Jundishapur Scientific Medical Journal
Year:2018 | Volume:17 | Issue:5|Papers Count:9

Background and Objective: Giardiasis is a parasitic disease produced by Giardia lamblia can lead to malabsorption of vitamin D and in turn, deficiency of this vitamin increases the risk of development of type 2 diabetes. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect of chronic Giardiasis on the status of vitamin D and the risk of type2 diabetes in patients suffering from chronic giardiasis. Subjects and Methods: Sixty patients referred to the clinical laboratories of the educational hospitals of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences were voluntarily enrolled in this case-control study. After confirmation of giardia parasite infection by direct and blood sampling from patients, plasma sample was isolated, and the levels of vitamin D, glucose, insulin, lipid factors, liver enzymes were evaluated. In addition, the insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), beta-cell function index (HOMA-β ), insulin sensitivity index (QUICKI) were assessed. Furthermore, the liver enzymes (AST, ALT and ALP) were determined for both groups. Results: Plasma level of vitamin D in patients with giardiasis was significantly lower than healthy subjects (P <0. 05). Although insulin level did not increase in these patients, glucose (P<0. 001) and HOMA-IR (P<0. 05) increased significantly in these patients. While HOMA-β , QUICKI and DI decreased significantl in patients with giardiasis (P <0. 05). The values of AST (P <0. 001), ALT (P <0. 01) and ALP (P <0. 05) enzymes were significantly higher in patients with giardiasis. Conclusion: The overall result of this study indicates that chronic giardiasis leads to a decrease in vitamin D level and an increase in the variables related to type2 diabetes. In addition, there are direct correlation between both chronic giardiasis and decrease in vitamin D and the increase in activity of liver enzymes.

Background and Objectives: Research in one of the basic foundations in the society’ s development. On the other hand, universities are the most important places for science production and therefore appropriate organization of academic researches is one of the effective factors in society’ s progress. The aim of this study was to survey research barriers from viewpoint of faculty members of medical universities of Iran. Subjects and Methods: In the initial step all related published papered were searched without any time limitation by searching the following databases: Magiran، Noormags, Barakat Knowlegde Network System, Civilica, SID, ISI Web Of Science, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct and Google Scholar and Elmnet search engines with standards keywords. Overall, 110 documents were retrieved and 100 of which were deleted because of being unrelated, duplicates or unusable documents. Ten documents after quality control were utilized in this study. Results: In this study 9 subject categories of research barriers were extracted from which educational barriers were considered as the highest barrier and facilities barriers was ranked as the lowest. Other barriers in order of importance were: financial, cultural-societial, individual, management, organizational, professional, and strategicpolicy making. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that a lot of reported barriers involve the organization of pre-university and university educational system. Therefore, preparing people during the preuniversity education, and adopting necessary strategic changes in the scientific and cultural training for doing research in the university educational system seems essential. Furthermore, it is also necessary to modify commonly strategies and rules in the field of research that specifically aimed to facilitate research works and provided both financial and sperituality of the researchers.

Background and Objectives: Sodium-dependent vitamin C transporter 2 (SVCT2) plays an important role in the transfer of ascorbic acid to slow-twitch fiber. Due to the importance of ascorbic acid in muscle fibers and the role of SVCT2 in the transmission of this vitamin, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of aerobic training on serum and tissue ascorbic acid levels and SVCT2 levels in Soleus muscle in experimental rats. Subjects and Methods: In this experimental study, 10 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups: aerobic training and control. Aerobic group, training for 6 weeks of aerobic running on Treadmill, 5 sessions per week and each training session for 20-40 minutes were performed for 10-20 meter per minutes. Homogeneous tissue of soleus muscle and serum were analyzed to evaluate the effect of exercise training on ascorbic acid metabolism. Data were analyzed by independent t-test and covariance analysis (P ≤ 0. 05). Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference between the level of SVCT2 of Soleus muscle and also the levels of serum and muscle ascorbic acid when compared with control group (P> 0. 05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed 6 weeks of aerobic exercise has no significant effect on serum and muscle ascorbic acid levels and muscle levels of SVCT2. in addition, slow-twitch muscle in healthy rats does not have any limitations on the production of ascorbic acid and supply of ascorbic acid.

