of the few number of bacteria in specimens) and takes long time. Serological methods are used routinely in many diagnostic laboratories because of improved time and sensitivity.Materials and methods: IHA (indirect hem agglutination) was performed using fraction 1, obtained from gel chromatography of sonicated listeria monocytogenes crude antigens. IHA through potel's method was carried on. Sensitivity and specificity of these methods compared with current IFA (immunoflourecens assay) in diagnosing the Listeriosis. The titers of antibody against Listeria monocytogenes were determined in serums of 207 women having at least one abortion. Among this group serums of 96 women by IHA with soluble antigens in fraction 1 and 82 women by IHA with soluble antigen in potel's method were tested.Results: In IFA (sensitivity 70% and specificity 50%), 83.5% had valuable titers of antibody. Niether crude antigen nor three fractions were suitable for IHA, but all 82 serums (potel's method) showing 1/4 to 1/256 titers (sensitivity 36% ana specificity 96% ).Conclusion: IFA is, the most current method but, because of high sensitivity and low specificity a more confident method is required. This study shows antigenic fractions of listeria monocytogenes are not suitable for IHA, while changing the condition of culture in potel's method leads to the applicable antigen for IHA. Lack of correlation between IFA and potel's IHA indicate that the nature of antigens are different in both methods. Thus it is recommended to use IFA for screening and simultaneously potel's IHA (because of high specificity).

Introduction: Leukemia is a heterogeneous group of neoplastic disorder which derived from malignant transformation of hematopoietic progenitors. In most cases leukemia is associated with definitive cytogenetic disorder, in addition are induced by chemical and radiation which are use as therapeutical regimens. In the present study, chromosomal damages in acute lymphocytic leukemic (ALL) patients due to chemotherapy and radiotherapy protocol by metaphasic analysis has been evaluated.Materials and Methods: 30 patients with ALL and 10 control were used as sample subject according to therapeutical protocols. Patients have been classified in 3 groups: without treatment, treated with drugs and patients treated with drugs and radiotherapy.Results: Results of chromosomal damage by metaphasic analysis show that virgin patients in comparison with control has an elevated chromatid damage. A meaningful difference has been shown between patients which have been received combined chemotherapy and radiotherapy respects to chemotherapy, virgin and control.Conclusion: Result of this research has been shown a meaningful difference between patients received chemothrapeutic protocols versus virgin and control. Thus results of this research show that leukemic patients have both spontaneous and inducible chromosomal damage.

Introduction: Department of microbiology, parasitology and immunology at the Semnan university of medical sciences designed protocols in which many criterions have been determined for internal evaluation and on that basis an internal evaluation carried out, so that the ranking and the score of this department in various fields determined in order to promote dept.'s quality.Material and Methods: By using of the accreditation model and CIPP model, the subjects which should be evaluated were determined and the characteristics of every desirable condition and their indicators complied, so some questionnaires with a five-ranking scale (excellent, good, medium, weak and very weak) and the others with a two-ranking scale designed and used. The fields that would be evaluated were as follow: Goal of education, teaching process, research aims, educational space and equipments, organization chart. Entierly by using 19 different questionnaires containing 341 criterions, information was obtained and on the basis of Gourmand's classification analysed.Results: In this evaluation on the basis of Guorman's classification the teaching process with score 4.17 in high ranking, the educational goals with score 3.25 in more than satisfied ranking, the goals of research with score 2.96 in satisfied ranking, organization chart with score 3.71 in good ranking, personal and supporting services with score 2 in unsatisfied ranking, educational and research equipment with score 3.37 in more than satisfied ranking were determined.Conclusion: The average of scores of microbiology, parasitology and immunology department, in all evaluated fields was 3.37; thus on the basis of Guorman's ranking this department is in higher satisfied ranking.

