Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal
Year:2016 | Volume:25 | Issue:1|Papers Count:22

Sillaginids are one of the important fishes in coastal waters of Persian Gulf, whose larvae of different species are morphologically very similar to each other and identification of them to species level is very difficult. In this study a total of 4195 Sillaginidae larvae were collected from five inlets (Shif, Lashkari, Ramleh, Dubbeh, Farakeh) and one sampling site in the coastal area of Bushehr Province using a Bongo-net. Morphological and genetic methods were used to identity larvae of this family. The larvae were morphologically divided into two groups, depending on 34 or 38 myomers. The larvae with 34 myomeres were identified as Sillago sihama. To identify larvae with 38 myomers, 12 individuals of postflexion larvae were selected and the morphological characteristics such as number of dorsal and anal fins as well as DNA barcoding of COI were used. According to morphological characteristics, the larvae were divided into two species; Sillago arabica and Sillago attenuata. Genetic studies were done by sequencing of 625 base pair of COI gene. Genetic distances calculated using K2P model between these two species was 18% to 19.7% which indicate that DNA barcoding confirms morphological method and it can be used for identifying younger larvae whose fin rays have not been developed and are unidentifiable with morphological methods.

The goal of this research was considering the reasons of policy holder satisfaction of breeding freshwater fish farms with agriculture insurance in Mazandaran province. The population of this research was the number of 63 freshwater fish breeders in Mazandaran province had assured their farms through Agricultural Insurance Fund during years 88 to 92 and they have utilized questionnaires for field data collection, its validity was approved by experts’ panel and its reliability was approved through utilization of Cronbach’s alpha coefficient (0.85). the variable " Agricultural Insurance Fund has considered on our complain on time" had more sound on satisfaction at the level of %30 followed by the variable " I am satisfied with specification and estimating damage of agricultural insurance" with the level of %28 and" the distance between damage and the time of compensation assessment by Insurance Fund is suitable " in level of %23 and" mangers and personnel attitude of Agricultural Insurance Fund is suitable" in level %20 are effective in measure of satisfaction. Obtained results from the research indicate that the main dissatisfaction of breeders had been about "becoming time-consuming between damage and compensation payment, being unsuitable and defective of specification and estimating compensation process, the way of considering on complain and demand of breeders and the way of managers and personnel of Agricultural Insurance Fund attitude and behavior

Although nanomaterials have broad applications in many fields including aquaculture, their release into the environment has raised some concerns in recent years. This study was conducted to investigate the possibility of enriching Artemia with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) for possible use in aquaculture on the one hand, and, on the other hand, to investigate the transfer of this material through the food chain and its accumulation in the body of zebrafish as an aquatic model. In order to evaluate the absorption and excretion of ZnO-NPs in Artemia, nauplii were exposed to concentrations of 1, 10 and 100 mg/L ZnO-NPs suspension for 24 hours and then placed in the nanoparticles-free water for another 24 hours. The zebrafish were then fed with ZnO-NPs enriched nauplii for 21 days, followed by feeding on nanoparticles-free nauplii for 7 days to determine trophic transfer as well as excretion of nanoparticles from the fish body. The accumulated zinc over the periods of absorption and excretion in nauplii and fish were measured using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The results showed that Artemia nauplii had high potential for accumulation of ZnO-NPs, while accumulated zinc had high potential for transfer to fish. Based on the results, Artemia can be enriched with ZnO-NPs so that the needs of fish to zinc can be met. However, the risk of nanomaterials release into the aquatic ecosystems and their trophic transfer along the food chain should be considered.

Haraz River is an important river in north of Iran. This river is one of the vital importances in Mazandaran province and cities of Amol, Babol, Fereidoon'kenar and Nour. This river is considered the largest and most beautiful tourist destinations of Mazandaran because it has the path and landscape of the mountainous and forest. This study was conducted for survey the coliforms and nematode eggs in runoff of Haraz River. Forty eight samples from four stations were taken during a year and samples examined for total coliform, fecal coliform and nematode eggs. The results showed that maximum and minimum of total coliforms in runoff was observed in Nourrod (3.1±1.95 CFU/100ml) and Shahrak Esar Amole (2.2±1.77CFU/100ml) and also maximum and minimum of fecal coliforms was in Nourrod (1.6±1.23 CFU/100ml) and Shahrak Esar Amole (1.2±.54 CFU/100ml) respectively. Also, the average annual number of nematode worm's eggs in the studied stations was varied between 30 in Nourrod to 124±41 in Shahrak Esar Amole.The results of this study showed that due to discharging of wastewater, sewage and runoff into the River result in decrease of water quality. Low quality of this river is caused distribution of microbial and parasites infections and is also contaminated of water used for agriculture, fish farms and horticulture.

