PAJOUHAN SCIENTIFIC JOURNAL
Year:2021 | Volume:19 | Issue:2|Papers Count:8

Background and Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of rational emotive behavior therapy, group logotherapy, and their combination on the treatment of grief triggered by love trauma in adolescent girls. Materials and Methods: Out of 50 adolescent girls who referred to the counseling center, 36 cases were diagnosed with love trauma using the Ross (1999) Love Trauma Scale. They were selecred as research sample and assigned to four groups (n=12 in each group). All participants answered the love trauma test in the pre-test stage. The first group recived rational emotive behavior therapy, the second group recioved Logotherapy-based group counseling, a combination both methods was used in the third group, and the fourth group did not receive any intervention. The Ross Love Trauma Scale was then administered in the four groups in the post-test phase. The changes of the four groups were compared using the analysis of covariance and Bonferroni post hoc test. Results: Base on the results of analysis of covariance, the increase in the scores of treatment of love trauma in the post-test was significant. The results of Bonferroni test showed that all three treatments were effective in the treatment of love trauma in adolescent girls; nonetheless, the combined method was more effective, compared to the two other treatment methods. Conclusion: As evienced by the obtained results, a combined method of rational emotive behavior therapy and group logotherapy can significantly reduce the grief triggered by love trauma.

Background and Objective: Computer game addiction may cause health problems, such as changes in body mass index and sleep disorders for children and adolescents. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between computer game addiction and body mass index as well as sleep habits of 10-12 years old primary school students in Hamadan. Materials and Methods: The present correlational study included 470 students aged 10 to 12 years in primary schools in Hamadan, Iran. The study samples were selected using the multi-stage cluster random sampling method. Data were collected using demographic characteristics form, body mass index, computer game addiction, and Children’ s Sleep Habits Questionnaires. Body mass index was determined by the height and weight values extracted from the health records and classified according to the standard chart of Body Mass Index. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 24) through independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and Pearson correlation coefficient. Results: The findings of the present study revealed that the mean± SD scores of computer game addiction, body mass index, and sleep habits of the studied children were estimated at 1. 8± 0. 6, 20. 3± 5. 04, and 50. 75± 8. 4, respectively. Pearson correlation coefficient indicated significant relationships between the mean scores of computer game addiction and body mass index (P<0. 001), the mean scores of computer game addiction and sleep habits (P<0. 001), and also the mean body mass index and sleep habits (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Based on the results, the growth of computer game addiction was positively associated with body mass index and sleep disorders in children aged 10 to 12 years. Moreover, moderate and severe computer game addiction was associated with overweight and poor sleep habits in students, especially the feeling of drowsiness during the day. Therefore, pediatric nurses, parents, the education system, and health care providers have to pay more attention to the students’ health and examine the factors that affect the students’ physical and mental wellbeing.

Background and Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of anger management and assertiveness practices on reducing risky behaviors and increasing assertiveness in mothers of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted based on a control group pretest-posttest design. The statistical population consisted of all mothers of children with neurodevelopmental disorders. The mothers were then selected randomly based on the inclusion criteria and divided into experimental (n=26) and control (n=26) groups. The psychological evaluations included interviews according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition), Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (1994), and Rathus Assertiveness Scale (1973). The evaluations were performed before the onset of the training sessions (anger management and assertiveness practices). After the completion of the sessions, the experimental and control groups were requested to complete the questionnaires again. The obtained data were analyzed using the analysis of covariance. Results: The results showed that anger management and assertiveness training in groups significantly reduced anger and increased assertiveness in mothers of children with neurodevelopmental disorders (P˂ 0. 001). Conclusion: In the field of treatment and in working with mothers of children with developmental neurological disorders and people who are in a state of sudden emotional crisis such as childbirth, life skills training including courage and reducing impulse and anger due to its nature and long-term impact in all dimensions Life looks very productive and promising.

Background and Objective: Training competent nurses with ethical and professional qualifications is one of the main goals of nursing education. In this regard, self-efficacy and moral intelligence in educational environments are among the most important factors affecting human behaviors. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the relationship between moral intelligence and clinical self-efficacy among the nursing students of Urmia School of Nursing and Midwifery, Urmia, Iran, during 2019. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was performed on a total of 216 nursing students of Urmia School of Nursing and Midwifery In 2019. The data were collected using a 3-part questionnaire, including demographic characteristics, Lennick and Kiel moral intelligence, and self-efficacy of nursing studentsʼ clinical performance. The Pearsonʼ s correlation coefficient, independent t-test, analysis of variance, and Chisquare test were used in order to analyze the data. Results: The obtained results of the present study showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between moral intelligence and selfefficacy, and the relationship between self-efficacy and moral intelligence was reported as 0. 469 (P=0. 000). In addition, the correlation coefficient of moral intelligence with clinical self-efficacy was 0. 314 (P=0. 000), and the explanatory coefficient was 0. 307. Finally, based on the obtained results it can be stated that 30. 7% of the clinical self-efficacy of the students could be explained using the moral intelligence variable (P=0. 001). Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrated that moral intelligence is a good predictor of emotional self-efficacy, and the integration of ethical intelligence and self-efficacy enables powerful bases to emerge from ethical abilities in the field of clinical therapy. Therefore, to improve and enhance the studentsʼ sense of self-efficacy, the authorities should pay attention to the essential component of moral intelligence and try to promote it through practical training.

