Archives of Rehabilitation (Journal of Rehabilitation)
Year:2015 | Volume:15 | Issue:4|Papers Count:13

Objective: The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of response inhibition training on working memory in male students with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder.Materials & Methods: The present research was a quasi-experimental study by pre-test, post-test design and with control group. Forty male students with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (8 to 10 years old) were selected by convenience sampling method from schools of Varamin and Gharchak province.They were divided into experimental and control group (each group 20 individuals) randomly and equally.The experimental group participated in response inhibition training in 10 sessions (two sessions weekly, each lasted for 60 minutes), while control group did not. Cornoldy Working Memory Test was used for assessment of all participants. Data were analyzed by analysis of covariance through SPSS version 16.Results: Findings showed that response inhibition training had positive and significant effect on the working memory of students with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (P<0.001).Conclusion: The results indicated that response inhibition training program has improved working memory of male students with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. It is suggested that specialists promote working memory of students with attention deficit/ hyperactivity disorder with designing and implementing response inhibition training program.

Objectives: The aim of this study is to compare traditional exercises & body weight supported training (BWST) exercises on sensory-motor function, quality and quantity of walking in paraplegic spinal cord injured persons.Materials & Methods: 17 paraplegic spinal cord injured persons (Asia B, C), age 32.53±1.793 years, height 175.71±1.658 cm, weight 71.59±2.442 kg, and body mass index (BMI) 23.18±0.828 kg/m were selected voluntarily and through convenient sampling method. The subjects were assigned to BWSTT group (N=10) and traditional exercises group (N=7) according to ASIA Impairment Scale (AIS). The subjects were trained for 12 weeks, four times per week and 60 min per session. BWSTT included 15 min warm-up on fixed gear bike, 45 min BWSTT with 50% body weight and finally 10 min cold-down exercises.10% load was added each week. Traditional exercises included 15 min warm-up on fixed gear bike plus 45 min PNF stretching, full range of motion and 10 min cool-down.Results: The data analysis showed that BWSTT group compared with traditional exercise group had better function in variables of Pin score (P=0.002), Light Score (P=0.002), motor function (P=0.000), walking index test (P=0.002), 6 min walking test (P=0.001) and 10 meter walking (P=0.001).Conclusion: BWSTT in comparison with traditional exercise can improve sensory-motor function and quality and quantity of walking in paraplegic spinal cord injured persons.

Objective: This study investigated educational environment for children with special educational needs was entry in regular schools.Materials & Methods: In this descriptive study, a questionnaire consisting of six domains, each domain has a number of questions in the related context after validity and reliability was used Content of educational environment for the questionnaire derived from existing standards in America and Japan and exceptional education organization formed. Each of question was consist of three section standard, outside of standard and absent.Results: Nineteen of the 11 zones of Tehran primary school students with special needs, along with the regular students were examined. Zone of 4 with 3.26 had the highest number of schools.9.57 per cent of school boys and 3.5 of the remaining two schools were girls. Results showed that schools that were attributed to the presence of students with special needs are not adequate educational space standards concerning school input and output, physical condition classes, stairs and inclined surfaces, health services, and eventually especial supplies for exceptional students.Conclusion: In order to strengthening program of inclusive education in educational environment in schools should be revised and the revision shall be made at schools.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess assistive devices needs of adolescent students with hearing impairment in Ahvaz city.Materials & Methods: In this descriptive-analytic study assistive devices for people with hearing impairment were categorized into 6 groups according to their usage.72 adolescents with hearing impairment studying in special or mainstreaming setting along with their parents were chosen through stratified sampling method to participate in the study. Following signing the informed consents, students were interviewed at schools and their parents by telephone. At first, participants were asked about student’s difficulties in 6 situations. Then, assistive devices were introduced by showing pictures and the participants were asked if they have already known any of them, if they owned one, their needs and the first 3 priorities to meet their needs. SPSS 19 used for data analysis.Results: Although 69 (96%) students had digital hearing aids, 44 (61%) were reported to have difficulties in watching television, 66 (92%) in using alarm clocks, 24 (33%) in hearing door and telephone ringing, 63 (88%) in using telephone, 14 (19%) in face to face communication and 46 (64%) in class participation. Almost none of the participants were aware of existence of above mentioned assistive devices. After introducing the devices, between 2 (3%) to 69 (96%) were reported to need each device.Conclusion: Adolescents with hearing impairment should be widely informed of assistive devices which could be useful to them. Findings of this study can be used in providing assistive devices for these adolescents.

