JOURNAL OF GUILAN UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Year:2018 | Volume:27 | Issue:105|Papers Count:8

Introduction: Drug abuse and dependence are the main concerns of societies. Their consequences are of various kinds including psychiatric symptoms. Differentiation of these symptoms from common psychiatric symptoms is difficult. Presence of psychiatric symptoms is considered one of contributing factors in continual drug abuse and dependence. Because of alteration in consumption of drug in recent years and associated psychiatric disorders, the present study aimed to investigate the alterations in type of consumed drug and associated psychiatric disorders. Objective: Determination of drug use pattern in patients admitted to Rasht Psychiatric Hospital. Materials and Methods: This descriptive comparative retrospective study was performed on all psychiatric patients(2012 patients), admitted to Shafa hospital during the first six months of the year 2008 and the first six months of 2014 using their psychiatric reports. To investigate the variables (demographic variables, type of consumed drug, method of consumption, psychiatric disorders, … ) a demographic questionnaire and A checklist were used. The collected data were analyzed using statistical software SPSS version 17. Results: In total, 2012 patients were studied (792 patients in 2008 and 1220 patients in 2014) with the mean age in 2008 and 2014, 34. 2 +-11. 7 and 37+-12. 6 years, respectively. Most of participants were urban, unmarried, male, unemployed and low graduated. Percentage of drug addiction in samples of years 2008 and 2015 were 11. 1% and 17. 7%, respectively. The most consumed drug in these two time points were opium and methamphetamine. The method of consumption was smoking. Rate of drug abuse showed a significant increase in psychotic and mood disorders in 2014, compared to those of 2008 (p≤ 0. 0001). Conclusion: The present study showed that the consumption method has altered in recent years and increase in consumption of stimulant drugs has led to the increased prevalence of serious psychiatric disorders which in turn indicates poor prognosis.

Introduction: Contaminated raw vegetables play an important role in the distribution of the parasitic infections. Parasitic contamination of vegetables may occur during the cultivation or marketing process. Identifying the rate and type of parasites transmitted by vegetables has public health impact on the population. Objective: This study aimed to determine the rate and type of parasitic contamination of the market vegetables in the city of Rasht, northern Iran. Materials and Methods: This analytical-descriptive study was conducted on 342 samples from 12 types of fresh vegetables. They were washed with water containing detergent and centrifuged. The sediments were microscopically examined for parasitic contamination by direct method. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS. 21 using Chi Square and Fisher’ s Exact Test. Results: Human pathogenic parasites were identified in (4. 1%) of the specimens. In general, (5. 3%) of the vegetables were contaminated with both pathogenic and commensal organisms. Parasitic contaminations were identified on vegetables such as Coriander, Water cress, Parsley, Mint, Choochagh (Eryngium planum), Khaliwash (Ziziphora tenuior). Locally grown vegetables were significantly more contaminated than those grown out of Guilan Province (P < 0. 006). Six species of pathogenic helminthes (eg., Hook Worm, Toxocara spp., Trichostrongylus spp., Trichuris spp., Strongyloides spp, Diploscapter spp. ), two kinds of Free-living amoeba (Acanthamoeba spp. and Naegleria spp. ) and also three kinds of protozoan commensal organisms (eg., Entamoeba. coli, Endolimax nana, Entamoeba spp ) of human gastrointestinal tract were identified. Among the tested vegetables, Choochaq (Eryngium planum) had the highest rate of parasitic contamination. Although vegetable contamination in warm seasons was more prevalent, the seasonal difference was not statistically significant (P < 0. 133). Numerous types of Free-living nematodes' eggs, larval and adult stages were found in 65. 8 % of the tested vegetables. Conclusion: Few protozoan and helminthes were detected in the examined vegetables. Local vegetables were more contaminated than those from out of province. In this study, the rate of vegetable parasitic contamination was lower than expected. However, in order to prevent the parasitic infections, more attention and care during washing the vegetables particularly local ones is recommended.

