Research in Medicine
Year:2021 | Volume:44 | Issue:4|Papers Count:13

Background: The effects of herbal medicine in management of chronic diseases, such as diabetes, are under investigation. One of the most recent herbal medicine for the management of diabetes is nigella Sativa. The mechanism of the effect of nigella Sativa on diabetes is not clear. One of the mechanisms that improves insulin resistance among type 2 diabetes is an increase in adiponectin concentration and a decrease in serum leptin concentration, but only a few studies have examined the effect of nigella Sativa on leptin and adiponectin concentrations. The aim of the present doubleblind randomized controlled clinical trial was to investigate the effect of nigella Sativa oil extract on serum leptin and adiponectin concentrations in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and methods: A total of 43 type 2 diabetic patients, aged 55-30 years (20 women, age: 6. 3± 53. 7 years), were randomly assigned to intervention (n=23) and control (n=20) groups. Intervention group took 2 capsules (500 mg extract of black seed oil) per day, while control group took 2 capsules (500 mg, placebo) both for 8 weeks. Leptin and adiponectin concentrations were measured at baseline and again after the-8week intervention. To calculate changes in leptin and adiponectin, baseline and end-of-intervention values were used to compare baseline and end-ofintervention values in each group using paired t-test. Results: Extract of black seed oil significantly decreased leptin concentrations in the intervention group (baseline 0. 6± 7. 3; after intervention 0. 3 ± 5. 2, p < 0. 005) compared to the control group (baseline 0. 9 ± 7. 6, after intervention 0. 9 ± 7. 8, p=0. 41). There was no significant change in adiponectin concentrations after both Nigella Sativa Oil Extract and placebo consumption. Conclusion: It seems that Nigella Sativa Oil Extract reduces serum leptin concentrations in type 2 diabetic patients; however, no significant effect on adiponectin concentrations was found.

Backgroundm: The importance of fertility and its issues, as the most important factor in changing population size, has led to an increase in fertility studies and related issues. Infertility is an active impotence. Wheat, with the scientific name of Triticum Sativum Lam, belongs to the Poaceae family. Wheat germ is one of the largest germs of flowering plants. Considering the high consumption of wheat by Iranians and the fact that infertility is one of the problems affecting the family, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of administration of Triticum sativum hydroalcoholic extract on estrogen, progesterone, luteinizing (LH), and follicle stimulating hormones (FSH) in adult female rats. Materials and Methods: An experimental study was performed on 30 female rats within the range of 250-200 mg and approximately 3 months divided into 5 groups of 6, including control, positive control and 100, 50, and 150 mg/kg doses of wheat hydro-alcoholic extract. Prescriptions were taken as gavage for 21 days. At the end of the treatment, after taking blood samples, the levels of estrogen, progesterone, LH, and FSH were measured and the data were analyzed using quantitative data analysis. Results: The results showed that wheat had a significant increase in the levels of progesterone (p = 0. 03), estrogen (p = 0. 04), LH (p = 0. 03), and FSH (p = 0. 0) compared to those of the control group. Conclusion: It seems that the use of wheat hydroalcoholic extract increased the levels of progesterone, estrogen, LH and FSH. Probably, high levels of LH secretion increase the level of FSH, activation of the apple, and subsequent production of progesterone from granulosa cells in the corpus luteum.

Background: The ulna is one of the most important bones of the upper limb. The fractures of the olecranon process of this bone are very common. At the same time, characterizing the Proximal Ulna Dorsal Angulation (PUDA) is on a high level of importance and if it remains untreated, it results in functional problems in the elbow in the future. Therefore, the purpose study was conducted to determine the PUDA and Tip to apex distance (Tad) in patients referred to hospitals located in Tehran in 19-2018. Methods: In the current descriptive study, we used 120 bilateral lateral elbow radiographs to evaluate two variables, PUDA, and (Tad). SPSS was used for statistical analyses with the significance level set at 0. 05. Results: Participants’ average age was 10. 83 ± 33. Also, the PUDA was 1. 65 ± 5. 65 ° and the (Tad) was 52. 54 11. 23 ± mm. Data analyses showed that there was no significant PUDA difference between the two sexes and independently in each sex (p <0. 25). There was also no significant difference in the (Tad) between sexes and independently in each sex (p <0. 5). Conclusion: The two variables of angulation and distance seem to be valuable clinical signs for orthopedic surgeons that can help them choose the appropriate platinum for surgery and malformations.

