VETERINARY CLINICAL PATHOLOGY (VETERINARY JOURNAL TABRIZ)
Year:2020 | Volume:14 | Issue:2 (54)|Papers Count:8

Polycystic ovary syndrome results from lack of follicular wall collagen reduction leading to accumulation of follicles and decreased oocyte quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of vitex extract on in vitro maturation and fertilization of oocytes in mice exposed to polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOs). A total of 32 immature Naval Medical Research Institute (NMRI) 25 day old female mice with a mean body weight of 25 gr were randomly allocated into four experimental groups including: 1) Control group (Con) which did not receive extract, 2) PCO: polycystic ovary syndrome group which also did not receive any extract, and groups 3 and 4 in which PCO was induced and received vitex extract at 365 and 730 mg/kg/day respectively for 30 days. The mice received intraperitoneal injection of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMSG) and subsequently sacrificed in order to collect oocytes from ovarian follicles for in vitro analysis of maturation and fertilization. The amounts of serum testosterone and estradiol substantially decreased in extract treated groups in comparison with PCO mice (p<0. 05). Use of vitex extract decreased testosterone whether in groups PCO+365 mg of extract or PCO+730 mg of extract versus PCO (p<0. 05). The number of mature oocytes (MII) in PCO+730 mg of extract was significantly higher than PCO (p<0. 05). Also there were no significant differences in percentage of fertilized oocytes and Two-cell embryos between experimental groups (p>0. 05). On the other hand, the percentage of produced blastocyst and hatched embryos in PCO+365 mg of extract was higher than PCO (p<0. 05). The results showed vitex extract consumption can induce more oocytes for fertilization and consequently, production of embryos in animals with PCO syndrome.

Escherichia coli is the cause of many surgical wound infections. This study was designed to investigate the antibacterial effects of hydroalcoholic extract of Capparis spinosa and pistacia atlantica on E. coli in surgical wounds using a rat model. The antimicrobial activity of Capparis spinosa and pistacia altantica extract was first determined by paper disk diffusion method to determine Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and also Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). Then, 30 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into three treatment groups. A circular incision was made on the dorsal inter-scapular region of each rat. Then, rats were inoculated topically with 1. 5×10 8 CFU of E. coli at the site of skin wounds. The extracts of Capparis spinosa and Pistacia atlantica was applied to wounds twice a day during the experiment. Animals of the control group were left untreated. The results showed that the extract of Caparis spinosa and Pistacia atlantica had antimicrobial effects against Escherichia coli. The antimicrobial activity of Capparis spinosa extract against E. coli was higher than the Pistacia atlantica extract (The MIC and MBC values). Also there was a significant difference in the rats treated with the extracts in comparison to the control group. It can be concluded that the extracts of these plants have antimicrobial properties and inhibit the growth of Escherichia coli in infected wounds and thus can accelerate the wound healing process.

Cocidiosis causes annual economic losses in industrial poultry farms and nutritional strategies can alleviate these losses. The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of different levels of arginine on cecum microbial population and serum antioxidant properties of healthy and Eimeria-challenged broiler chicks. Experimental treatments included healthy and challenged broiler chicks fed with 85, 100, 125 and 150% of the recommended arginine. To conduct bacterial culture, samples were collected aseptically from cecum during slaughter (on days 21 and 42). The levels of antioxidant and oxidant factors and nitric oxide were also assessed in the serum of broiler chicks. The chicks which had received 125 and 150% of arginine showed lower E. coli population and higher population of lactobacillus, total bacteria, bifidiobacteria and pH in the cecum (p<0. 05), but entrococous population was not influenced (p>0. 05). Eimeria challenge decreased the level of glutathione peroxidase, super oxide dismutase, and total antioxidant capacity and increased the levels of malondialdehyde (p<0. 05), but inclusion of arginine in the levels of 125 and 150% only increased the level of glutathione peroxidase (p<0. 05), and did not have any effect on other parameters (p<0. 05). In summary, consumption of arginine in higher levels (125 and 150%) decreased the pathogenic population and increased the beneficial bacteria and the level of glutathione peroxidase in Eimeria-challenged broiler chicks.

Assessing the intraocular pressure is a key parameter for eye examinations used to diagnose diseases of this organ of the body. Determining the IOP requires a tool that is fast, accurate, portable, and functional. Currently, there are accepted methods for determining IOP, which include rebound tonometry and the Applentation method. This study aimed to determine the reference value for intraocular pressure by using rebound tonometry in the Caspian horse. In this regard, 20 apparently healthy Caspian miniature horses, both male and female aged between 2 and 14 years old and weighing between 150 and 200 kg were selected. The total mean and standard deviation of the results obtained from the study of intraocular pressure in 20 Caspian miniature horses were calculated as 32. 9± 6. 7 mm/Hg. Gender had no significant effect on IOP (p>0. 05). No significant differences were seen between the mean IOP values of the left eye compared to the right eye. Given the importance of early diagnosis of glaucoma and the prevention of subsequent disorders, it seems that the obtained results could be used as reference to measure the intraocular pressure of Caspian miniature horses.

