Archives of Rehabilitation (Journal of Rehabilitation)
Year:2015 | Volume:16 | Issue:2|Papers Count:11

Objective: The purpose of the present study was to analyze the concept of occupational therapy handling in the children with cerebral palsy from the perspective of occupational therapy instructors and clinicians in Iran.Materials and Methods: In this qualitative study, the hybrid model was used in three phases to analyze the concept of handling in the children with cerebral palsy. In the theoretical phase, we conducted a review of relevant articles published until the year 2014 in authentic databases. In the fieldwork phase, the sampling was done randomly through deep and semi-structured interviews with six clinical therapists and meeting with the presence of 11 therapists and two observations in clinic. Then, the results were written and the content was analyzed. In the final phase, the two previous phases were generally analyzed.Results: The results were classified in five main categories as: (1) care of child, (2) management of treatment, (3) manual techniques, (4) education of activities of daily living (ADL), and (5) lifting and carrying. According to the participants, core attributes of handling include “control, safety, transfer and positioning”.Conclusion: It seems that the results of this study may help in clarifying the concept of occupational therapy handling in children with CP. In addition, by identifying the process, barriers and facilitative factors, and the concept of handling, occupational therapy instructors and therapists will be able to design and run their educational activities based on scientific findings which can provide them with the necessary conditions for education, learning and proper execution of handling in occupational therapy.

Objective: This research was made The purpose of this research was to study to the personal- social developmental screening of 4-60 months old children in Tehran city by DDST-II and ASQ and determining to determine the agreement coefficient of two tests.Materials & Methods: Convenient sampling was used. In this study the personal-social developmental status of 197 children 4-60 months old in Tehran city were screened by using ASQ and PDQ (93 girls and 104 boys). Data was were analyzed by SPSS software version 13.Results: By using DDST-II and ASQ, personal-social developmental delay was detected in 11% and 1.5% of children respectively. The estimated consistency coefficient between DDST-II and ASQ for Personal social domain was 0.06.Conclusion: In this study, personal-social developmental screening of children showed different results and kappa measure agreement of two tests was weak. For selecting a suitable tool we must consider the psychometric characteristics (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predicting power) of the tool. This study showed revealed that the results of developmental screening of 4-60 months old children in Tehran by using ASQ and PDQ lead to different results. This finding emphasizes the need to comparing compare the results of screening tests with a diagnostic gold standard test.

Objective: Intellectual disability affects all aspects of individual’s life, while use of parenting educational programs has been associated with strong outcomes. The aim of the present research was to determine the effectiveness of positive parenting program (Triple-P) training on interaction of mother-child with intellectual disability.Materials & Methods: The present research was a quasi-experimental study by pre-test, post-test design and control group. The study population included 40 mothers of children with intellectual disability in Varamin and Pakdasht provinces who were selected by random clustering method from exceptional schools. Participants were divided into two groups (experimental and control group), each of which was consisted of 20 individuals. Experimental group received Triple-P in 10 sessions while control group did not. The instrument of present research was parent child relationship scale (PCRS) of Piyanta (1994). The obtained data were statistically analyzed by MANCOVA using SPSS (version 16).Results: Findings showed that experimental and control groups had significant difference at least in one of subscales of the PCRS (P<0.001). The final results of MANCOVA revealed that Triple-P had significant and positive effect on the conflict, closeness, dependency, and positive relationship (P<0.001).Conclusion: The results indicated that Triple-P training has led to the improvement of interaction of mother- child with intellectual disability. It is suggested that specialists promote interaction of mother-child with intellectual disability with implementation of Triple-P training.

Objective: The aim of this study was assessing the effect of feedback correcting exercise in front of mirror during running on frontal plane knee and pelvic kinematic and electromyography activity of some lower extremity muscles in single leg squat (SLS).Materials & Methods: The present research was a quasi-experimental study by pre-test, post-test design and control group. 23 active and healthy female subjects participated in two experimental and control groups with mean age (21.86±2.43) years. The subjects were selected from among students of physical education in Tehran University through convenient sampling method. Experimental group contained subjects with knee valgus and pelvic drop angle more than a mean plus and one standard deviation of the population in functional SLS. Muscular activity (RMS) of gluteus maximus, Gluteus medius, rectus femoris, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris and semitendinosus, angle of knee valgus and pelvic drop were registered in end of SLS before and after 8 training sessions. The variables were compared between two groups with independent t statistical test and pair sample t-test was done within each groups with significant level of 0.05 The SPSS (version 16) was applied for statistical analysis.Results: Statistical analysis before training showed no significant differences in pelvic drop between two groups (P³0.05), but knee valgus angle was significantly more than control group (P£0.05). However, most muscle activities (MVC%) were greater in experimental group, but except biceps femoris (P£0.05), no significant difference (P³0.05) has been observed in two groups. Comparing pre and posttest has showed no significant difference in knee valgus of experimental group, however it decreased around 2 degrees and although MVC% decreased in all muscles, just rectuse femoris has shown significant difference (P£0.05). No significant difference has seen in control group in all variables (P³0.05).Conclusion: Findings showed poor neuromuscular control in experimental group which has been improved to some extent after training because lower muscle activity and energy consumption in specific movement with similar kinematic indicates improvement of motor control or learning. It seems that mirror corrective exercise is responsible for learning by activating mirror neurons. Also decreasing muscular activity in movements will decrease fatigue, and since many injuries are related to fatigue, it can be stated that by decreasing fatigue, injuries probably will decrease. Although, there is some evidence that this training may cause positive changes in knee valgus and lower limb neuromuscular activity, but more researches are needed to be done in order to reach certain results.