Regarding the beneficial effects and benefits of the herb Aloe vera and its applicationin various industries such as pharmaceuticals and food industries, this study investigated the effects of Aloe vera extracton growth parameters and bacterial flora of the Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). In this study, a total of 360 numbers of Siberian sturgeon weight edaverage 10.95±0.04 (g) randomly distributed in four treatments including a control group andthree experimental groups (each with three replications) were used. So, Aloe Vera extract powder ratio of 0.5%, 1% and 1.5% were added to the food. After eight weeks of feeding in the fiberglass vans and physicochemical parameters of water daily registration, biometrycarried out and necessary samples collected. In this study, growth indicators such as weight gain, initial body weight, condition factor, feed conversion ratio, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, hepatosomatic index and survival ratewere calculated. Results showed that all growth parameters (except hepatosomatic index) in the treatments compared to the control group showed statistically significant differences as a significant difference between the control group treated 1.5% extract were observed (p<0.05). Each carcass composition parameters, no significant difference was observed between the treatment and control groups (p>0.05). Meanwhile, to talcount of bacteriain intestine in the treatment and control groups didnot show significant differences (p>0.05), but significant increase in the count of anaerobicbacteria (lactic acid bacteria) were observed compared to the control group (p<0.05). The result showed that Aloe vera extract can be effective in improving the growth performance of Siberian sturgeon.

This research have been conducted to investigate pelagic fish larval disperse, biodiversity and morphological features around Hengam Island. The island is located in south coast of Qeshm island in Strait of Hormoz. The bottom of vicinity water of Hengam Island is covered with coral reefs. Sampling carried out from late winter 2012 until late autumn using oblique sampling with 300 µm mesh plankton net. Fish larvae individuals were collected from near bottom to surface with three replicates from six selected sampling sites around the island. A total number of 6832 fish larvae were obtained from several families including Atherinidae, Carangidae, Cepolidae, Engraulidae, Hemiramphidae, Leiognathidae, Lethrinidae, Sillaginidae, Sparidae which consisted 48% of total abundance of larvae. The larval fish of the family Engraulidae was introduced with 0.18 individual per 10 cube meter of filtrated water in autumn as the dominant group. There was significant difference between seasons (ANOVA, p<0.05). Physicochemical factors were also measured at the time of sampling for each station. Negative correlation was found between water temperature and abundance of almost pelagic families using Spearman correlation coefficient. Also morphometric and meristic characteristics of species of fish larvae were studied. Maximum amount of ShannonWeaner index of diversity and dominance index of Simpson estimated in autumn and summer were estimated 3.37 and 0.72 respectively.

In order to examine the effect of lead on the iron content of blood, sampling of common carp was carried out randomly from a fish culture pond in southeast of Babol by purse seine, in 2008. First of all, the experimental fish were adapted to laboratory conditions for 48 hours. Then, the effect of different concentrations of lead were examined using 3 experimental (A: 4.296 mg/l, B: 7.127 mg/l, C: 8.656 mg/l) and one control groups. There were 12 aquariums, each containing 12 fish. It was tried to apply an equal environmental condition for all of the aquariums during the experiment. Following 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours of exposure, fish were anesthetized and blood samples were taken from caudal vein. The fish average weight and length (total length) were 140.5 g, 21.8 cm, respectively. Concentrations of lead and iron have been determined by ICP-OES after acid digestion of blood samples by Microwave. This study showed that the absorption of lead and its concentration in the blood significantly increased (p<0.05) as the time passed compared to the control group. However, there was no significant trend since the blood acts as a carrier of heavy metals such as lead to the target organs. There was also no significant relationship (p<0.05, n=3) between increasing the amount of absorbed lead and blood iron changes. Therefore, it may be concluded that there is no interaction between blood iron and lead concentration. Increasing trend of blood iron concentration during the experiment was also probably because of some physiological changes resulting from stress in fish.