Background: Obesity is a global challenge due to the positive energy balance. Exercise training is one of the best methods for managing obesity and related disorders. The present study was conducted to determine the effect of tow types of High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) alone and Combined with Resistance Training (CHRT) on lipid profiles and glucose, insulin, and insulin resistance in overweight/obese middle-aged women. Methods: The present experimental research was performed on 24 middle-aged overweight/obese women divided into two homogeneous HIIT (5 days/week, n=12) and CHRT (3 days/week HIIT with 2 days/week resistance training, n=12) groups for ten weeks. The HIIT protocol consisted of alternating bouts of highintensity exercise at %85-%80 of VO2max with active breaks at %60 of VO2max and resistance training protocol conducted to a circuit-weight training with %80-75 of-1RM. Blood samples were collected 48 hours before and after the training period, and then the data were analyzed using SPSS. Results: The findings showed that the reductions of BMI and WHR were not significant in the HIIT group (p>05/0), but the percentages of body fat, cholesterol, TG, HDL, LDL, glucose, insulin and insulin resistance significantly decreased in both groups (p<05/0). WHR and lipid profiles were significantly different between the two groups (p<05/0), and the change level was greater in CHRT group. Conclusion: The results of the current study showed that CHRT, through the dual effects of the compensatory mechanisms of both training methods, can better lead to weight loss and adjusted metabolic status in middleaged overweight/obese women compared with HIIT.

Background: Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) is one of the common metabolic diseases among pregnant women that needs delicate monitoring and control to improve the metabolic condition and to reduce pregnancy complications. Despite scarce data on the effect of probiotic supplementation on glycemic control and serum lipids concentrations in women with GDM, probiotic supplements and their effects on pregnancy outcome have become the center of focus in research. In the present study, we aimed to determine the impact of probiotic supplementation on glycemic control, lipid profiles, pregnancy, and infancy outcomes in GDM patients. Methods: In the current clinical trial, 120 GDM patients underwent a specific diet. Patients were divided into two separate groups to receive either probiotic supplements (N=60) or a matching placebo (n=60). The study groups received nutrition counseling and the patients received treatment for six weeks. Demographic characteristics (participants’ age, gestational age, gravidity, and BMI) were evaluated and serum levels of Fasting Blood Sugar (FBS), Triglyceride, Total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol were examined before and after the intervention, respectively. Besides, weight of the newborn infants, Apgar scores, the requirement of using insulin among pregnant mothers, and pregnancy outcomes were examined carefully. For statistical analysis, SPSS, version 20, was used running Student› s t and Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: There were no significant differences in demographic characteristics between the two groups. All the participants were in the early second trimester period. After six weeks of intervention, probiotic supplementation resulted in a significant decrease in FBS (p=0. 01) and the requirement for insulin administration was significantly lower in comparison with the control group (P=0. 026). In addition, we observed elevated lipid profiles in both groups. A significant rise in serum HDL (P=0. 01) was also observed following supplementation with the probiotics and a significant elevated serum level of LDL in the control group (P=0. 01). In the group with the probiotic supplementation diet, the weight of newborn infants (P=0. 001) and pregnancy complications (P=0. 028) were also significantly lower in comparison with those of the control group. Conclusion: The results of our study demonstrated that using probiotic supplements in women with GDM had beneficial effects on glycemic control, reduction of the requirement of using insulin, serum LDL cholesterol concentration, serum HDL cholesterol concentration, and less adverse pregnancy and infancy outcomes.

Background: The emergence of infectious diseases around the world is a threat, especially with the emergence of bacteria that are resistant to antibiotics. The current advances in nanotechnology have led to the development of new antimicrobial agents. In the current study, the antibacterial effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on Yersinia enterocolitica and Enterococcus faecalis were investigated. Materials and Methods: In the present experimental study, two standard bacteria of Yersinia enterocolitica and Enterococcus faecalis and two isolates from a previous study were assessed using x-ray fluorescence (XRF). Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were assessed using disk diffusion method. Zinc acetate and distilled water were considered as positive and negative controls, respectively. All experiments were repeated three times. GraphPad Prism Statistical software was used for data analysis and ANOVA was used for analysis of variances with the significance level set at P ≤ 0. 05. Results: MIC value of zinc oxide nanoparticles for all tested bacteria was 4 mg/ml and MBC values were calculated to be 4 mg/ml for standard strain and Yersinia enterocolitica isolate and 64 mg/ml for standard strain and Enterococcus faecalis isolate. Conclusion: The gram-negative bacterium Yersinia enterocolitica had a more severe decrease compared to the gram-positive bacterium Enterococcus faecalis. According to the results, it can be hoped that these nanoparticles can be used in different parts of the food industry to inhibit or reduce the growth of microorganisms present in food.