Background and Objective: Hearing impairment affects all aspects of a person's life. This study aimed to compare executive functions, emotional intelligence, and motivated strategies for learning in adolescents with normal hearing and those with hearing impairment using either hearing aids or cochlear implantation in Tehran, Iran. Materials and Methods: This analytical-comparative study included 90 adolescent females and males aged 14-18 years old. They were randomly divided into three groups of 30 cases per group. The first and second groups were selected using the accessible sampling method, and the third group included healthy with normal hearing individuals that were selected using the random sampling. The data were collected using the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning, Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire, and Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance and Tukey's post hoc test. Results: There was a significant difference among the studied groups in terms of the mean values of executive functions, emotional intelligence, and motivated strategies for learning (P<0. 01). Moreover, the group with normal hearing obtained higher mean scores of executive functions, emotional intelligence, and motivated strategies for learning, compared to the other two groups. Furthermore, the mean scores of executive functions, emotional intelligence, and motivated strategies for learning were higher in the adolescents with a cochlear implant, compared to those with hearing aid. Conclusion: Adolescents with normal hearing are in better condition. Individuals with hearing impairment can achieve some acquired levels of executive functions, emotional intelligence, and increased motivated strategies for learning only if they are provided with proper cognitive training, the same as their normal peers. Therefore, there is a need for a special rehabilitation program to take the necessary steps for modifying these components.

Background and Objective: Reality therapy referred to taking responsibility and having effective relationships with others and social adjustment in life. This study aimed to investigate the effect of reality therapy on promoting responsibility and social adjustment in adolescent females. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted using a pretest-posttest design with a control group and follow-up. The statistical population included all adolescent females aged 16 to 18 years in the second year of high school. In total, 40 adolescent high school females were selected using the available sampling method in Mehrdokht, Hashtgerd, Iran. They were then randomly assigned to experimental (n=20; reality therapy) and control (n=20) groups. The experimental group was then requested to respond the Kordloo's Responsibility Questionnaire (2010) and California Social Adaptation (1953). The control group was asked to wait until the experimental group finished participation in eight 45-min sessions of reality therapy training during four weeks. Subsequently, at the end of the treatment interventions, and one month later, the experimental and control groups were evaluated again using the aforementioned questionnaires in order to evaluate the continuity and effectiveness of the training. The data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 28) using descriptive statistics and repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: The results of the analysis of variance showed the significant effect of reality therapy on responsibility and social adjustment of adolescent females. As a result, there was a significant difference among the scores (pretest, posttest, and follow-up) regarding the improvement in the level of responsibility and social structure of adolescent females (P≤ 0. 05). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, it can be stated that reality therapy intervention affects responsibility and social adjustment in adolescents.

Background and Objective: Self-handicapping is a set of behaviors to externalize failures and internalize success. The present study aimed to determine the status of self-handicapping and its association with some academic variables among students of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 296 students of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences. The participants were selected via random sampling and probability proportional to size sampling. Data were collected using a self-report questionnaire. Data were analyzed in SPSS software (Version 16) using descriptive and analytical tests at 95% confidence level. Results: The mean age of students was reported as 22. 21± 2. 10 (age range of 18-years). The mean score of self-handicapping was 16. 64± 3. 48, which indicated that the participants obtain 66. 56% of the maximum score of selfhandicapping. Dental students were engaged in more self-handicapping, compared to other students (P=0. 011). Moreover, it was shown that married students self-handicapped more than single students (P=0. 025), and older students obtained higher scores in self-handicapping (r=0. 144; P= 0. 025). Conclusion: Due to the fact that students gained more than 50% of the maximum self-handicapping score, it is essential to plan relevant intervention programs and conduct further studies to identify the effective causes of self-handicapping.

Background and Objective: Religious orientation is one of the factors influencing the behavior and reactions of individuals that can play an important role in the relationship between various factors and psychological well-being. This study aimed to investigate the role of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in adolescent psychological wellbeing considering the moderating effect of religious orientation. Materials and Methods: The present study was conducted in 2017 on 471 high school students in the secondary education, Education Department District 2, in Qom, Iran. The participants were selected using the convenience sampling method. The data were collected using the Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale, Reef's Psychological Wellbeing Scale, and Religious Orientation Scale. Following that, the data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 23) through Pearson correlation coefficient, regression analysis, and moderation analysis. Results: The result of Pearson correlation showed that depression, anxiety, and stress with coefficients of-0. 60 (P<0. 01),-0. 40 (P<0. 01), and-0. 49 (P<0. 01), respectively, and religious orientation with a coefficient of 0. 33 (P<0. 01) were correlated with psychological well-being. Moreover, these variables with a value of F=53. 15 were able to significantly predict psychological well-being (P<0. 01). furthermore, The results of moderation analysis showed that religious orientation could moderate the negative effect of anxiety and stress on psychological well-being. Conclusion: The results of the present study confirmed the key role of religious orientation in adolescent well-being and the effect of this factor in reducing the negative effects of psychological disorders, including anxiety and stress. Therefore, it is possible to help promote mental health by strengthening religious orientation among adolescents.