Iranian Journal of Psychiatric Nursing
Year:2021 | Volume:8 | Issue:5|Papers Count:10

Introduction: Increasing the level of marital disaffection and decreasing marital commitment in couples gradually results in couples' involvement in a stressful and frustrating relationship and eventually leads to weakening the marriage. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the couple therapy's effectiveness with the schema therapy approach to reduce marital disaffection and improve marital commitment in couples referring to counseling centers in Mahabad. Methods: The study was quasi-experimental with the pretest-posttest design, and a follow-up test was conducted with a control group. The study population consisted of all couples who referred to counseling centers in the second half of 2019. To this end, 30 couples with marital problems and conflicts were selected by a purposive sampling method and randomly assigned to the experimental group (15 couples) and control group (15 couples). The data were collected using the Marital Disaffection Scale (MDS) and the Marital Commitment Questionnaire (MCQ), which was performed as the pre-test, post-test, and two-month follow-up. Couples in the experimental group participated in 10 sessions of 2 hours per week, but the control group did not receive this training. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). Results: The findings indicated that there was no significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of marital disaffection and marital commitment in the pre-test stage (P >0. 05), but there was a significant difference between them in terms of both variables of marital disaffection and marital commitment in the post-test stage (P <0. 05). In other words, couple therapy by schema therapy approach reduced marital disaffection (F = 76. 252) and increased marital commitment (F = 106. 096) and their dimensions in couples. This improvement was also maintained in the follow-up phase (marital disaffection (F = 56. 565) and marital commitment (F = 104. 999). Conclusions: This study's results have practical implications for the use of therapeutic intervention programs in which the schema therapy approach was employed to reduce marital problems caused by marital disaffection. Besides, on the basis of the findings of this study, the couple therapy training programs based on schema therapy can be exploited to improve marital commitment.

Introduction: Nurses have a key role in providing health services, so promoting their social wellbeing and life expectancy is associated with improving in job performance. The present study was done with the aim of investigation the effectiveness of mindfulness and metacognition education on social welfare and life expectancy of nurses. Methods: in this quasi-experimental research with pretest and posttest design 60 nurses of Sirjan hospitals Were randomly divided in 3 groups (each group 20 members), consist of: 2 treatment groups (one for education based on mindfulness and another for education based on metacognition) and one control group. Mindfulness training based on social relationships and social skills training with metacognition approach are used for intervention groups. Keys social wellbeing scale and Schneider’ s life expectancy questionnaire are used for data gathering before and after educational intervention, data were analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive and analytical statistics. Significance level was set at 0. 05. Results: The mean scores of social welfare dimensions improved in intervention groups after applying mindfulness and metacognition education. The most increase in mindfulness and metacognition groups, was related to social participation and social acceptance subscales, respectively. Analysis of covariance showed that mindfulness and metacognition educations had a positive effect on social welfare and life expectancy of nurses (P<0. 05( Conclusions: mindfulness and metacognition educations can produce beneficial effects on social welfare and life expectancy of people who face with high level of stress such as nurses

Introuduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder means behavioral disorders that begin in childhood and continue into adolescence and even middle age if appropriate therapies are not used. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of dialectical behavior therapy on reducing the symptoms of attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder and suicidal ideation in adolescents with attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder. Methods: The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population of the study included all adolescents with attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder in Tehran in 1398. Using a purposive sampling method, 30 of them were selected and randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups (15 people in each group). The experimental group underwent dialectical behavior therapy (12 sessions of 60 minutes), But the control group did not receive any intervention. Research tools including Attention-Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder Questionnaire Connors, Arhad, and Sparrow (1999) and Beck and Steer (1987) Suicidal ideation questionnaires were used. Data were analyzed using analysis of covariance. Results: The mean age of the samples was 16/13 ± 4/12 years. The results showed that dialectical behavior therapy was effective in reducing the symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and suicidal ideation in adolescents with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Conclusions: According to the results, this treatment can be used to reduce the symptoms of attentiondeficit/ hyperactivity disorder and suicidal ideation in adolescents with attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder and thus help reduce stress in hyperactive people According to the results, this treatment can be used to reduce the symptoms of attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder and suicidal ideation in adolescents with attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder and thus help reduce stress in hyperactive people.