Background: Adipose tissue plays an important role in type 2 diabetes pathogenesis by secreting different adipokines, such as IL6-and CRP. Regarding the role of physical activity in reducing inflammatory factors and uncertainty about the most effective models of training, the aim of the present study was to compare the effects of eight weeks of continuous and high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the IL6-and CRP gene expression in adipose tissue of type 2 diabetic Rats. Methods: After induction of type 2 diabetes (with seven months of high-fat diet containing %30 fat and %25 fructose), a total of 21 male Wistar rats were divided into three groups of control, continuous training, and HIIT. Continuous and HIIT training programs were performed for eight weeks and five sessions per week. IL6-and CRP expressions were determined using Real Time PCR assay. Data were analyzed running oneway analysis of variance and Tukey post-hock test at the significance level set at p≤ 05. 0. Results: A significant decrease in IL6-gene expression was observed in HIIT and continuity groups compared to the control group (p <0. 001) and the decrease in IL6-expression in HIIT group was significant as compared to the continuity group (p = 0. 022). This rate in the continuity and periodicity groups were 0. 09± 0. 38 and 06. ± 0. 62, respectively; a significant decrease in CRP expression was observed in both trained groups compared to the control group (0. 001>p). This rate in the continuity and periodicity groups were 0. 6 0. 6 /1 and 0. 56 ± 0. 056, respectively. Conclusion: HIIT seems to be more effective in reducing adipose tissue inflammation compared with continuous training.

Background: Spermatogonial Stem Cells (SSCs) are used as an excellent model system for differentiation, development, and functioning of testes and provide a source of cells for infertility treatment and production of transgenic animals and recombinant drugs. The aim of the present study was to determine the effects of different concentrations of melatonin on prepubertal lamb's spermatogonial colony formation. Methods: An experimental study was conducted. Each treatment was replicated 5 times. Testicular cells were isolated from testes of prepubertal lambs using two-step enzymatic digestion and then cultured for 10 days. Control cells (C) were grown in basic DMEM media with %1 antibiotic and %5 FBS. Treated cells were grown in basic media with 1 µ mol/ml (T1) or 1 nmol/ml (T2) melatonin. Culture media was changed every 72h and SSCs colony formation was monitored via inverted microscope. Data were analyzed running one way ANOVA. P values less than %5 were considered as statistically significant. Results: SSCs were identified via immunocytochemistry assay against PGP9. 5. Number and surface area of colonies were greater in T1 group than C and T2 groups on day 7 (P=0. 04587). Conclusion: The findings suggest that simultaneous addition of 1 µ mol/ml melatonin to culture media may increase in vitro colony formation of prepubertal sheep SSCs. So, addition of above dose of melatonin to SSCs culture media is suggested.

Background: Platelets undergo a series of biochemical, functional, and morphological changes during storage that are collectively called platelet storage damage, which can reduce platelet function and survival. Oxidative damage is one of the leading causes of platelet storage damage. Therefore, in the present study, an attempt has been made to determine the effect of oxidative stress on platelets during storage. This research was conducted in 2017 at the Research Center of the Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization. Materials and Methods: In the current experimental study, 10 platelet concentrate bags prepared by platelet-rich plasma (PRP) were examined. Research parameters include measurement of mitochondrail reactive oxygen species (ROS), concentration of malondialdehyde (MDA), concentration of nitric oxide metabolites (nitrate / nitrite), activity of lactate dehydrogenase enzyme (LDH) and platelet count on days 1, 3, 5 and 7 of platelet storage. Statistical analysis of variance was used to describe the obtained data Results: According to the results, ROS (16. 22± 37), MDA (11. 6± 22. 2) concentration and LDH enzyme activity (310± 3680) increased significantly (P<0. 001) while PLT count was significantly decreased (P<0. 001). Conclusion: It seems that oxidative damage occurred in platelet with increasing radical oxygen species and lipid peroxidation which can reduce platelet count and platelet viability during platelet storage. Using antioxidant as an additive in platelet concentrate may decrease oxidative damage and increase platelet viability and quality during storage.

Background: Human health has a close relationship with sleep quality and quantity. The aim of the present study was to determine sleep quality in the elderly suffering from cardiovascular disorders. Materials and Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 147 patients suffering from coronary artery disease who visited Imam Ali hospital in Kermanshah city. Data collection was performed using Pittsburgh sleep inventory and Beck's depression inventory. Descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation test were used to analyze the data. Data analysis was performed using SPSS, version 25. Results: A total of 131 participants (%89. 1) were observed to have poor sleep quality: 84 patients (%64. 1) had a score between 9-5 which indicates mild sleep problems, 41 patients (%31. 2) had a score between-10 14 which indicates moderate sleep problems, and 6 patients (4. 5) had a score between 21-15 showing severe sleep problems. Average score for all participants was 3. 36± 8. 29 which indicates that patients suffering from coronary artery disease have poor sleep quality. Also, it was found that age and education had no significant effect on sleep quality, while parameters such as gender, body mass index, and psychological variables, including depression, anxiety, and rumination, were correlated with sleep quality (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Our results demonstrated that coronary disease patiets suffer from poor sleep quality. Also, since psychological variables, such as depression and anxiety, had a correlation with sleep quality, preventive actions are required to mitigate these psychological issues.