Actinomycetes are gram positive and filamentous bacteria and produce major portion of bioactive compounds. The aim of this study was to isolate and identify antibiotic producing actinomycetes from Persian Gulf marine sediments within Hormozgan province territory. Among 3 selected isolation media the M1 medium showed highest efficacy by isolation of 32 colonies. Heat treatment of 100 ºC for 60 min isolated 26 colonies and showed the best result. Approximately 60 Actinomycete isolates were obtained from 10 sediment samples. Evaluation of antimicrobial activity showed that 33, 20 and 30 % of isolates exhibited antimicrobial activity against S.aureus, E.coli and C.albicans respectively.Morphologic, physiologic and chemotaxonomic studies showed that selected potent isolates consist of Ifro12, Ifro 33 and Ifro 47 belonged to Streptomyces genus. Molecular genetic studies based on 16s rRNA gene analysis revealed that Ifro12, Ifro 33 and Ifro 47 exhibited 99 % similarity to S.olivaceus, S.cacaoi and S.variabilis respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Ifro12 and Ifro 47 derived from a common ancestor. The results of present research indicated that these three isolates could be considered as promising candidates for antibiotic discovery researches.

Out of considerable environmental factors, temperature and its possible effects on life stages of Caspian trout investigated by natural incubation (8oC) condition simulation comparing with cold (4oC) and warm (12oC) constant incubation temperatures in 3 well equipped incubators by water recycling systems. Green eggs triple treatments of wild and F1 cultured brooders were incubated. Incubation implemented in dark by using REDD water and DO–pH – temperature digital monitoring ended to yolk sac absorption and entering larval stage. Numbers and diameters of white fiber muscles measured and significant differences considered between three thermal treatments (P<0.05) in both wild and cultured stocks. The numbers of white fiber muscles in warm treatment by highest means (72.54) and lowest diameter (8.46 micrometer) compared with Cold treatment white fiber muscles diameter (20.59 micrometer) and numbers (50.72) which were the highest diameter and lowest numbers means between treatments. Hatching success stated considerable mortality for cold treatments and 8oC incubator improved the best temperature in wild treatment. Incubation temperature induced significant effect on white fiber muscles stated considerable index for flesh precursor muscles condition which is subject of natural stocks rehabilitation and domestication projects considerations.

Phytoplankton groups are very important producers in the Anzali wetland having a significant role inthe quality and need to be constantly studied in term of their sequence and density. This surveywas conducted at 6 stations between March 2011 and February 2012. According to the results, 67 different genera (22 Bacillariophyta, 26 Chlorophyta, 9 Cyanobacteria, 5 Cryptophyta, 1 Euglenophyta, 2 Chrysophyta, 1Dinoflgellata and 1 Xanthophyta) were identified.Most observed inSorkhankol and Karkan stations with the annual average of 24.4±5.6 and 20.4±5.4 cells/ literrespectively. The Bacillariophyta particularly Cyclotella was dominant in all of the stations, but high abundance of Cyanobacteria in Karkan station from July to mid-Octobercaused the annual average of this phylum to be more than Bacillariophyta. The highest and lowest phytoplankton abundances were observed in September and December, respectively.The number of phytoplankton genera and diversity in this study were less than previous studies.

A feeding trial was conducted to examine the effects of dietary supplementation of lysine and methionineon growth, nutrient utilization and carcass compositions in beluga, Huso huso. Four experimental soyprotein based diets D0 (without lysine or methionine supplementation), D1 (lysine supplementation alone), D2 (methionine supplementation alone) and D3 (both lysine and methionine supplementation) were fed totriplicate groups.240 fish with average weight of 144.6±4.64 g were fed the experimental diets for12wk. L-Lysine and DL-methionine were added to the diets containing 344 g kg-1 soybean meals at 22.02and 12.94 g kg-1 of dry diet respectively. Significant higher weight gain, specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, condition factor, feed efficiency ratio, whole muscle protein and protein apparent digestibility were observed in fish fed soya protein-based diet supplemented with both lysine and methionine than that of fish of other dietary groups. There were no significant differences among fish feddiet supplemented with either methionine or lysine. Growth performances, feed utilization, carcass composition and apparent digestibility coefficients of protein, lipid and dry matter of fish fed control diet was significantly lower than those of fish fed diet supplemented both lysine and methionine and supplemented with either methionine or lysine. It can be concluded that beluga, fingerlings effectively utilize the supplemental amino acids (L-Lysine at 22.02 g kg-1 dry diet and DL-methionine at 12.94 g kg-1 dry diet) in the diets containing 344 g kg-1 soybean meals for better carcass proximate compositions, growth performance and feed efficiency and utilization.

