Koomesh
Year:2000 | Volume:2 | Issue:1|Papers Count:11

Introduction: Retrobulbar block is one of the choice of local anesthesia for ophthalmic operations. The main problem in this technique is the pain during injection of anesthetic solution that makes this technique less satisfactory for the patient. The aim of this study was to consider the effect of warming lido cain solution on retrobulbar-injection -induced pain. Material and Methods: Sixty consecutive patients undergoing cataract surgery were randomely divided into two equal warm and cold groups, and received local anesthetic at 20 ° C and 37 ° C, respectively. Standard retrobulbar block was used in all patients. The pain of injection was registered using an "ordinal analogous scale" before and immediately after injection. Results: The results show that pain sensation in warm group was significantly lower than cold group (P<0.0001). Conclusion: The data indicate that warming the local anesthetic used in retrobulbar anesthesia to body temperature before injection reduces the injection induced pain significantly. Therefore, this method was recommended in retrobulbar anesthesia.      

Introduction: There are several reports on the therapeutic effects of herbal fundermol ointment in burn wounds. The aim of this investigation was to evaluate the effect of denervation on the response of rat burn wounds to this ointment and compare its effect with intact animal. Material and Methods: This experimental study performed on the six groups of adult male rats. After anesthesia, small burn was produced on the hind limb of the rats, by the heated metal device. After anesthesia, denervation was made on the hind limb by sciatic and femoral nerve neurotomy. 24 hours after burn, fundermol ointment and sulfadiazine cream were topically applied wound surface. Area, percentage of wound healing, angiogenesis growth of hair follicles were measured in different post-burn days. Results: The results show that percentage of wound healing in denervated group was the same as the group control. In the fundermol treated denervated group, percentage of wound healing at days 12, 15, 18, 21, 24, 27, and 30 of post-burn period, was more than denervated group (P < 0.001). Percentage of wound healing in the silver slufadiazine-treated denervated group in 9th to 30th days was higher than denervated group (P < 0.001). No significant differences were observed in the fundermol treated denervated group and the silver sulfadiazine treated group. Also angiogenesis and growth of hair follicles, were promoted in the fundermol-treated group, and these effects in 28 day were more than silver sulfadiazine group. Conclusion: These data suggest that topical application of fundermol ointment can accelerate wound healing even in the absence of neural int1uences, and this effect was comparable to silver sulfadiazine cream.    

Introduction: Black pepper is usually used in Iranian traditional medicine as a palliative agent. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of piperine, an effective agent in black pepper, on pain sensitivity and also jumping induced by naloxone in morphine dependent mice. Materials and Methods: This randomized experimental study was performed on mice. The animals divided into control (saline) and test (drug) groups. Morphine was used to produce drug dependency by Marshall method. Tail-flick test was used for evaluation of analgesic effect of the drug. Jumping method was used for measuring intensity of morphine dependency. Results: The results show that different doses of piperine alone did not any significant effect on the tail-flick latency, but pretreatment of piperine (25, 50,75 mg/kg) significantly potentiated the analgesic effect of morphine (10 mg/kg) on the 'tail-flick la tency (P < 0.05). Pretreatment of piperine (25, 50, 75 mg/kg) significantly increased that the counts and latency of jumping in morphine-dependent mice in any tested dose, except for dose of 25 mg/kg of piperine which had no effect on jumping latency. Conclusion: The data indicate that piperine itself has no any effect on analgesia and jumping, but potentiated the effect of morphine on the tail-flick latency and also affected morphine dependency.      

Introduction: One of the most important causes in mortality and morbidity and outcome of liver transplantation is the method used for anastomosis of the bile duct to the intestine. Several methods have been used for restoring a normal bile flow to the intestine; among which, the most important are choledochojejunostomy and choledochocholedochostomy. The most common complications confronted with after these operations include anastomosis site leakage and stenosis. For this reason, widespread research projects are underway to find an easier and more optimal method for bile duct anastomosis in the intestine. In this research, following the choledochal edges inside and passing them through an intestinal intramural channel (the Roux-en- Y anastomosis method), have been studied as a method to decrease the incidence of the two common prementioned complications. Materials and Methods: the common bile ducts were found in 6 sheeps, and with the help of two 180 degrees sutures, their edges were folded back on. The intestine, pulled through an 'intestinal intramural channel and with the same two sutures, werte anastomosed internally to all of the intestinal layers. Results: 8 months after teloscopic anastomosis of the bile duct to the intestine, no sign of stenosis, cholangitis or bacteremia were found in 3 cases, a prominent papillary - shaped fold was seen in the jejunum. In one case, a leakage site from the anasomosis was detected; no leakage was detected on the 3rd day in the laparatomy. The anastomosis was found in another case on the 14th day for the purpose of histological examinations; both macroscopic and microscopic repair process was normal. Conclusion: The results of the study suggest that in the Roux-en- Y choledochojejunostomy method, fewer numbers of bacteria reach the common bile duct (C.B.D); however, the direct anastomosis of CBD to the jejunum is associated with a higher incidence of bacteremia and stenosis. Folding the CBD edges inside-out, associated with decreased number of sutures joining the duct to the intestine. Introduction of the duct to intestine through an intestinal intramural channel and finally, formation of a papillary fold or prominence, all could be seen? promising approaches to overcome the difficulties encountered in a classic bile duct anastomosis.      

