Journal of Psychology
Year:2015 | Volume:18 | Issue:4 (72)|Papers Count:10

The purpose of this study was testing the model of structural relationships between primary and secondary cognitive appraisals, optimism, coping strategies and subjective well-being among university students. 371 students (188 male and 183 female) completed the Stress Appraisal Measure (Rowley, Roesch, Jurica &Vaughn, 2005), the Life Orientation Test-Revised (Schier, Carver & Bridges, 1994), the Way of Coping Questionnaire-Revised (Folkman & Lazarus, 1985)), the Positive and Negative Affect Schedul (Watson, Clark & Tellegen) and the Satisfaction with Life Scale (Denier, Emmons, Larsen & Griffin). The result of structural equation modeling showed that hypothesized models had an acceptable fit to the data. In mediating model of task-oriented coping strategies, resources and challenge with optimism and task-oriented a significant positive relationship and the results indicated a significant negative relationship between threat with optimism and task-oriented coping. In addition the results showed significant positive relationship between optimism and task-oriented with well-being and between task-oriented and well-being. In contrast, mediating model of tension reduction, resources and challenge with tension reduction showed a non-significant negative relationship and the results indicated a non-significant positive relationship with tension reduction. Results also indicated that the relationship between primary and secondary appraisals with subjective well-being by optimism and task- oriented is mediated partially. In mediating models of adaptive and non-adaptive coping strategies, Models predictors accounted for 76% and 80% of the variance in subjective well-being, respectively.

The purpose of this research was to study the relation between identity styles, gender roles and marital satisfaction in married couples. 200 heterosexual couples (400 individuals) were selected by cluster sampling among married Bank employees in Tehran and completed the Bem Sex Role Inventory (1974), the Identity Style Invetory - 4 (2007) and the Enrich Couple Scale (1989). The method for data analysis was correlation method. Findings showed that there were significant relations between identity styles, gender roles and marital satisfaction. The significance of these relations were different in two genders; i.e. there was a direct relation between feminine gender role and marital satisfaction in men, while such a relation was not significant in women.

The present study investigated the mediating role of anxiety and self-regulation in the relationship between achievement goals (mastery and performance) and academic performance. Participants (274 female and 384 male third grade Math students in state high schools of Tehran) were selected by multistage random sampling method and answered three scales: The Self-Regulation Strategies, Miller and et al (1996); the Achievement Goals, Middleton & Midgley, (1997); and the Academic Emotions, Pekrun (2005). To evaluate the academic performance, the students, average scores were used. Path analysis indicated a good fitness for the model and revealed that mastery goals have significant indirect effect on academic performance by the mediation of Self-regulation and anxiety, but performance goals don’t have significant indirect effect on academic performance. On the whole, it seems that mastery-oriented students use deep learning strategies and they usually have intrinsic goals and motivation. They naturally show less anxiety in challenging situations and they also use cognitive and Meta cognitive strategies which result in improvement of self-regulation and reduction of anxiety and have positive effects on academic performance.

The present study was carried out to examine the effectiveness of mindfulness based cognitive therapy (MBCT) versus cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) on cognitive reactivity and self-compassion in recurrent depression with residual symptoms. The study design was pre-test - post-test in which 40 patients with residual symptoms after a major depressive episode were selected and randomly assigned to either group MBCT and CBT. They were assessed with the Self-Compassion Scale and the Leiden Index of Depression Sensitivity at pre and post assessments. The result of MANCOVA shows that there were significant differences between two groups in both variables. The results of test supported the effectiveness of mindfulness based cognitive therapy on self-compassion and cognitive reactivity. In sum, MBCT is more effective intervention than CBT in cognitive reactivity and self-compassion.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between mother's parenting style (permissive, authoritarian and authoritative), personality traits (NEO Five Factors Model) and creativity in school students. 156 students were selected from all Shahrood's schools and by multistage racemose hoppenstonce sampling. The instruments were, McCray and Costa NEO Personality Inventory Revised and the Abedi Creativity Test. The finding shows that there were positive relationships between creativivity and openness and conscientiousness and negative relationship between neuroticism and creativivity. A significant differencs were observed between boys and girl in tow dimensions neuroticism and extraversion. Neuroticism score for girls were higher as compared to that of boys and extraversion score for boys was higher than girls. No significant differenc was observed in the girls and boys creativity total score. However elaboration score for girls were higher as compared to that of boys and flexibility score for boys was higher than girls.

The aim of the current research was to investigate mediation and moderation (MEMO) effects of personal work goals between Effort Reward Imbalance Questionnaire (ERI) and burnout. The statistical population was personnel of an industrial company, among them 230 persons were selected randomly. Instruments were ERI, the Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey (MBI-GS) and the Personal Goal Scales. Hierarchical GLM show the direct and indirect effects via goal categories of the ERI component on burnout. The contribution of the work environment to the content of personal work goal was highlighted in addition to the rule of goal content as mediators between work environment and burnout. The findings also drew the attention toward three personnel goals of personnel interact with burnout namely well being, competency and job change.

Current study has been accomplished in the Shahryar County to evaluate the impact of group gestalt therapy on anxiety and self- esteem. 30 students were selected via available sampling and were assigned in to two experimental and control groups. The Beck Anxiety Inventory and the Cooper-Smith Self-Esteem Inventory were filled out by all participents as pretest. Then, 8 sessions of gestalt therapy were implemented for the experimental group and the control group received no intervention. MANCOVA was applied to analyze data. The result showed that the gestalt therapy was effective in decrement of anxiety and also was effective in increscent of self- esteem.