Introduction: Having a child with autism is a stressful situation for family members, which can lead to a variety of psychological problems in the family members of these children. The aim of this study was to compare decision-making styles, cognitive-emotional regulation and social adjustment in mothers with autistic children and mothers with normal children in Khorramabad. Methods: The present study is a comparative method based on causal method. The statistical population of the present study is all mothers with autistic children and mothers with normal children in the academic year of 2019-2020, whose children are in the age range of 7 to 11 years. The census method and the number of mothers with normal children were selected by random sampling method. The research tools were Scott and Bruce's decision-making style questionnaires, Gross and Jen's cognitive-emotional regulation, and Bell's social adjustment questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multivariate and single-variance analysis by SPSS software version 19. Results: Data analysis showed that there is a significant difference between different types of decisionmaking styles, cognitive-emotional regulation and social adjustment of mothers with autistic children and mothers with normal children (p <0. 001). Conclusions: According to the research results, it can be said that mothers with autism have more failures in decision making, emotional regulation and social adjustment than mothers with normal children.

Introduction: Body mass index is determined by many factors including genetic predisposition, energy-related behaviors, social processes, and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to model the child's body mass index based on maternal body mass index, parental stress, and child screen time with the mediating role of emotion regulation. Methods: This study was a descriptive structural equation. The statistical population of the present study consisted of 7 to 10-year-old students in schools in 4 districts of Tehran in the 1397 academic year. Also, a sample of 460 people was selected using cluster sampling. In this study, the parenting stress questionnaire-short form (PSI-SF) tool of child and adolescent emotional regulation checklist (ERC) was used. Results: Based on the results of path analysis Based on the results of path analysis of maternal body mass index (β = 0. 128, P <0. 01), parental stress (β = 0. 408, P <0. 01), screen time Child (β = 0. 220, P <0. 01), emotional regulation (β =-0. 116, P <0. 01) as well as excitability (β = 0. 137, P <0. 01) as They directly predict the child's body mass index. The results showed that maternal body mass index, parental stress, and child screen time also indirectly predict child body mass index. Indirect standard coefficients for maternal body mass index (β = 0. 099, P <0. 01), parental stress (β = 0. 059, P <0. 01) and child screen time (β = 0. 043, P <0. 01 ) is significant. Also, the results of the model showed that 72. 9% of the variance of the child's body mass index, 24% of the variance of emotional regulation, and 77. 2% of the variance of excitability can be explained using the variables in the model. Conclusions: Considering that people use overeating in stressful situations as an ineffective coping strategy to deal with stressors and regulate their emotions, the identification of these factors will increase the better understanding of behaviors and underlying causes of stress. Appropriate treatment partners can be provided in the field of prevention and treatment of obesity. In addition, by controlling the screen time, parents can prevent childhood obesity by planning active activities.

Introduction: Patients with generalized anxiety disorders are so involved with possible future concerns that they can hardly live in the present and experience what is happening. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive therapy based on mind-awareness on emotional self-awareness and meta-cognitive beliefs in adolescents with a general anxiety disorder. Methods: The present study was a semi-experimental design with a pretest and posttest design with the control group. The statistical population of the study consisted of all adolescents with generalized anxiety disorder diagnosis in the city of Tehran in 2018, and 30 of them were selected through targeted sampling and were assigned to two groups of 15 experimental and control groups. The subjects of the mind-cognitive-based cognitive therapy group received a 120-minute session per week for 8 sessions. The research data were collected before and after the intervention and immediately after the end of the sessions by EQI questionnaire and metacognitive beliefs questionnaire (MCQ-3). Using descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviations) and inferential (Multivariate covariance analysis) and analyzed by SPSS v. 23 software. Results: The results of this study showed that the effect of cognitive therapy based on mind-awareness on emotional self-awareness and meta-cognitive components of adolescents with general anxiety disorder were statistically significant (P <0. 001). Conclusions: Based on the results of this study, in addition to the statistical significance, the importance of cognitive therapy based on mind-awareness of increasing emotional self-awareness and reducing the severity of metacognitive beliefs in adolescents with anxiety disorder can be emphasized and used as an effective method.

Introduction: Covid 19 endangers the physical and psychological health of people around the world; It has caused a lot of psychological damage to people's mental health. In such a way that the need to control and prevent their severity and continuity of it. The purpose of this study was to analyze the lived experiences of individuals in controlling and preventing the severity and persistence of psychological trauma during the Corona Virus. Methods: This was a qualitative study of interpretive phenomenology. Thirty-one individuals who did not have Covid 19 Virus but were present in the community during quarantine and epidemic stress were selected as the sample by purposive sampling until theoretical saturation. Research data were collected using semi-structured interviews and content analysis method was used to analyze this information. Results: The most important strategies for controlling and preventing the severity and persistence of psychological trauma due to the consequences of Corona Virus, 7 main strategies (strengthening psychological capital, conscious acceptance of reality, emotional control, redefining life, attention to spiritual dimensions, cognitive skills training and health strategies) And 48 executive strategies were extracted and categorized. Conclusions: The lived experiences of the participants of this study showed that the prevalence of Covid 19 dimensions of mental health strongly affects people and to prevent and control the damage caused by it can use various strategies and in severe cases effective psychological interventions.