Background and Objective: Increased expression of TLR4 in the nervous system is one of the factors involved in the pathophysiology of Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of aerobic training on the expression of TLR4 gene and inflammatory mediators in the sensory spinal cord of male rats with DPN. Subjects and Methods: Forty male rats (220 ± 2. 2 g weight) were divided into four equal groups: diabetic neuropathy, diabetic neuropathy training, healthy control training and healthy control. Diabetes was induced by STZ injection. After confirming the development of conditions for DPN by behavioral tests, exercise groups performed 6 weeks of continuous aerobic exercise on treadmill. The level of expression of TLR4, TNF-α and IL-1β genes in sensory neurons of L4-L6 spinal cord were measured by Real-Time PCR technique. Two-way ANOVA and post-hoc LSD test were used for statistical analysis. Results: The expression of TLR4, TNF-α and IL-1β genes in the diabetic neuropathy training group was significantly lower than the diabetic neuropathy group (P<0. 05). In addition, there was a significantly higher TLR4 gene expression in the diabetic neuropathy group than those for healthy control groups (P <0. 05). Conclusion: Aerobic training can reduce the expression of TLR4 gene and inflammatory markers in the sensory part of the spinal cord and improve the sensitivity of the nosepectors to painful factors. Therefore, the findings of this study suggest that aerobic exercise can be useful as a non-prescriptive therapeutic intervention for diabetic patients to reduce neuropathic pain.

Background and Objectives: Outcomes of root canal therapy depends on chemical cleaning of root canal by irrigating solutions, which may affect root canal dentin microharness. Only a few studies have specifically studied this effect. To fill this gap, we aimed to assess several irrigating solutions on the microhardness of root canal dentin. Subjects and Methods: A total of 50 premolar teeth were selected. The roots were split in the horizontal direction from middle, and were embedded in self-curing acrylic resin and polished. The samples were divided into 5 groups (n=10) and immersed for 15 min according to the irrigating solution: 5. 25% NaOCl, 2% CHX, Tetraclean, Hypoclean, and Chlor-Xtra. Then, the specimens were subjected to microhardness testing utilizing Vickers method before and after immersion. Data were analyzed using SPSS ver 20, Paired T-test, and One-Way ANOVA. Results: The microhardness of root canal dentin in all irrigating solutions groups, except for 2% CHX, were significantly decreased (P<0. 05). The highest microhardness reduction of root canal dentin was related to 5. 25% NaOCl, Tetraclean, Hypoclean, and Chlor-Xtra, respectively and the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0. 05). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, the endodontic irrigating solutions, as well as 5. 25% NAOCL, cause the same degree of reduction in the microhardness of root canal dentin. While 2% CHX has no effect on the microhardness of root canal dentin.

Background and Objectives: Patient inappropriate and unnecessary stay in a hospital results in a reduction of hospital productivity and an increase in health system expenditures. The aim of this study was to evaluate unnecessary stay of patients in Iranian hospitals. Subjects and Methods: This study was conducted using a systematic review and meta-analysis approach. Seven electronic databases and two search engines were searched for original research papers published between March 2006 and April 2017 on patients’ unnecessary stay. Bibliography section of the retrieved papers and related journals were also searched for papers that were not yet indexed in these databases. All retrieved papers were assessed using a valid checklist before analysis. Data were analysed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. Results: A total of 805 publications were reviewed, of which 13 met the study inclusion criteria. Overall, 4. 2% of hospital days were rated as inappropriate and unnecessary (95% Cl: 1. 8-9. 4%). The highest unnecessary stays was recorded in a public hospital in Tehran in 2013, 49% (95% Cl: 35. 7-62. 5%) and the lowest unnecessary stays was found in an educational hospital in Tehran in 2013, 0. 2% (95% Cl: 0. 1-0. 5%). Significant statistical correlation was observed between average inappropriate length of stay, year of study and sample size (P<0. 05). Conclusion: Hospital resources are wasted due to patients’ unnecessary stays. Thus, policymakers and managers should take serious measures to decrease patients’ unnecessary stays in hospitals.

