Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences
Year:2020 | Volume:27 | Issue:1|Papers Count:10

Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis (OWCL) is a relatively common parasitic infection that is among endemic diseases in many regions worldwide, particularly in Iran. Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica species with over 500, 000 and 400, 000 annual cases are considered the two main causes of OWCL, respectively. Diagnosis and treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) can be difficult due to alterations in clinical manifestations and resistance to treatment. There is currently no vaccine available for (CL). Its systemic treatment also has serious and severe side effects. The uncomplicated cases of (CL) in a person with healthy immunity can be managed alone by topical treatment as an effective and less complicated treatment and may not require other systemic therapies. This study aims to describe topical treatment methods for OWCL.

Background and Aim: Asthma is the first cause of absenteeism and the third cause of hospitalization for children under the age of 15. It is causes psychological and emotional problems, decrease self-esteem. Lack of control of it can lead to frequent hospitalizationof affected children. Perhaps providing information in an attractive way about their illness will improve their self-efficacy. Therefore, the present study aims to evaluate the effect of animation and pamphlet-based discharge program on the self-efficacy of children with asthma was designed. Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted in Akbar Hospital in 2018, with participation of 90 patients that randomly allocated three groups of 30 animation, pamphlet and control. In the animation group, given educational CD and pamphlet group given educational pamphlet for twice a week about 2 months, and in the control group, information was provided in the routine section. Before and after intervention, self efficacy of children was measured. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 and one way ANOVA, Kolmogorov– Smirnov, Kruskal Wallis, paired t-test, Chi-square tests and Tukey post hoc. Results: After the intervention, the self-efficacy score of the animation group was significantly higher than the pamphlet and control group (p <0. 001). In comparison, intra-group self-efficacy was significantly increased in all three groups after two months compared to baseline (p <0. 001). Conclusion: The discharge program based on animation promotes self-efficacy in children with asthma and is recommended paying more attention to nursing care.

Background and Aim: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, autoimmune inflammatory disease that affects synovial tissue. According to potential side effects of current treatments, interest in using complementary and alternative medicine(CAM) has reappeared. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of extract of Ferula assa-foetida L. resin on the severity of rheumatoid arthritis symptoms in the collagen induced animal model. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 30 female Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: healthy control, CIA, Dexamethasone receiving group to amount 1 mg/kg, receiving group to 100 mg/kg concentration of extract of asafoetida resin, receiving group to 300 mg/kg concentration of extract of asafoetida resin and receiving group to 100 mg/kg extract and dexamethasone (mixed group). Rheumatoid arthritis was induced by the administration of collagen type 2 and adjuvant. The clinical evaluation started and the severity of the symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis, by examination and standard scoring was performed. Results: From the thirteenth day, Symptoms of the disease appeared and from the fourteenth day, there was a significant difference between the control and CIA groups in the clinical symptom score of arthritis. Among intervention groups, receiving group to 100 mg/kg concentration of extract earlier and more cause to decreased severity of symptoms. So on the 28th day, disease severity in the control group was 13. 4 and in the treatment group with a concentration of 100 mg/kg extracts of Ferula assa-foetida L. resin was 9. 6. Conclusion: Hydroalcoholic extract of asafoetida resin, its could reduce the severity of symptoms of ankle RA and in the dose of 100 mg/kg cause to mitigate the symptoms of apparent swelling and inflammation.