Introduction: Several regions of brain are related to opiate addiction, specially, Ventral Tegmental Area (VTA) and Nucleus Accumbens with glutaminergic and dopaminergic systems have very major roles. There are several evidence that ascorbic acid can be a neurotransmitter and released from ending of glutaminergic neurons and regulate the release of glutamate and dopamin. The main object of this study was, if ascorbate be able to prevent addiction to heroin or delayed it?Materials and Methods: Male wistar rats weighted 300±30g were anesthetized and through strile surgery implanted with silastic catheters inserted into the right jugular vein. After 4 days of recovery animals were fitted and the external end of the catheter was connected with a syringe-driven pump, then were placed in the self-administration apparatus that had two lever (active, passive) for 2h every day. Active lever switched on the infusion pump for injecting 0.1 ml of saline or saline containing 1 mg/ml of herion. (FR=1, Time out=10s). Acerbate (300 mg/kg, i.p) were used 30 minutes before heroin self-administration.Results: Injection of ascorbate prevent the development of dependence on heroin in rats. There was a significant difference (P <0.001) between the numbers of active, but not passive lever among the groups.Conclusion: Acerbate can antagonize the reinforcing effect of heroin and can used as effective pharmacotherapy for heroin abuse specially when used with high dose.

Introduction: Acute pharyngitis is an inflammatory syndrome in pharynx caused by several various groups of microorganisms. Most infections are viral; among the bacterial causes, "A" group streptococcus is the most important.Due to similarity of the symptoms and also the main complications of streptococcal pharyngitis, Knowing it's prevalence and the most common symptoms in this disease is important to treat the patient.Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive cross-sectional study carried out on 200 over 15-year-old adults having sore throat in Semnan Fatemieh Hospital. A questionnaire containing; symptoms and signs of disease was completed for patients, then a culture from throat was performed for each one. Finally, prevalence of the streptococcal pharyngitis, sensitivity, characteristics of symptoms were evaluated by descriptive statistics.Results: 56% of patients were female and 44% male, age mean among was 28.82 year old with standard deviation 12.39. In 7.5% of cultures media, streptococcus "A" had been grown. Erythema (76.5%) was the most common symptom in group "A", and then odynophagia, myalgia, fever and exudates, respectively. Totally, these three symptoms; fever, exudates and lymphadenopathy are the main features with 96.2% specificity.Conclusion: In this study, the level of the positive cultures; considering "A" group streptococcus in patients more than 15-year-old is nearly equivalent to the normal population. Results indicating, using antibiotics for over 15-year-old patients is useless except having exudates, fever and lymphadenopathy.

Introduction: In the past, medicinal herbs had enormous application in traditional medicine in Iran. At present, Taranjebin a gum of Alhagi herb (Alhagi Mannifera) is used as a medical herb for treatment of jaundice in infants. Thus, the purpose of present study was to investigate the possible therapeutic effects of Taranjebin on a scientific basis.Materials and Methods: Taranjebin solution was made by dissolving Taranjebin in distilled water and then filtered. Wister's offspring rats (body weight: 19-21 gr) were used. Animals were divided into four groups: group one as a negative control, other three groups were injected inetraperitoneal (ip) aminolevulinic acid(ALA) at a specific time after birth, which causes hyperbilirubinemia. Of these three groups, one group was used as a positive control, and the other two as experimental group received Taranjebin and distilled water by gavage, respectively. At different interval times blood samples were drawn and total bilirubin was measured.Results: Results showed that after injection of ALA, plasma bilirubin concentration increased significantly (P<0.05). Oral administration of Taranjebin led to a significant decrease in the level of bilirubin in rats with jaundice as compared with control groups (P<0.05).Conclusion: Thus, a decrease in plasma bilirubin concentration could be due to the degradation or increased bilirubin excretion by this plant resin (Taranjebin).

Introduction: Previous study indicated that adrenocortical glucocrticoids are effectiveness on memory storage in emotional state. There are moderate density of glucocorticoid receptors in basolateral amygdale (BLA) that may be involved in learning and memory. The present experiment examined the role of glucocorticoid antagonist receptor into the basolateral amygdale (BLA) on spatial memory in Morris water Maze task.Materials and Methods: Male Long-Evans strain rats were surgically implanted bilaterally with cannulae aimed at the BLA in the brain and were trained to Morris water Maze task. RU-38486 (3 ng/0.6 ml per side) as a glucocorticoid antagonist were injected bilaterally into BLA pre-training and immediately, 60 and 120 min after training and pri retrieval test. The latency time to the fine plexy glass platform and the length of swimming were used to measure the spatial memory.Results: Results indicated that infusion of glucocorticoid antagonist pretraining and immediately and 60 min, but not 120 min after training into BLA significantly impaired retention performance. Injection of the drug before retrieval test did not any significant effect on animal performance.Conclusion: The above results show that glucocorticoid receptors plays an important role in acquisition and consolidation of spatial memory in Morris water Maze task at least 60 min after training.