Background and Objective: Cancer patients are experiencing psychological problems because of the nature of the disease, the stages of treatment and their experinces of severe pain. Hence, it is important to reduce these problems in order to facilitate the treatment of cancer. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the effectiveness of teaching adolescent mindfulness education on depression, anxiety and stress in adolescents with cancer at the chemotherapy stage. Subjects and Methods: The present study was a quasi-experimental design with a post-test pretest design with control group and followup stage. The statistical population of cancer patients in the chemotherapy stage referred to the private clinics of cancer treatment in Isfahan in 2017-2018; 30 of whom were selected by available method and divided into two groups and were run through a DASS-21 pre-test questionnaire. The experimental group received eight 60-minute weekly training sessions on adolescent mindedness education, but did not manage for the control group. After completion of the intervention, a post-test, a seven-day follow-up, and one-month follow-up. Results: The findings indicated a significant difference between the two groups in depression, anxiety and stress (P<0. 001). The effects of this treatment were constant during the first and second follow-up period. Conclusion: The results of data analysis showed adolescentcentered mindfulness training can have a significant effect on decreasing depression, anxiety, and stress in adolescents with cancer at the chemotherapy stage. Therefore, this method has implications for improving the psychological state of adolescents with cancer at the chemotherapy stage.

Background and Objective: Due to the high prevalence of thyroidectomy and accidental removal of parathyroid glands as a complication in this operation, results to transient and permanent hypoparathyroidism. Therefore, we decided to investigate the incidence of parathyroidectomy in patients with thyroid or subtotal thyroidectomy. Subjects and Methods: This is a descriptive and retrospective study. The data of patients who underwent the thyroidectomy were studied by census method. Required variables including age, sex, type of pathology, the removal of the parathyroid, doctor's field of surgery, cancer status, the size of the removed thyroid and the type of surgery done. The data were collected from through hospital records and pathology by the prepared questioner list were collected. Data were entered into SPSS software version 17 and analyzed using statistical tests. Results: Of 1159 patients, 1002 (86. 5%) women and 157 (13. 5%) were male. Of the total thyroidectomy, 81 cases (7%) of accidental parathyroidectomy were found. The mean age of patients was 41. 01 ± 6. 20 y; mean thyroid diameter was 6. 20 ± 2. 16 cm. The most common type of pathology in the examined patients was multinodular goiter (52. 8%). There was a statistically significant difference between the mean surgeon's work experience with the accidental removal of the parathyroid gland (P<0. 05). Conclusion: According to the results, it can be concluded that accidental parathyroidectomy is not very common in patients undergoing thyroidectomy. The factors of malignant status, ward of surgery, surgeon's work experience and pathology of the lesion are effective on its frequency.

Background and Objectives: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common and costly musculoskeletal complaints in today’ s societies, affecting up to 80% of the population at least one episode during their lifetime. Balance and postural control is considered as an essential requirement for physical and daily activities. Subjects and Methods: In this study 24 patients with low back pain (aged: 33. 42 ± 9. 73 y, BMI: 25. 82 ± 1. 92) matched with 24 healthy persons (aged: 32. 08 ± 8. 73 y, BMI: 25. 16± 1. 99). Postural stability indices (OSI, MLSI, APSI) were measured with biodex system during standing on one leg. Results: A significant difference was seen only between standard deviation of overall stability and mediolateral stability indexes (P<0. 05). Healthy subjects had significanlty better dynamic balance than patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain. Conclusion: Differences in balance control in frontal position may be due to the activity of hip abductor muscles during standing on one leg, and gluteus medius is powerful stabilizer of pelvic girdle in frontal plane. In other hand according to past researches, weakness of this muscles in patients with chronic nonspecific low back pain is prevalence. May be this weakness is the cause of difference in frontal plane.