Social capital Management
Year:2020 | Volume:7 | Issue:3|Papers Count:7

One of the major issues in sociology is the role of ideology and religious values in sociological theories and social phenomena. The most prominent example of these teachings is a statement by Lady Fatima (a), saying that Allah has asked people to follow Ahl al-Bayt (a) in order to establish the social system and set them as the leaders to prevent divisions. The hypothesis of this paper is that this statement is a reference to the theory of social capital underlying Imamate, as this article defines social capital theory as generalized theorems in a desirable social interactive network that has a reasoning consistency element. This element is the degree to which following the religious guardianship will introduce systemic order as well as psychological and behavioral security to the highest levels of social capital.

Social capital represents the power of norms and the density of social networks in a region. An economic, social factor can influence the decision-makers’ decisions regarding management resources through different strategies. Therefore, companies with higher social capital show less symmetry in the behavior of costs. Consequently, consensual capital prevents managers from making decisions that modify opportunistic resources that cause cost adhesion. Therefore, based on this argument, the present study examines the relationship between social capital and asymmetric costs behavior of companies. For this purpose, three criteria of social, occupational, and political communication were used to measure the social capital of managers. The hypothesis testing was performed using regression analysis of a combined set of data related to 73 companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2005 to 2018. Following multivariate regression models, the research findings show that social capital reduces the asymmetric behavior of costs by reducing managers' opportunistic motivations and thus reduces the adhesion of costs in the company. In addition, the result of the second hypothesis is that social capital created through managers' social communication with employees increases management optimism and as a result, the adhesion of costs in the company increases.

In recent years, social and human aspects of development are more taken into considerations in Iran as a result of the people-oriented and community-based discourse in the country, confronting the mainstream economic and top-down approaches. In this discourse, the stress is put on strengthening social capital to empower the civic associations to become the main agent of development. In this qualitative research, five cases in community-based interventions in Iran are studied by deep interviews with their main practitioners. After coding the interviews and other related reports using Thematic Analysis, the 'intervention dimensions' emerge and the cases are compared in each dimension. Then, the similar issues in community-based development in Iran are identified and compared to the usual approaches in development programs in the country. Finally, it is shown that despite the similarities, each case has adopted its own specific issues and theory of change that has not been mentioned explicitly in the existing literature.

In the current era, the optimal utilization and management of organizational resources (especially human capital) is essential as the most important organizational asset, and organizations must adopt a strategic approach to aligning human resource management and environmental management practices. On the other hand, if green human resource management is implemented successfully, social capital can be created in the organization and its benefits can be exploited. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of green human resource management and social capital on employees’ ecofriendly behavior. In this regard, the role of social capital as an independent and mediating variable is examined. This study is applied in terms of research purpose and is a survey in terms of method. The statistical population of the study consisted of petrochemical companies active in South Pars. In order to assess the variables of the study, a questionnaire was used. In addition to the Construct and content validation of the questionnaire, Cronbach's alpha reliability coefficient was found to be 0. 93. The collected data were analyzed using statistical software packages SPSS and LISREL. The results of data analysis showed that green human resource management had a positive and significant effect on environmental behavior and social capital. Although the results show that social capital has no significant effect on environmental behavior, it does play a positive mediating role between green human resource management and environmental behavior.

One of the destructive psychological disorders on employee performance is the creation of a negative attitude towards the organization, which is interpreted as organizational paranoia. Organizations can use the concepts of organizational transparency and social capital to prevent the formation of this phenomenon. The present study was conducted with the aim of organizational paranoid management with an emphasis on the variables of organizational transparency and social capital, which is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-correlation in terms of method. The statistical population of the study consisted of a number of employees of government organizations in Mazandaran province, out of which 191 people were selected as the research sample using cluster random sampling method. The data collection tool was a questionnaire whose reliability and validity were confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha and combined reliability by professors and experts familiar with the subject. Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation test and structural equation modeling by SPSS and PLS software packages. Structural equation modeling findings showed that all paths from organizational transparency and social capital to organizational paranoid management and the ones from organizational transparency through social capital mediator to organizational paranoid management are significant and the relationships between them are confirmed. It can be concluded that investing in social capital and increasing organizational transparency can help manage the organizational paranoia of employees.

Social capital is a social norm that strengthens the social relations network and collaboration between people. In social relationships, personal beauty is desirable and significant because it extends the social network of individuals, brings relatively more social success to the individual, and develops one's social capital. The aim of this study was to identify and prioritize individual beauty indicators effective in expanding social capital. The present study is applied and descriptive. To collect data, questionnaires based on multicriteria decision-making methods used in this study were used, which were completed by Shiraz University experts. Data were analyzed using the combined approach of Dematel and ANP in fuzzy space. The results showed that the hidden factors of personal beauty are more effective in developing individuals' social capital than the obvious ones. The results also showed that among the factors, being a good listener with a weight of 0. 178 and positive thinking with a weight of 0. 168 had the most impact on the development of social capital.

Nowadays, the accountability to the social needs of the society and the consideration of moral disciplines are the necessities that the organizations need to have in order to increase their legitimacy. This would be possible in the light of social capital development of the organization. In this respect, the present research aimed to study the effect of social capital on the social accountability with an emphasis on the role of business ethics. The study is an applied descriptive-correlational research. The statistical population of the research included the managers and employees of the private bank branches of Ilam province. All in all, 203 members were selected from among them as the sample using simple random sampling method. The standard questionnaire was used for collecting data. The statistical analyses of the data were done by structural equation modeling after the confirmation of their reliability and validity., In addition to the confirmation of the research model fitness, the findings revealed that the social accountability was directly affected by social capital level and business ethics. Furthermore, it was found that the social accountability influenced indirectly the social accountability through business ethics. Accordingly, the bank managers can use the social capital concepts and business ethics to facilitate and encourage social accountability in their organizations.