Introduction: Central Venous Catheters are often used as one of vascular routes in hemodialysis patients. They have some complications such as infections leading to long hospital stay, increased mortality, and cost of treatment. The most common form of infection associated with Central Venous Catheters is infection in the insertion site of catheter. Objective: This study aimed to determine central venous catheter infections in the patients undergoing hemodialysis in Razi Educational Remedial and Research Center. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out on 170 hemodialysis patients admitted in Razi hospital for a year with the possibility of central venous catheter infection. To gather information, questionnaires including demographic information and information about the apparent criteria for infection were used. Data analysis was done using SPSS V. 21 software and Chi-square and Logistic Regression statistical analysis. Results: 58. 3%of the participants were male and 39. 3% were female households. Mean and SD of the age of samples was 56. 5± 13. 8 years. The most common sign of infection was fever (77. 4%). 98. 8%of patients, had right internal jugular vein catheter and 45. 2% a history of antibiotic consumption for catheter washing. Catheter infection rate was correlated with age (P=0. 03), job (P=0. 01), Spouse's job (P=0. 03), education (P<0. 001) and history of antibiotic consumption (P<0. 0001). Age (P=0. 007) and length of catheterization (P=0. 069) were predictors of catheter infection, so that those younger than 40 years, had 3. 8 times greater chance of infection, compared to those over the age of 60 years. Conclusion: Age and length of catheterization can be used as predictive markers of central venous catheter infection in hemodialysis patients.

Introduction: Obesity and the associated consequences is a major health concern. Infertility is considered as one of the most important health problems. Studies have shown that there is a relationship between obesity and infertility. Obesity causes hormonal disturbance and also interferes with the normal ovulation process. Objective: This study investigated the relationship between obesity and risk factors for infertility. Materials and Methods: this study is a comparative analytical one done on 200 women (100 women infertile and 100 fertile women), admitted to Kowsar hospital in Qazvin during 2013-2015. Sampling method was simple. Tool for data collection was a check list including: demographic data, blood pressure, BMI and the waist to hip ratio, cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. Statistical analysis was done using descriptive and analytical methods in spss. 16. Results: The results showed mean body mass index and waist-to-hip ratio between the two groups were significantly different (P<0. 05). Survey of lipid profile showed that cholesterol and triglyceride levels in infertile women were significantly different from that in fertile women, being higher in infertile women (P =0. 04). Also, a positive correlation between BMI and cholesterol and triglycerides levels in the two groups was shown (P<0. 05). Conclusion: The present study revealed a positive association between infertility and increased lipid profile in infertile women. Therefore, due to the increasing prevalence of obesity in the society, we need to pay special attention to this issue and take into account public awareness and lifestyle change programs.

Introduction: Acne, the most common skin disease in polycystic ovarian syndrome, has a prevalence of 83 percent. It is often associated with psychological distress, depression, and anxiety disorders that may impair cognitive functions such as memory, attention, psychomotor speed, and executive functions. The aim of this study was to investigate levels of acne in this group of women and its association with cognitive function, compared to that in healthy women. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate levels of acne in this group of women and its association with cognitive function, compared to that in healthy women. Materials and Methods: In this Case-control study, 45 patients with polycystic ovary syndrome, diagnosed based on Rotterdam criteria, and 45 healthy women as control group were selected. Acne levels of the participants were evaluated by Global Acne Grading System (GAGS). Also, cognitive functions were assessed using the Montreal Cognitive assessment (MoCA). Results: The average (± SD) acne score in patients was 11. 73± 6. 87 and in control group was 8. 42± 6. 27, p-value=0. 01, which was statistically significant. Also, the difference between the average cognitive function scores in patients (22. 68± 3. 57) and control group (24. 71 ± 2. 57) was statistically significant (p-value=0. 003). However, no significant relationship was found between cognitive function and levels of acne(r=-0. 14, P=0. 17). Conclusion: The prevalence of acne in patients with PCOS is more than that in normal counterparts. Also, the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment was higher among patients. No relationship was observed between acne level and cognitive impairment in our PCOS study group. Further prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.

