ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARDS MANAGEMENT
Year:2019 | Volume:6 | Issue:1|Papers Count:6

In the word during the period from 1998 to 2017, more than 4450000000 people were exposed to natural hazards, which, in ddition to imposing more than $ 2, 900 billion in economic damage, lost 1330000 people. More than 67 percent of the dead and 45 percent of the economic damage are related to the two major earthquake and flood hazards that Iran as the tenth country of the earthquake has suffered from earthquake and flooding. Unfortunately, in Iran, is not defined the approach of the practical and useful strategy To reduce the hazards, therefore, we have increased the vulnerability of the community and increased the physical and psychological costs of natural hazards. Therefore, efforts to reduce the effects of hazards are a necessity. This paper, in terms of the purpose of the applied research part, With the aim of determining the approach and formulating a national strategy to reduce the hazards in Iran Different strategys in the world based on international law and international relations have been defined to reduce the hazards. Due to the nature of the current natural hazards in Iran and the existing international capacities, the reform, strengthening, localization, establishment and application of some laws, the establishment of the National Assembly of the hazards Reduction for the coordination between operational organizations and policy centers and research centers at the level of the Ministry or the Vice Presidency, the national approval of the scientific, technical, financial, administrative and administrative capacities of hazard management to address identified hazards at national levels, and Implement national and local strategies and plans to reduce the hazards in the intervals At different times, it can have a significant impact on Iran as a fundamental strategy of Iran.

Flood can be the result of weather changes, heavy rainfall, rapid melting of snow, ice, or damming of dams. For whatever reason, when it enters urban areas, it causes damage and sometimes the death of individuals, as the city attacks natural hydrologic spaces during its development. The city of Gonbad-e-Kavoos has been threatened by urban floods over the past few years, in particular the floods 1991, 2000 and 2001 and the type of flood has been a mixed of river flood and abrupt. The lack of attention to the threat of Gonbad due to inside and outside factors in flood risks, has led to the study of the potential urban flood risks in the city of Gonbad. Based on the characteristics of the natural and human flooding of Gonbad-e-Kavoos and considering all aspects involved in the potential of flood risk and risk in urban development, the flood risk reduction for the city of Gonbad-e-Kavoos was evaluated in 54 factors using AHP hierarchical analysis and in a specialist community 35 people consisting of senior officials, directors and experts from all relevant organizations. Among the three main criteria, the criterion of studying and planning of operating systems has the highest weight (0. 75), the most important role in the issue of urban flood risk reduction, as well as flood risk map for Gonbad-e-Kavoos, which is produced using nine parameters which is shown that Gonbad-e-Kavoos is in a high potential hazard area. The results and recent flood events indicate that the city is vulnerable to the risk of external flood, which in recent years has not been focused on improving the city's safety and downstream. Therefore, comprehensive studies and planning should be put in place by the relevant executive agencies.

The right to health is one of the corollaries of fundamental human rights. Victims of violation of this right, in the assumption that they commit ordinary legal persons who are immune from prosecution in domestic and international courts, try to inform citizens of their victimization through a symbolic trial in the community court. Through awareness-raising, they will be effective in preventing crime. Therefore, one of the reasons for such tribunals is the increasing spread of risks against humanity, against the environment and against human health. Because of the difficulty of coping with such wide-ranging threats, courts with a global dimension and symbolically sympathizing with the sensitization of public opinion, political actors Makes The idea of the formation of a symbolic court of public opinion to counter the effects of war crimes for the first time around fifty years ago was raised by philosophers and evolved over the years, which ultimately served to serve public health goals. The present paper uses descriptive and analytical research and relying on library resources to explain the human risks associated with the products of a multinational corporation. According to the findings of the research, in the most recent event, an example of the threat to the right to health is first in the form of a symbolic court Reviewed and commented, and subsequently resulted in the actual condemnation of the harmful agent in the California court. In Iran, propaganda and the introduction of unauthorized and harmful products and services in the mass media, domestic and international, and virtual spaces are prohibited, and sixth-grade imprisonment or penal punishment and deprivation of occupational and social activities are punishable. Among the links between hazard knowledge and the orientation of this paper, one can observe behavioral risk-taking. One of the basic questions in this area is what should be done to reduce environmental hazards? One of the most effective means of helping public opinion is to sensitize the level of risk; relying on the broad functions of public opinion courts can be a new direction in the implementation of knowledge of hazards and the identification of environmental hazards and environmental hazards to people, political actors and decision-makers. And to act as an effective legal tool in order to achieve its major support goals and ensure the safety of human life and the environment as an effective legal tool. Considering the historical record and the evolution of the idea of the Public Opinion Tribunal, it is well-documented that the use of the capacity of such courts can be an effective and effective instrument for maintaining and safeguarding health for all.