Background and Aim: Researches have shown that promoter methylation of the CADM1 gene is one of the main mechanisms is to silence its expression in cancer cells. The objective of this study was to determine the methylation pattern of the CADM1 gene promoter and to quantify the human papillomavirus. Materials and Methods: In this research, 75 tumor tissues and 75 tumor marginal tissue samples taken from patients with definitive diagnosis of cervical cancer were examined. After extraction of DNA and ensuring the quality and quantity of DNA extracted by spectrophotometry and the agarose gel electrophoresis method, the methylation pattern of the CADM1was performed by the HRM method. Determining the methylation pattern of the CADM1 gene, without considering the type of involved variants was performed by using the Eva Green method and comparing the high-resolution melting point and HPV quantities were determined after isolation from the block. Results: Methylation of CADM1 gene in cervical tumor cells increased significantly (P< 0. 0001) in comparison with the tumor margin before and after radiotherapy. But the change in the level of methylation of tumor cells before and after radiotherapy was not significant. This means that radiotherapy does not affect the level of methylation of the CADM1 gene. Moreover, the level of methylation of CADM1 gene in patients with HPV titer higher than 500 ml / IU was significantly more than that of patients with HPV titer lower than 500 ml / IU. Conclusion: Use of DNA methylated of the cancer cells as a prognosis for cervical cancer in HPV positive women it’ s appropriate, also the CADM1 gene can be used as a marker of cervical cancer.

Background and Aim: Zinc oxide nanoparticle (ZnO NPs), Due to its unique properties, such as its anti-cancer and antioxidant properties, it has attracted researchers attention. In the present study, the cytotoxic and anti-angiogenic properties of zinc oxide nanoparticles prepared with the green method from extract Origanum Majorana were investigated. Materials and Methods: Cytotoxic effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles, By MTT assay on cells of HUVEC، MDA-MB-231 and Hep-G2 was examined. In order to evaluate the anti-angiogenic effects in an in vivo model, 48 fertile eggs with Ross breed randomly divided into 6 groups Consist of: 4 treatment groups with different concentrations of (125, 250, 500 and 1000 μ g / ml), control and sham groups. After 12 days of incubation, the number and the length of the vessels of the chorioallantoic membrane of chick embryos were assessed. Eventually, data were analyzed using Image J and SPSS software (version 16) and one-way ANOVA and post hoc LSD statistical tests at the significant level (P <0. 05). Results: The results showed that ZnO nanoparticles made the concentration-dependent cytotoxic effects with the amount IC50 values of 60, 15 and 80 μ g / ml. The number and length of chorioallantoic membrane vessels and by chick embryos weight and height in treated groups with different concentrations of nanoparticles significantly decreased compared to the control group (p<0. 05). Conclusion: The Zinc oxide nanoparticles produced by the green method from the extract of Marjoram probably with more severe cytotoxic properties for cancerous cells compared to healthy cells and it can also have anti-angiogenic potential.

Background and Aim: Metronidazole is one of the antibiotics that are widely used and resistant to biodegradation, it is one of the most important pollutants in the environment. The purpose of the study was to examine the efficacy of the Electro-Fenton process for removing metronidazole from synthetic wastewater using iron electrode under operating different conditions. Materials and Methods: The present study was an experimental, laboratory-scale study that was done discontinuously. The effect of soluble pH variables (11, 9, 7, 5, 3), initial concentration of metronidazole (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 mg/ L), electrode spacing (0. 5, 1, 2 and 3 cm), hydrogen peroxide concentration (50, 100, 150 and 200 mg/L) and current intensity (1, 0. 5, 0. 3, 0. 2 and 0. 05 A) with the mixing rate of 100 RPM at ambient temperature was investigated. The reaction kinetics was also studied. The antibiotic concentration was read by UV / Vis T80 + spectrophotometer at 320 nm wavelength. Results: The results showed that at optimum conditions (pH 7, 120 minutes, antibiotic concentration 20 mg / L, the hydrogen peroxide concentration 150 mg / L, inlet current intensity of 0. 05 A and electrode spacing of 1 cm), The removal efficiency of metronidazole by Electro-Fenton process was 96. 37%. Conclusion: According to the results, it was found that Electro-Fenton with iron electrodes can be used as an effective method in the removal of metronidazole from aqueous solutions.

