Journal of Psychology
Year:2005 | Volume:9 | Issue:1 (33)|Papers Count:7

The present study compares the wives" psychological characteristics who had a husband with spinal-cord injury (war-handicapped) with normal ones. The main purpose of the study was to describe the psychological effects of Iran-Iraq imposed war on wives of volunteers who participated in war and suffered from spinal-cord injury. The questions include whether or not there are significant differences between the two samples on psychological characteristics such as depression, anxiety, hostility, phobia, paranoid ideation, psychotism, interpersonal sensitivity, somatization and obsessive-compulsive. First, 45 employed wives who had husbands with spinal-cord injury (war handicapped), were selected in Tehran. Then 45 employed wives who had non-injured norman husbands were selected, trying to match their with the war handicapped group. All participants completed the SCL-90-R questionniare as well as a demographic questionniare. Results of data analysis showed. that there are significant differences between the two groups. It means that the war handicapped"s wives had more psychological symptoms than the normal group.

This reserch aims to explore relationships between ego development and religious development represented by attachment to God and religious orientation. 636 university students participated in this research. Participants were university students selected from 12 faculties of Shahid Beheshti University. All participants completed the "Sentence Completion Test (S. C. T)" , the "Multidimen8ional Attachment to God Scale", the ""Attachment to Mother Scale" and the "Religious Orientation Scale (ROS)". Analysis of results indicate a negative relation (P= 0.05) between ego level and avoidance attachment to God, and positive relation (P= 0. 001) between ego level and intrinsic rereligious orientation. It has also found that the intrinsic religious orientation has negative relation with both dimensions, anxious and avoidance attachment to God. Although the results supported the corresponding model of the Kirkpatrick"s hypothesis for the low & middle ego levels, but the high ego levels ara excluded. Interpretation of results will focus on the following issues: 1- Introducing ego development as the precondition for religious development. 2Introducing transcendence attachment need (attachment to God) as the precondition for ego development. 3-Differentiating the transcendence attachment need and religious behavior at the high ego levels. 4- Evaluation of corresponding model of the Kirkpatrick"s hypothesis, and introducing the ego level as one of the basic constructs to address the issue. 5-Evaluation and providing indirect support for the Allport"s hypothesis about mature individuals, at the scope of relevant constructs. 6-Evaluation and providing indirect support for the Loevinger"s hypothesis about the influence of ego development to the neighboring domains. In sum, this research, not only introduces some new perspectives in two important areas of psychology, i. e., religion psychology and personality psychology, but also it bridges these two fields.

Examined the direct relationships between sensation seeking and risky driving, 120 male volunteers (mean age =30. 9) participated in this study. In order to measure sensation seeking and dangerous driving behavior, the Zuckerman Sensation Seeking Scale and the Manchester Driving Questionnaire were used. Results indicated that sensation seeking were correlated significantly with dangerous driving behaviors (i.e. lapses, errors, violations). In addition, high sensation seekers estimated their speed greater than low sensation seekers in an ideal condition.- The number of accidents for high sensation seekers were not different from that of low sensation seekers. But those people who had greater number of accidents compared to those who had less number of accidents reported more dangerous driving behaviors (i.e. lapses, errors and violations), as well as more stopping and finning by police. Results of these study shows that it is possible to predict dangerous driving behavior by sensation seeking construct. Thus, it makes sense that police do some actions to identify and plan how to confront those people with high sensation seeking tendencies.

This study attempts to determine the effects of group counseling utilizing cognitivt! therapy on changing attitudes of student toward education. The sample consists twenty four high-school male students (12= experimental group and 12= control group), who have got low scores on the Attitude Toward Academic Scale (ATAS) were selected and were randomly placed in the experimental and control groups. The experimental group recieved six sessions of cognitive group counseling. The ATAS, was completed by all subjects in both groups towice; before starting the group counseling sessions and at the end of the intervention sessions as pre and post tests. Result indicated that cognitive group counseling has been significantly effective on changing the students" attitudes toward academic education, academic interest and academic motivation, academic actives, and perception on social norms which are related with academic education.

The purpose of the present study was to propose and test a motivational model of elementary school math learning. The model posits that motivation of parents and teachers influence students" motivation in math learning. The sample includes 148 students of grade 4 & 5 and 60 teachers in these grades who were selected from the elementary schooles in Shiraz. While teachers completed the motivational orientation in classroom, students completed the perceptions of Parents" Motivational Orientation Scale, as well as the Students" Academic Self-Regulation Learning. Path analysis showed that: 1) Teachers" and motheres" autonomy support lead students to develop internal and identified motivation. 2) Teachers" control behaviors and mothers" involvement behaviors leading to students" external and introjected motivation. 3) Finally, students" external motivation influence their math learning; i. e. students with external motivation have higher math score.

The relationship between reading and phonological awareness has shown in many investigations in different languages. Howevere there are very few investigations in Persian and also no standardizyed tool to assess phonological awareness. The main purpose of this study was detect validity and reliability of the Soleymani"s Test (2000). The test was performed on 203 children (101 girls and 102 boys) from 4 to 12 years old. Subjects were selected from the north, south and center of Tehran in a random base. Intelligence Quotient (IQ), behovior status, hearing and language development of all subjects were normal. The results indicate high reliability. Correlation coefficient with subtests of TOLD in Persian was significant (p<0.001). The test can distinct dyslexic and good reader children, and also differentiate phonological awerareness skills among children of different ages.