In order to assess the phylogenetic relationships of three rare species belonging to tribe Parablenniini was carried out, along the Coast of Oman Sea. Based on the type of habitats the specimens of Blenniid were collected from three sampling sites in the intertidal zones by Scoop and hand net in low tide and in sub-tidal zones by scuba diving and hand from 3, 6, 9, and 12m depths in September to March 2013. Totally 30 fish samples collected and deposited to the lab for further investigation. Based on the available identification keys and morphometric characters three species of Parablennius cornutus, Parabelennius pilicorn, Scartella emarginata were identified. DNA was extracted from the basal tissue of the first dorsal fin, subsequently by using a specific fish primer 700 bp of Cytochrome Oxidase C subunit 1 (CO1) was amplified in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and sequenced. After comparison of Iranian Blenniid species CO1 sequence with sequence of 25 species from GenBank, was concluded that Iranian species are paraphyletically in the clade Parablenniini and sub-clads of Scartella and Parablennius. Since the relationship of Parablennius with other blenniids is the subject of many studies to resolve the conflicts and ambiguities among them we selected these genera to investigate the sister group relationship among them as well as other genera and clads. This is the first time that morphologic and molecular study of the two genera Parablennius and Scartella have been carried out in Iran.

This research was done in a trout farm in Kohkiloyeh and Boyer- Ahmad province. The main object of this study was comparing of two sources of astaxanthin (synthetic or algae) in feed on astaxanthin content of egg in rainbow trout. It was considered seven groups consisting six treatments (T1-T6) in two different astaxanthin sources and a control (C) (without astaxanthin). So, algal astaxanthin (haematococcus pluvialis) in the three levels of 2.67, 3.55 and 8gr/kg food (T1, T2, T3); and synthetic astaxanthin in three levels of 40, 80 and 120mg/kg food in diet (T4, T5, T6) examined on 140 trout broods (3-4 years) for 4 months, before the spawning season. Astaxanthin content of obtained eggs from all treatments in spawning season was measured by HPLC apparatus. The highest and the lowest amount of egg astaxanthin were observed in T3 and C respectively. In each astaxanthin group, a significant difference was obtained between averages in treatments (P<0.05), as T3 was the highest between them. No significant difference was observed between synthetic astaxanthin treatments (T4, T5 and T6) and T1 (the lowest level of algal astaxanthin). Treatments T2 and T6 also had the same function in term of saving astaxanthin in eggs. It also concluded that natural astaxanthin (Haematococcus pluvialis) for the reason that contains supplementary nutritious, is extraordinary preferable than synthetic astaxanthin to improve astaxanthing content of egg in rainbow trout.

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of periods of starvation and refeeding on somehematological, serum parameters and whole body proximate composition in Caspian salmon (Salmo truttacaspius).240 samples of the Caspian salmon with an average weight of 13.73±0.63 g were kept in 300 literpolyethylene tanks. Samples were fed twice a day with Rainbow trout commercial feed to the point of satiation. This experiment lasted for 10 weeks with control (without starvation) and 3 starvation treatments including 2, 4 and 6 weeks of starvation followed by 4 weeks of refeeding with 3 replicates. During rearing period, the averageof water temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen were 14.15±0.27oC, 8.44±0.17 and 6.34±0.24 mgl-1, respectively. At the end of starvation period, the results of blood parameters showed that starvation significantlyincreased red blood cells and hematocrit in treatment with 2 weeks of starvation (0.893±0.58×106/mm3) and 6weeks of starvation (42.33±3.21%, P<0.05), respectively. At the end of trial, the highest value of white bloodcells belonged to 6 weeks starvation treatment (14.2±0.12×103/mm3) while the lowest (10±0.60×103/mm3) was observed in the control. Results of the biochemical serum parameters indicated the lowest amount of totalprotein (1.71±0.88 mg/dl) and glucose (41.35±1.44 mg/dl) were obtained in 6 weeks starvation treatment, rightafter the starvation period (P<0.05). At the end of the starvation period, the whole body protein content ofcontrol was lower than other treatmens (P<0.05), but after 2 weeks of refeeding, whole body protein content of 2and 4 weeks starvation treatments didn' t show any significant difference compared to control (P>0.05). At theend of the experiment, the lowest value of lipid belonged to starvation treatments while the highest value wasobserved in control (P<0.05). Generally, this can be inferred that Caspian salmon fish can tolerate starvation for2 weeks without any negative impact on blood and serum biochemical parameters and for 4 weeks on wholebody proximate composition.

Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) post-larvae 12 were obtained from Bushehr province and reared at the Caspian Sea Ecological Research Iinstitute (Mazandaran, Iran) in summer2012 using brackish water of the Caspian Sea. Prior to start of the experiment, post-larvaewere gradually adapted to brackish water. The shrimp was stocked in a 1000 m2 earthen pond with a stocking density of 31 individual/m2. The earthen pond was in quarantine withoutdischarge valve. During the rearing period, there was no water exchange. The shrimp wasreared for 85 days. The average daily growth, final mean weight, feed conversion ratio andfinal yield were 0.31±0.04 g, 21.11±0.71 g, 0.79 and 531 kg, respectively. The results showedthat L. vannamei can growth well in brackish water of Caspian Sea (salinity of 11.1±0.7 pptand temperature of 28.67±0.72oC) in Mazandaran province from July to September.

Purpose of this study was to evaluate the biological parameters of growth and some roach (Rutilus rutilus caspicus) on the southern coast of the Caspian Sea. Therefore, 160 pieces of fish taken from two the regions and some biological characteristics such as age, sexuality and growth, given the importance and development of population and time were studied. The mean (±Standard Deviation) age, body weight and fork length fish roach respectively in Sari and Turkmen of port 2.8±0.68 and 2.4±0.97 years, 18.56±2.12 and 16.5±2.62 cm, 117.67±48.82 and 76.73±36.31 gr. There is a significant correlation between fork length, weight and age of fish (P<0.001). The sex ratio of male to female fish roach in Sari 1: 1.5 and Turkmen of port 1.7: 1, which respectively, differences significant are statistically (Sari: ttest=15.39, P<0.001) (Turkmen port: t-test=18.25, P<0.001). Index GSI (Gonad Somatic Index) in Sari fish roach over the fish roach of Turkmen of port and season gonad growth in both areas was appropriate. The mean condition factor (CF) in Sari and Turkmen of port fish roach showing respectively 1.24±0.14 and 1.12±0.09. Also, the length and weight relationship, positive growth pattern in both locations is displayed. All these factors indicate different status, age, sexuality and growth of the fish is investigated in the two areas.

In this study, Spatial and temporal water quality in coastal waters of Hormozgan province were evaluated using multivariate statistical techniques, such as cluster analysis, principal component analysis (PCA). For the measurement of particles and nutrients, the Sampling was performed in surface layer of water (Until one meter) for 12 months in 2013. Water temperature, pH, salinity, dissolved oxygen, conductivity, turbidity and chlorophyll a were measured by CTD in situ. Cluster analysis grouped fourteen stations and twelve months into three and two clusters of similar water quality features respectively.The principle component analysis identified five parameters (temperature, electrical conductivity, nitrate, total ammonia and Chlorophyll a) for temporal analysis and seven parameters (temperature, electrical conductivity, nitrate, total ammonia, phosphate, silicate and chlorophyll a) for spatial analysis. In addition, PCA identified three latent pollution sources for groups 1, 2 and 3 (organic_eutrophication, Nutrient pollution and natural pollution (. It seems that the coastal waters can be classified into three groups, i.e. low, moderate and high pollution).

This study was conducted to determine some heavy metals (Fe, Mg, Cr, Ni) of surface sediment in thesouthern Caspian Sea during two seasons (Summer and Winter) in 2014-2015.36 surface sedimentssamples (with triplicate) were collected at two stations (Tonekabon and Bandar Amirabad). Allsamples were analyzed using sequential extraction to indicate natural and anthropogenic sources. Theresults indicated that the percentage of non-resistance fraction in Tonekabon area were measured3.5, 45.0, 22.1 and 6.0 for Fe, Mg, Cr, Ni, respectively and in Amirabad area were 23.0, 2.6, 1.8 and 4.0, respectively. On the other hand, the percentage of resistance fraction values were obtained 96.5, 55.0, 77.9 and 94.0 in Tonekabon, and 77.0, 97.4, 98.2, and 96.0 in Amirabad region. The chemicalspeciation of Fe, Mg, Cr, Ni in most sampling stations were in the order of residual>oxidisableorganic>acid-reducible>exchangeable. The order of total concentration, non-resistance andresistance fraction were observed Fe>Mn>Ni>Cr, Mn>Fe>Ni>Cr and Fe>Mn>Ni>Cr, respectively. Asa conclusion, results of total concentration, resistnace and non-resistance of Fe, Mn, Ni and Cr werelower than standard and earth shell (Igeo) in this area. This is shown that surface sediments of this areawere not polluted with these heavy metals and bioavaiable fraction provides little indication ofpotential interactions with the biotic components present in this environment.