Introduction: Family members of psychiatric patients often experience disabilities and experiences of distress, anxiety, depression, and economic problems. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of group educational interventions on the anxiety of primary caregivers of patients with type I bipolar disorder for the first time. Methods: The present study was a clinical trial with a control group using a convenience sampling method and was randomly divided into two equal experimental (n = 32) and control (n = 32) groups. eligibility for data collection two demographic and beck anxiety questionnaires was used in two stages including pre-intervention and post-intervention and both groups were asked to attend a meeting. completing the post-test (beck anxiety inventory) in a group. during the eight sessions, they received group-based psychosocial interventions and the control group received no intervention after the pre-test. spss software version 20 and p-value <0. 05 were used for data analysis. Results: The mean anxiety level in the experimental group in the pre-test was 37. 44 with a standard deviation of 11. 76 and in the control group was 29. 53 with the standard deviation of 8. 89. the mean level of anxiety in the experimental group at post-test was 12. 22 with the standard deviation of 7. 84 and in the control group was 28. 41 with standard deviation of 9. 10. the mean level of anxiety in the experimental group was 6. 69 with a standard deviation of 4. 81 and in the control group was 27. 31 with a standard deviation of 9. 44. Conclusions: The designed group psychoeducational intervention used in this study has been able to produce favorable changes in carers' awareness about caring for patients with type I bipolar disorder and thereby reduce their anxiety.

Introduction: Comparing aggressive behavior in everyday life and driving context shows that driving can increase the aggressive manner. This anger and rage leading to serious harm for oneself or other people, in addition it can sometimes causing immoral and obscene behavior. This issue that “ why good people do bad, inhuman and unethical things without feeling guilty” discussed in bandura’ s moral disengagement mechanism theory. The purpose of this study was to measure psychometric of aggressive driving moral disengagement scale. Methods: The method of this cross-sectional research was descriptive-correlational. In this study, firstly we prepared a questionnaire in 32 items about moral disengagement on driving. And after reviewing the face and content validity by familiar experts to subject, it was reduced to 24 items. Its reliability was also confirmed in a small group of drivers (a=0. 89). To examine the structure validity, 135 drivers completed the questionnaire in online way in Tehran in 2020. Finally, the data was entered in SPSS 23 software. For the structure validity was applied the exploratory factor analysis with principal component analysis (PCA) method with Varimax rotation. Results: In all 135 drivers who participated, 79 (58. 5%) of them were male and 56 (41. 5%) were female. The mean age of the drivers was 44. 31. Factor analysis clearly distinguished 17 items in four factors, namely: dehumanization, moral justification, shifting responsibility, and distorting outcomes. The results of reliability analysis with Cronbach's alpha method showed that these four factors have a good coefficient of internal consistency. Conclusions: The driving moral disengagement scale. as a reliable and valid tool can be used with other psychological studies and high-risk behaviors of drivers’ reviews. These studies can increase our understanding of moral justifications, attribution of bad behavior and irresponsibility while driving.

Introduction: Lack of social skills affects interpersonal relationships, personality development, and adaptation of the child to the environment. Meanwhile, the mother is a member of the family that plays the most effective role in educating the child. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between mothers' parenting styles and the social skills of primary school pupils in Bushehr (2019). Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 550 mothers of students from 16 public and non-profit primary schools in Bushehr were randomly selected by cluster sampling method. Data were collected using Bamrind Parenting Style Questionnaire and Matson Social Skills Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics tests of univariate and multivariate regression analysis at a significance level (P<0. 05) Results: The results showed that among the three parenting styles, authoritative parenting the style had a direct and significant relationship with social skills (P = 0. 004, β = 0. 135). The level of education (the father's academic degree) had a significant reverse relationship with the child's social skills (P = 0. 004, β =-0. 266). Conclusions: The results of this study showed that the authoritative parenting style because it is based on maintaining limitations with moderation, interaction, and intimacy, leads to appropriate levels of independence and two-way communication between the child and parents. The results of this study can draw the attention of community and family public health planners and implementers to the important the role that mothers' parenting style has in promoting children's social skills.