Introduction: To qualify and evaluate workplace exposure to airborne "free crystalline silica dust" in the Ferrosilicon manufacturing plant and to assess pulmonary functions and respiratory symptoms among workers in the industry established four years ago. Attempts were made to investigate whether a four years period of exposure to silica dust may alter lung function values and result in respiratory symptoms. Materials and Methods: Individual monitoring and size-selective gravimetric sampling procedures were used to estimate worker's exposure to total and respirable size dust levels. Gravimetric and x-ray diffraction techniques were used to quantify airborne dust' concentrations and free crystalline silica contents of samples respectively subjects were interviewed by a standardized respiratory questionnaire spirometry tests and chest radiography were taken to evaluate the effects of work place exposure on worker's health. Mean lung function values and respiratory symptoms incidences were compared in studied groups by t-test, chi square and logistic regression analyses. Results: Total gravimetric dust concentrations ranged from 4.1 to 22 mg/m3 while respirable mass fractions ranged from 1.5 to 12.5 mg/m3.Free crystalline silica concentrations in collected dust samples measured at least 1.2% and maximum 6.3%.There were no significant differences in smoking habit, age and years of employment between studied subjects. Forced Expiratory Volume in one second FEV1 (P=0.1) and the ratio of Forced Expiratory Volume in one second to Forced Vital Capacity (P=0.1) were significantly lower in exposed workers than unexposed group, but no differences were found in other lung function values between subjects. Work related respiratory symptoms including pulmonary infiltration, sputum and coughing were slightly more prevalent among workers but the differences were not significant. Conclusion: Current exposure to respirable silica dust is higher than the threshold limit value calculated at 1.1 mg/m3 based on American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists formula. Free crystalline silica contents of airborne dust should be considered as a substantial hazardous agent and may alter lung function after short period of exposure therefore engineering preventive measures are needed to minimize the exposure.      

Introduction: Migraine headaches are a common neurologic disorder that physicians frequently encounter in their practice. They can be disabling, leading to the individual's suffering if not treated appropriately and quickly. There is a variety of medications and treatment approaches that can be used to relieve pain. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of progressive muscle relaxation (P.M.R), which is slowly muscle contraction and deep relaxation, on patients suffering from migraine headaches. Material and Methods: Thirty one students and staff of Semnan University of medical sciences who were affected by classic migraine participated in this study. They performed a muscle relaxation training program (M.R.T.P) for a period of 6 weeks. Total headache activity and migraine intensity during 6 weeks before MR TP and 6 weeks within the MRTP were recorded using an categorical verbal rating scale by patient. Results: The comparison of data before and after relaxation therapy showed that relaxation treatment significantly (P < 0.001) reduced total headache sum and intensity scores of total headache activity. Conclusion: The findings indicate that MR TP is an appropriate method for treatment of migraine headache without any side effects, which can be found.      

Introduction: The effectiveness of θ-pattern primed-burst (PBs) for the induction of long-term potentiation (LTP) of population excitatory postsynaptic potential (pEPSP) and population spikes (PS) were investigated in hippocampal CA1 of pentylenetetrazol-kindled rats. Materials and Methods: Experiments were carried out in the control and kindled animals. Field potentials (pEPSP and PS) were recorded at stratum radiatum and stratum pyramidale following stimulation of the stratum fibers, respectively. PBs was delivered to stratum fibers and PB potentiation was assessed. Results: The results showed that 48-144 h after kindling PB potentiation in stratum radiatum of kindled animals was not significantly changed compared to controls. In stratum pyramidale PBs induced LTP in control animals but not in kindled ones. Conclusion: The effect is compatible with the hypothesis that postulate kindling associated functional deficit in hippocampus, especially CA1, as an explanation for the behavioral deficits seen with the kindling model of epilepsy.      

Introduction The present experiment examined the role of the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) in the acquisition and consolidation of spatial memory in place avoidance learning task. Materials and Methods: Male Long-Evans strain rats were surgically implanted bilaterally with cannulae aimed at the OFC and were trained to avoid a 60 degree segment of the arena entering which was punished by mild footshock. Place avoidance training occurred in a single 30-min session and the avoidance memory was assessed during a 30-min extinction trial 24 h later. The time to the first entry and the number of entrances into the punished sector during extinction were used to measure the place avoidance memory. Retention test was done one day later. Results: Results indicated that infusion of TTX 60 min before (acquisition phase) and immediately after training (consolidation phase) into OFC significantly impaired retention performance. Conclusion: The above results show that OFC plays an important role in acquisition and consolidation of spatial memory in place avoidance learning task.