Journal of Psychology
Year:2015 | Volume:19 | Issue:1 (73)|Papers Count:9

The aim of the present study was investigating the mediating role of achievement goals in the relationship between need for cognition and cognitive engagement based on students’ academic procrastination. 268 third grade high-school students (161 female & 107 male) from high-schools in Shiraz city were selected through multistage cluster sampling and answered to a set of self-report questionnaire consisted of Need for Cognition Scale (NCS), Achievement Goals Scale (AGS), Cognitive Engagement Scale (MSLQ), and Academic Procrastination Scale (PASS). The research method was descriptive and correlation research design to study the relationship between variables in causal model of path analysis framework. The results generally showed that in an academic procrastination context, need for cognition had significant positive indirect effect on deep cognitive strategies through the mediation of achievement goals; however, this effect on shallow cognitive strategies was significant, but negative and indirect. The findings demonstrated that the direct effect of need for cognition on mastery and goals was significantly positive; but this effect on performance-approach and performance-avoidant goals were significantly negative. The effect of each of the achievement goals on shallow and deep cognitive strategies were different.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of personality dimensions on moral judgment according to the level of activity of the behavioral activating system (BAS) and behavioral inhibition system (BIS). Participants were male students in Kharazmi University who were selected based on their extreme scores in the Carver and White Personality Questionnaire and were assighined in four groups as follows: High behavioral activating system (HBAS), low behavioral activating system (LBAS), high behavioral inhibition system (HBIS) and low behavioral inhibition system (LBIS). Participants were assessed by personal and impersonal moral stories. Results showed that individuals with HBAS and HBIS in comparison with individals with LBIS obtained higher scores in both personal and impersonal moral judgment components. It seems that personality traits associated with BAS and BIS, which are respectively associated with positive and negative emotions lead to utilitarianism in personal and impersonal moral judgment.

This study was done for the purpose of investigating the development of wisdom from adolescence to elderly in Isfahan. Sample size was consisted of 345 participants in four age groups 15 to 18 year-olds (n=108), 19 to 29 year-olds (n=104), 30 to 45 year-olds (n=44) and over 46 year-olds (n=51). All groups selected based on cluster sampling, for the first group, clusters were high school classes and for the others streets based on municipal areas. In order to achieve the desired goal, causal- comparative statistical design were applied. Data were gathered using Three-Dimensional Wisdom Scale (3D-WS) by Ardelt (2003). Before using the measure structural equation modeling was done to verify the validity and reliability. Data were analyzed in SPSS19 based on analysis of variance. Results revealed that there were not significant group effects on 3D-WS’s dimensions. pairwise comparisons showed significant difference between 15 to 18 year-olds, 19 to 29 years and 30 to 45 years in affective dimension (p=0.02, p=0.005, p=0.002 respectively). Also over 46 year-olds showed difference with 30 to 45 year-olds in total score of 3d-ws (p=0.02).

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of neurofeedback in the correct brain’s wave’s amplitude and the visual-motor continue performance (sustain attention) of students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. (ADHD). This interventional study was conducted with an experimental group and a control group including 34 female students with high scores on the Conner’s adult’s questionnaire and theta/beta ratio in Mohaghege Ardebili University, Iran. Particpants were randomly selected and assigned to neurfeedback training and control groups. Nerofeddback Training (NF) was used with experimental group in twenty sessions and the control group received no training. Data were gathered with using the neurofeedback system (NFT), Continuous Performance Test (CPT), the short diagnostic hyperactivity disorder - Conner’s adult’s questionnaire. Multivariate analysis of covariance was used for analyzing the data. The results indicated that Neurofeedback training affected on all dimensions of Continuous Performance Test (CPT) and correct brain’s wave’s amplitude i.e. Beta, Theta and SMR. Findings suggested that neurofeedback training effected in the correct brain’s wave’s amplitude and the increase of attention in girl’s students with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

The present study aims to investigate the cognitive styles of thinking (legislative, executive, and judiciary) based on the metacognitive components. The participants were 165 first graders of exceptionally talented high school students’ in Tehran who were randomly chosen through cluster sampling method. The thining Styles Inventory (Sternberg - Wagner, 1997) and the State Metacognitive Inventory (O’neil-Abedi, 1996) questioners were used as means of measurement. The results show that each of the thinking styles and metacognitive components are meaningfully above the average amongst these talented students. It can be inferred that metacognitive components are predictive of thinking styles in general. The findings of this study show that students of exceptionally talented students schools use legislative and special thinking more than executive styles. and using of meta cognitive variables in cognitive strategies and planning have better status in comparison to self- knowing and studying.

This study was conducted to examine gender differences in the Family Drawing Test. Sample of this descriptive study, were 218 girls and boys third grade student that were selected randomly from Isfahan schools. The test was performed according to the instructions and differences that were mentioned in earlier research as gender differences, was listed and were analyzed using Mann-Whitney U test and Chi - square. Mann - Whitney U test results indicated a significant differences in 7 of 10 examined characteristic by this test, including the use of cold colors, warm colors, number of colors, essential and inessential details, proportions and gender stereotypes. Also chi-square test results revealed significant differences in two characteristics including drawing relationships and drawing same sex figures first. This study confirms differences between boy and girls in the family drawing test, that need to be considered in the analysis of this test in diagnostic areas.

This research was performed in order to validate the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI-40) from Raskin and Terry (1988) in an Iranian population. In this cross sectional survey, 335 university students of three departments, selected in stratified sampling method, were assessed by the Narcissistic Personality Inventory-40 (NPI-40), The Neuroticism Extroversion Openness Inventory (NEO-FFI) and the Millon Clinical Multi-axial Inventory-III (MCMI-III). The concurrent validity was assessed through completing a simultaneous MCMI-III test, while the differential validity was assessed as the differential power of test between individuals who had high or low extroversion and high or low agreeableness factors. Test-retest, splitting and internal consistency coefficients were reported. There were significant correlations between NPI-40 and MCMI-III scores (a=0.83, p<0.000). The reliability of NPI-40 was proved (p=0.005). Test-retest consistency coefficient, splitting consistency coefficient and Cronbach alpha coefficient for internal consistency were estimated to be 0.72 (p<0.000), 0.75 (p<0.05) and 0.65 (p<0.05) respectively. The Goodness of Fit Index for the 7 factors of the NPI-40 has been acceptable. Conclusion: Based on the results, the NPI-40 with 7 factors is an appropriate instrument to screen narcissistic personality traits in Iranian population for pertaining researches, and is a diagnostic tool in nonclinical population.