This study was designed to investigate the epidemiological distribution of B. bovis and B. bigemina using molecular method and related risk factors in a number of cattle in northwestern Iran. For this purpose, 153 blood samples were randomly collected in the East and West Azarbaijan provinces. The extracted DNA from blood cells was analyzed using a set of primers derived from the 18s rRNA gene for members of the genera Babesia by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A semi-nested PCR technique was used for the identification of B. bovis and B. bigemina species. Based on the results of the present study, out of 153 blood samples, 39 (25. 49%) were infected with a species of Babesia protozoan parasite, one of which was simultaneously infected with both Babesia species, and B. bovis and B. bigemina were detected in 38 (97. 43 %) and 2 (5. 12 %) samples, respectively. Our findings showed a high prevalence of B. bovis in comparison with B. bigemina in the animals (24. 83% vs. 1. 30%). In present research, the prevalence of Babesia species in West Azarbaijan province was significantly higher than that in East Azarbaijan (70% vs. 30%). Risk factors analysis revealed that although statistically significant differences in the prevalence of the Babesiosis were observed based on climate, season, flock management, feeding and race (p<0. 05) but the effect of age, gender, and tick burden was not statistically significant. Our data provide valuable information regarding the epidemiology of B. bovis and B. bigemina infection in cattle in northwestern Iran which will likely be very beneficial for the management and control programs of the disease.

Perturbation of testicular descent into the scrotum results in cryptorchidism. After surgical correction of cryptorchidism (orchidopexy), recovery of damaged testicular tissue is observed gradually. The aim of the present study was to histologically evaluate the effect of Coenzyme Q10 on testicular tissue after orchidopexy in the rat. In this study, 40 male immature rats were randomly divided into 4 groups of 10 animals each. The first group received no surgical intervention. Experimental bilateral cryptorchidism was induced surgically in the second group and rats were kept until the end of the experiment. In the third and fourth groups, orchidopexy was performed 35 days after induction of experimental bilateral cryptorchidism. Rats in the third and fourth group were administered oral olive oil and coenzyme Q10 respectively for 30 days after orchidopexy. At the end of the experimental period, testicular tissue samples were obtained for morphologic and histomorphometerical studies. The results were analyzed with one-way ANOVA and Tukey test and p<0. 05 was considered significant. Results indicated that using Coenzyme Q10 accelerated the repaire process of testicular injuries after orchidopexy. The diameter of seminiferous tubules and thickness of epithelium of tubules were increased and spermatogenic indices including tubular differentiation index, repopulation index and spermiogenesis index significantly increased (p<0. 05). This study indicated that the use of Coenzyme Q10 causes testicular tissue repair and improves histomorphometrical and spermatogenesis coefficients after orchidopexy in the rat.

Retinol or vitamin A is an essential fat-soluble vitamin. Because of the particular role of vitamin A in different tissues and organs, various clinical signs are seen during its deficiency. In addition, in cases of marginal deficiency without clinical signs performance defects, such as infertility are seen. This study was conducted to determine the serumic amounts of beta-carotene and vitamin A of sheep in Khalkhal city. During the summer of 2018; 200 blood samples (100 males and 100 females) were collected from jugular veins of sheep. Spectrophotometry was used for determination of vitamin A and β-carotene levels. The mean± SEM concentration of β carotene and vitamin A of serum in the open breeding system were 19/5± 9/3 (µ g/dl) and 57/6± 13/1 (µ g/dl) respectively, and also in the closed breeding system these values were 19/2± 9/6 (µ g/dl) and 26/9± 7/9 (µ g/dl) respectively. The difference between vitamin A in the two groups was significant (p=0. 000), but beta-carotene was not. There was no significant difference in levels of vitamin A and beta-carotene of serum in the four age groups and between the two sexes. In conclusion, the role of age, sex and nutrition in the serumic amounts of these compounds is significantly varied and laboratory results should be interpreted more cautiously.

In hens, spontaneous tumors of the ovary and, less frequently, of the oviduct, are common. Leiomyoma and oviduct adenocarcinoma are the most common tumors of the reproductive tract in laying hens. The present article, reports a metastatic adenocarcinoma in an 80 week old commercial layer chicken flock in second-cycle of egg production in Mazandaran province. Eight dead layer hens were referred to division of avian diseases of Amol University. On necropsy examination, the mesentery and serosal surface of the intestine was studded with grayish white nodules. The ovary contained varying sizes of multiple single to lobulated grayish white nodules. Also, ascites were seen in some cases. Tissue samples were taken and placed in 10% neutral buffered formalin. Microscopically, cuboidal neoplastic cells were arranged in acinar and tubular pattern in the serosal layer of intestine. The cells appeared as variable sized cuboidal cells with indistinct cell borders, eosinophilic granular cytoplasm, round nuclei, indistinct nucleoli and fine chromatin granules. The intestinal nodules showed neoplastic cells and structures similar to those of the ovary tumor.