Objective: Mothers of children with spinabifida spend more time to care for their children. Doing this care, depending on the child’s functional mobility level, can probably cause damages to physical and mental health of mothers. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the quality of life (QOL) of mothers of children with spinabifida (SB), according to the Hoffer ambulatory criteria.Material and Methods: This research was a descriptive- analytical study which was done with cross-sectional method. The sample of this study consisted of mothers of children with SB (2.5-14 years old), in Tehran. The sample were selected by convenience sampling method clinics affiliated to University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences. 203 mothers were qualified for the study. The tools of study included Hoffer criteria for determing the levels of ambulation in children with SB and SF-36 questionnaire for specifying the quality of life of mothers. Data were analyzed using t test, ANOVA and MANOVA in SPSS (version 18).Results: In this study, there were significant differences in mean scores on the physical component summary (PCS) (P<0.01) and mental component summary (MCS) of SF36 (P<0.01) in mothers of children with SB in Hoffer levels. The significant difference in PCS and MCS of SF-36, was related to the level I with the other levels of Hoffer criteria. There were no significant difference in mean score for the PCS and MCS of the QOL of mothers for sex and child’s age levels (P>0.05). There were a significant differences in mean PCS and MCS of QOL of mothers in different types of SB (P<0.01). This significant difference was related to aculta with meningocele and myelomeningocele (P<0.01).Conclusion: The dimensions of PCS and MCS of SF36 of mother with SB were affected with types of SB and increasing the levels of Hoffer. In conclusion, mothers of children with SB require paying attention to their QOL during treatment of the child. In addition, the services should be created to support the physical and psychological aspects of the QOL.

Objectives: Occupation has been used as an essential core of therapy in Occupational therapy (OT) paradigm from its beginning. Besides primary emphasis of OT pioneers; the OT practitioners do not care about using it seriously yet. So, this study was designed to explore the current method of delivering occupational therapy services among Iranian occupational therapists.Materials & Methods: The qualitative conventional content analysis with purposeful sampling method was used in this study. 14 occupational therapists participated in this study. Semi structured interviews were used for data gathering. The data gathering continued until reaching data saturation. The interviews were analyzed through constant comparative analysis using MAXQDA 2007 software.Results: The interviews analysis revealed 66 codes that resulted to six sub themes and three themes including: Occupation based OT (occupation based assessment and planning –hard working circumstances for occupation based therapists), technique based OT (inattention to occupation based practice top down approach to assessment and planning-inattention to client-centered practice) and combined occupation and techniques based OT (assessment and planning with combined approach) Conclusion: It seems that the Iranian occupational therapists have deviated from their philosophical paradigm (occupation based practice) and tended to technique based OT. Lots of possible reasons such as contextual barriers, non-acceptance from clients’ perspective and educational challenges are considered in this issue. Therefore, the policy makers ought to plan and supervise to solve these challenges and to facilitate implementing occupation based practice.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks selected sport trainings on perceptual- motor skills among typical obese girls and girls with Down syndrome (aged 7-13).Materials & Methods: In this quasi-experimental study with control group, 22 obese children with Down syndrome and 22 typical obese children who were selected purposefully participated in 24 purposeful sport training sessions. All groups were assessed with Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency before and after training sessions.Results: The findings showed that both groups of participants significantly developed in their gross motor skills (P<0.05) but not in fine skills. Also, the results indicated that obese children with Down syndrome had significantly (P<0.05) higher progress in both gross and fine motor skills than typical children.Conclusion: Despite of the variety of influential genetic and environmental constraints on obese children with Down syndrome, they can develop their perceptual-motor skills via purposeful sport trainings such as play and leisure. Necessity of early perceptual-motor training is discussed.

Objective: Social protection is one of the most important predictors of people’s health. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between social support and life quality, among disabled’s of Raad’s educational institutes.Materials & Methods: In this cross-correlation research 195 disabled’s aged between18-35 were selected with stratified random sampling method from Ra’ad’s institutes (Alghadir, Shargh and Markazi). Questionnaires of the Vaux social support and the Lancashire life quality were used. To analyze the data, Pearson: and Spearman correlation coefficients and regression and Spss 14 software were used.Results Obtained results revealed a significant relationship between social support subscales (family, friends and other’s social support) with Psychological factors (Psychological comfort and self-concept) and Social Factors (Social and family relationships) of life quality in handicaps (P<0.01).Conclusion: The results of the present study confirm the importance of social support in the disabled’s life quality, therefore it is necessary to consider the social support as a high supplier of quality of life, in disabled’s health promotion interventions design.