Introduction: Listeriosis is among the diseases occurring to humans, wild and domestic animals. Listeria monocytogenes, the etiologic agent of this disease, is one the most important food-borne pathogens. Given the limited information regarding the effects of various concentrations of different antibiotics on Listeria monocytogenes for in vivo studies, this study is designed. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the inhibitory effects of different concentrations of tetracycline and trimethoprim on the prevention of congenital listeriosis in Balb/C mice. Materials and Methods: In this experimental-analytical study, the effect of various concentrations of tetracycline and trimethoprim on congenital listeriosis was evaluated in 4 groups of modelBalb/C mice, (treated with tetracycline, treated with trimethoprim, positive control and negative control). Minimum inhibitory concentration for Listeria monocytogenes was determinedin Muller-Hinton broth medium. For in vivo study, different dosages of tetracycline and trimethoprim were administered orally. Clinical evidence, sampling and culture methods were used for listeriosis identification. Results: The obtained results showed that the percentage of live birth was higher in the treated mice than in the control groups. Using tetracycline and trimethoprim prevented abortion in treated Balb/C mice. For Trimethoprim and Tetracycline were effective for 100% and 74% prevention in abortion, respectively, as observed. Conclusion: Based on the results obtained in this study, it can be concluded thattrimethoprim antibiotic had more inhibitory effects than tetracycline on the abortion prevention in Balb/C mice.

Introduction: Health workers are under the influence of many stressful occupational factors. This tension in the nursing profession is more than other health care occupations. Nursing is a challenging profession due to emotional demands due to the involvement of work-related emotions and the hard working conditions, including overload work, personal conflicts, lack of spiritual support, and the physical, organizational, and psychosocial working conditions associated hardships. One of the most important human abilities that helps effective adaptation to risk factors, including psychosocial stressors, is the resiliency. Objective: Determining the effect of resiliency skills education on job satisfaction components of psychosocial working conditions in nursing personnel of Shafa hospital in Rasht. Materials and Methods: This study was experimental with a pre-test, a post-test and one control group. Eighty nursing personnel from Shafa Hospital in Rash were recruited and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The experimental group received a “ resiliency skills training course” in 10 sessions of 45 minutes each, but the control group went through its routine program. Data were collected using Demographic information and Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire (COPSOQ). The data were analyzed using Wilcoxon test in SPSS v. 22. Results: Results showed no difference between the two group of intervention and control in terms of demographic characteristics. Results revealed that the resiliency skills training could change job satisfaction components of psychosocial working conditions. While the rate of variability job satisfaction components of psychosocial working conditions (job type and the future of the job) in nursing personnel improved significantly in experimental group than that in control group (p≤ 0/05). Conclusion: Accordingly, we can conclude that the resiliency skills training could promote job satisfaction components of psychosocial working conditions in nursing personnel. Therefore, it is recommended that training be included in the nurse's in-service training program.

Introduction: Genital and peritoneal tuberculosis presentation can mimic that of an ovarian tumor by its vague symptoms and non-specific clinical, laboratory and radiological findings leading to misdiagnosis. Case Report: A woman of 43 years with a history of two previous successful pregnancies and cesarean section presented with pelvic pain, weight loss, mild ascites, and elevated CA-125 and HE4 level. A diagnosis of highly probable ovarian carcinoma was made, and laparotomy performed with resection of both ovaries and pelvic total lymphadenectomy. Postoperative histopathological examination showed necrotizing granulomatous inflammation, highly suggestive of tuberculosis with no sign of malignancy. Conclusion: Antituberculosis treatment was commenced, with full resolution of symptoms. It may not be possible to rule out ovarian malignancy or confirm abdominal tuberculosis and it often does not give a definitive diagnosis without exploratory laparotomy. CA-125 can rise in both conditions, and imaging is rarely conclusive. Early diagnosis of peritoneal/ovarian tuberculosis is vital as it can lead to infertility. As they often present with advanced pathology beyond recovery because of delayed diagnosis, antitubercular therapy may not be effective in restoration of women’ s fertility function.