Objective: One of the most important issues in the development of fundamental motor skills in the early years of life is development of fine and gross motor skills. The aim of this study was to assess fine and gross motor skills and the relationship between some anthropometric indices and environmental factors with the development of fine and gross motor skills in preschool children that aged 3-6 years old in north of Tehran in2013.Materials & Methods: The research society was preschools of Dist.1 and 2 of Tehran. Four preschools were selected based on convenience sampling and 206 children (girls and boys) participated voluntary. Data were collected from the family information questionnaires and Denver development test type 2.Results: On average, only 56.06 percent of children in gross motor skills and 77.56 percent of children in fine motor skills had normal and developed functions. But 23.86 percent of children in gross motor skills and 14.9 percent of children in fine motor skills were at caution and 12/83 percent of children in gross motor skills and 7.56 percent of children in fine motor skills were exposed to delayed development. There was a negative significant correlation among chest and abdominal circumference with jumping and abdominal circumference with kicking. While a positive significant correlation among the length of upper body and width of pelvic with hopping, length of arm and width of shoulder with overhand throwing were observed. Between daily sleeping times with children’s kicking performance was a positive significant correlation (P<0.05).Conclusion: A noticeable number of children who participated in this study had poor gross motor skills, thus strengthening and improving these skills requires specific attention and planning.

Objective: Knee- ankle foot orthosis is the most commonly used orthosis in people with post-polio syndrome. Metal KAFOs are the most commonly prescribed orthoses in Iran. However, problems have been reported when using them. The purpose of the current study is to evaluate the effect of changes in range of motion of metal KAFO ankle joint on balance in patients with Post-polio syndrome.Materials & Methods: 22 post-polio syndrome patients (37-50 yr) from patients of Red Crescent Rehabilitation Center participated in this study. Data were collected using the balance master system (model 8.0.3) with the participants wearing the conventional KAFO and KAFO with increased range of motion of the ankle joint. Data collection was performed with a two weeks follow-up period.Results: In KAFO with increased range of motion of ankle joint, the maximal backward excursion of COG (P<0.002), movement velocity toward the backward (P<0.018) increased significantly when compared to conventional KAFO. The time of weight transfer was reduced while wearing KAFO with increased range of motion of ankle joint in comparison with -conventional KAFO (P<0.002). No significant differences were observed regarding the other parameters.Conclusion: The results of this study showed that change in ankle joint range of motion of metal KAFO can lead in improvement in some indicators related to postural stability in individuals with post-polio syndrome.

Objective: Flexible flat foot is one the most common extremities diseases happen among adults, this causes change in foot, tibia, and higher joints alignment, pain and certain complications in upper joints and soft tissues.This study aimed to investigate the differences in foot direction among patients with flexible flat feet called foot static response to a certain prefabricated insole.Materials & Methods: This research was a before and after clinical study and patients were consisted of 32 females with flat feet in range of 18 to 28 years old. A laser device was used to measure differences. The rear foot angle amount which is calculated by investigating the heel valgus angle and the forefoot angle amount which is calculated by investigating leg angle and forefoot, were both assessed at barefoot condition and with medial flange insole mode.Results: The results showed that by using the insole there is a significant decrease in direction of anterior line angle (p=0.003). At mean, by using medial flange insole 3.72 degrees decrease at forefoot angle and 4 degrees decrease at heel angle was observed (p=0.001).Conclusion: This study showed that the prefabricated insole with high internal septum could normalize the direction of foot. Namely, it corrected the heel angle and leg deviations. Moreover, the NAS line despite of specifying the leg changes, it represents the influence of orthoses on this section.

Objective: Most of our life is spent on verbal interaction with others. Thus, failure and success in these relationships deeply influences our daily progress as a social living being. Since the stuttering is a complex and multidimensional phenomenon, it is very difficult to study it in an unusual and experimental environment. This study aims at representing the role of others presence from the viewpoint of people stuttering.Materials & Methods: This reasearch was qualitative research with methodological approch. Tewenty one adults who were stuttering were purposefully selected and interviewed with focus group method. The interviewees’ statements were completely recorded and the verbal descriptions of participants were written down. The objects were obtained from the experiences of those stuttering. At last stage, the data were categorized by using Van Manon’s method and then they were studied and analyzed qualitatively.Results: In the present study, the role of others in experience of people stammering was titled under the theme of "others’ presence." Ten following subthemes were appeared in the statements of participqants: 1- Feeling of being humiliated by others; 2- Trying to satisfy others in dialogue; 3- Degree of others information about stammering; 4- Others Gender; 5- Being ridiculed by others; 6- Others pity; 7- Completing speech by others; 8- Others lack of patient and little attention; 9- Others Position and status; 10- Degree of familiarity with others.Conclusion: Stuttering together with slurred speech, pause when communicating and the struggling behaviors are intensified in people stammering. It is very important how others behave with people stammering. Others presence has a significant role in attitude of people stammering and among others the teachers, classmates and family members has the most significant role.