Background and Aim: Exercises to reduce respiratory symptoms of asthma and Vitamin D by regulating the immune system can play a significant role in the health of asthmatic patients. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effect of short-term consumption of vitamin D supplements following a session of increasing activity on respiratory parameters and tolerance to activity of women with mild asthma. Materials and Methods: This study was quasi-experimental based on the pre-test and post-test pattern that following the announcement of the call, 30 asthmatic women volunteered in Ahwaz was performed. Ballk test for cardiopulmonary patients was used for increasing aerobic exercise. Supplementation with vitamin D tablets at a dose of 1000 units daily was performed for six weeks. For evaluation of pulmonary Vital Capacity (VC) and Maximum Voluntary Ventilation (MVV) indices, the Spirometer device was used. To determine normality of the data was used Shapiro-Wilk's test and data analysis by using paired t-test. Results: The results showed that after the intervention, there was a significant difference in VC and MVV levels and tolerance to activity in the pre-test, supplementation and exercise stages (P ≤ 0. 05(. Conclusion: Taking vitamin D supplementation with aerobic exercise can improve respiratory function in asthmatic patients and increase tolerance to activity.

Background and Aim: Metabolic thyroid diseases is one of the most common diseases in adults. On the other hand, environmental pollutants, including heavy metals, can interfere with the functioning of hormones, hence, this study aimed to evaluate of the serum level of magnesium, manganese and selenium in patients with hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism and thyroid cancer in Birjand city in 2018. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive-cross sectional study. 77 patients studied in three groups of hypothyroidism (n = 33), hyperthyroidism (n = 33) and thyroid cancer (n = 11) referred to endocrine clinic of Vale-Asr Hospital. In serum samples obtained from fasting venous samples, the concentration of metals was measured by ICP-MS and thyroid hormone levels were measured by ELISA kit. Data were analyzed using statistical tests of Kolmogorov-Smirnov, one-way ANOVA, Kruskal-Wallis, chisquare and Pearson’ s correlation coefficients by using R3. 3. 1 software. Results: Results showed that only the manganese level was significantly different in the three groups (P <0. 05). The average level of magnesium, manganese, and selenium in the hypothyroidism were 88. 7± 0. 5, 6. 30± 4. 8, and 1. 38± 0. 80; in the hyperthyroidism were 55. 7± 0. 4, 5. 5± 4. 1, and 1. 47± 0. 70; and in the thyroid cancer group were 2. 07± 0. 81, 6. 02± 2. 2 and 1. 8± 1. 3 μ g/l respectively. The results also showed the location of habitat in different groups had a statistically significant difference (P <0. 05). Conclusion: According to the findings of this study, although there is little relationship between the types of thyroid disorders and the serum levels of heavy metals, it is significant in the case of manganese, which reveals the importance of further investigation.

Background and Aim: One of the most important components of medical student education, it is clinical education that should always be observed because of its importance. Accordingly, the present study aimed to investigate barriers to quality of clinical education from the viewpoints of medical students of Birjand University of Medical Sciences in the academic year 2018-2019. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on medical students. A total of 133 students who had completed their basic sciences courses were selected by the available sampling method. The data collecting tool was researcher made questionnaire that its validity and reliability were confirmed. Data were analyzed by SPSS software (Version 16). Results: The mean score of professor’ s domain was 15. 06± 5. 69, educational environment and staff 6. 1± 2. 38, personal characteristics of students 6. 64 ± 2. 43 and curriculum 7. 66 ± 3. 05. The lack of emphasis on important points of the educational materials while presenting the lesson, master's disregard for communication between theoretical knowledge and clinical skills, inadequate knowledge and theoretical information of students, and the student’ s lack of confidence in the patient's bedside they were identified as the most important barriers to clinical education. There was also no agreement between the existing and the desired conditions in the areas of interest from the viewpoint of the students and the clinical environment and staff had the highest inconsistency. Conclusion: According to the present study, Students of among master's fields, Student individual characteristics, curriculum, staff and clinical environment, the most important barriers to education knew staff and clinical environments, which could be remedied by providing equipment and facilities and creating the necessary coordination between students and staff.

Evaluation of knowledge, attitude, and performance of elementary school students in Birjand about oral health in 2016