One of the most important natural hazards that reduce the safety of railways are those caused by slopes and landslides, which annually cause injuries and fatalities, thus identifying areas with potential risk can prevent such incidents. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the Lorestan railway region in terms of tectonic activity and the impact of these activities on the creation and intensification of landslide movements in this region. We used seven significant morphometric indices for this evaluation: stream length gradient (SL), drainage basin asymmetry(Af), Transverse topographic symmetry factor(T), hypsometric integral (Hi), ratio of valley floor width to valley height (Vf), drainage basin shape (Bs), and v ratio index. The combined analyzed indices represented the relatively active tectonics (Iat). Landslides were also identified by satellite imagery, topographic and geological maps, and field survey. In the next step, the method of analysis of variance was used to establish a quantitative relationship between the observed landslides and tectonic indices in the sub-basins. Due to the lack of homogeneity of the indices, its value standardized with Z scale and for communication between the indicator and field observations, the linear regression model was calculated. the results showed that the study area is young in terms of neotectonic activity, but the activity level is not the same in all places, so that basins number 12, 3 and 1 have the highest activity in terms of tectonic and in basins number 13, 11, 10 and 9, there is relatively little activity. The maximum landslide occurrences around the railways are observed in basins 12 and 5. And according to field observations, more than 80 percent of the total landslide in the area between the Drood to the Tang-7 station is in the range of high tectonic activity, which indicates the relationship between tectonic activity and landslide frequency in this region.

Bad weather conditions may endanger the power transmission in the transmission network due to cascading failures. Removing these crashes makes it difficult and even impossible to use these lines. The purpose of the analysis is to identify vulnerabilities, find weak infrastructures or critical situations so that decision makers can take possible measures to reduce weaknesses and critical situations; accordingly, vulnerability measures should be developed to help decision makers. The overall vulnerability index is an essential factor in the comparison of the different types of network transmission vulnerabilities or adverse weather events. The more important thing is that the weak areas in the network should be identified in order to take measures to reduce the vulnerability. As a result, this model considers the vulnerability of location-time correlations of difficult climatic conditions and integrates existing concepts into a single framework. The main purpose of this paper is to discuss the vulnerability of power transmission lines to atmospheric hazards; current methods do not take into account spatial correlations-when weather conditions and electrical models of power systems are not considered. They either concentrate on simulating power systems regardless of difficult weather conditions, or focus on forecasted power line overheads without considering the consequences of power outages. Therefore, in this research, the core of the vulnerability assessment is done with the requirement analysis to adapt vulnerability indicators. Finally, measures can be taken to reduce vulnerability.

Ecotourism is a considerable economic opportunity for the regions. Gahar Lake and Oshtorankh with special biodiversity is one of the glacial traces of Iran and one of the major areas of Lorestan ecotourism. The low thresholds for vulnerability, poor environmental conditions, lake tourism and the belief in the role of risk management in spatial development planning are the necessities of this research. This research was conducted by analyzing the state of failure and its effects on the environment (EFMEA). Its aim is to identify, rank and compare the most important environmental risks and the risks which is resulted from the tourism in the region. This research can lead to the reduction or elimination of human and natural damaging effects and contribute to the development of spatial development in this environment. For this purpose, the most important risks of the region were first identified and they were based on the three variables; "probability and severity of the occurrence and dimension of the effect" and the numerical values of each risk were determined. Based on the range of changes, the grades were ranked in five categories. The results showed that among the environmental risks of the region, there are three risks that are at the priority or infinite risks with an average of 86. 7. They are "injuries due to the number of tourists, motorcycle traffic, and forage growth". In tourism-related risks, the "large number of tourists, the seasonal limitations of the tourism, and the type of traffic and walking route" are three items with an average of 86. 7 in the first place. Therefore, based on the need for mutual action, these risks require immediate action, quick corrective actions, and prohibitions. From the set of priority risks of grade one, the risk of "a large number of tourists" is among both "environmental risks" and "tourism risks", therefore; as the most important threat to the area, it needs planning and controlling and immediate action.