Background: Exercise training is referred to as the most important non-pharmacological strategy to cardioprotective effects of preconditioning. On the other hand, oxidative stress is one of the most important factors affecting myocardial infarction during ischemia-reperfusion injury. The molecular mechanism of this process is not known yet. However, it is likely that physical activity may decrease infarction size during myocardial ischemia-reperfusion by reducing oxidative stress. Therefore, in the present study, we evaluated the cardioprotective effects of swimming training preconditioning on antioxidant enzymes and infarction size-induced myocardial ischemia-reperfusion in male Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: In the present experimental study, 20 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control and training groups. The training group performed swimming training for 10 weeks (5 days per week, each session for 60 min). All subjects underwent myocardial ischemia (30 min) reperfusion (120 min) surgery after intervention. Then, infarction size and oxidative stress indices were measured. The data was analyzed using Independent t-test at the significance level of 0. 05 (P≤ 0. 05). Results: Antioxidant indices GSH, GPx, and Catalase induced-myocardial ischemia reperfusion were not different between the groups (p= 0. 19, p=0. 38, p=0. 86 respectively), but MDA and MPO were significantly lower in the training group than in the control group (p=0. 04 and p=0. 01 respectively). Also, infarction size area following ischemia reperfusion in the training group was %8 less (p=0. 01) than that of the control group. Conclusion: It seems that 10 weeks of swimming training reduced infarction size after myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by reducing free radical production. These changes suggest protective preconditioning effects of swimming exercises.

Background: The staff members in ICU are the major carriers with different devices such as catheters. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antibody reaction against immunogenic peptides of ompA designed as a candidate vaccine Against acinetobacter baumannii. Materials and method: A total of 62 serum samples were obtained from exposed ICU staffs in Tehran Firoozabadi and Dezful Ganjavian hospitals and non-exposed individuals and patients suffering from SLE. In order to increase specificity and to decrease non-specific anti body, all the serums were preadsorped with E-coli Lysate. In order to determine positive reaction of samples with Acinetobacter baumannii lysate due to detection of existence of antibodies against Acinetobacter baumannii, ELISA technique was used. Results: The results showed that out of 33 samples of exposed serum, 75% was positive. Also, from among 22 samples of non-exposed individuals, 27% was positive. Strongly positive serum with lysates were reacted with only peptide 5 of ompA Acinetobacter baumannii. Conclusion: Obtained results showed that not only exposed samples had a lot more Ab titre in comparison to non-exposed sample, but these groups had also significant higher titer of Abs against peptide 5. In other words, it can be concluded that the colonization of Acinetobacter baumannii in population is growing year by year. More research should be carried out to demonstrate the exact role of antibody against Acinetobacter baumannii and immunologic peptides.

Background: Intense physical activity releases oxygen free radicals and causes oxidative damage in biological macromolecules. One of the ways to counter the adverse effects of oxidative stress from exercise is to use oral antioxidant supplements. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of 10 weeks of aerobic training with sesamin supplementation on non-enzymatic stress oxidative markers in male athletes. Materials and Methods: A total of 40 male athletes with a minimum of 4 years of continuous exercise experience participated voluntarily in the current quasi-experimental study. Participants were randomly divided into four groups: placebo (n=10), exercise (n=10), exercise + supplement (n=10), and supplement (n=10). The intervention was for 10 weeks and included an aerobic exercise (four days per week, each session for 30-35 minutes) and supplementation of sesamine (3 tablets of 17 mg per week). Blood samples were obtained at six stages including pre-test (baseline, immediately after, and 24 hours after a heavy training session) and post-test (after 10 weeks of aerobic training and 24 hours after an intensive training session). Data were analyzed using repeated measure ANOVA in SPSS at the significance level set at p <0. 05. Results: After 10 weeks of aerobic training and supplementation of sesamine, plasma levels of TAC and uric acid significantly increased (P = 0. 001) and bilirubin (P = 0. 007) and total plasma protein (P = 0. 001) decreased significantly. Conclusion: It seems that supplementation of sesamine with aerobic activity with proper volume to improve non-enzymatic antioxidant status of athletes may be useful and can strengthen antioxidant system.