GEOGRAPHICAL RESEARCH QUARTERLY
Year:2004 | Volume:35 | Issue:46|Papers Count:12

Sudan low system is the one of important element of general circulation in north Africa that it has been forming west of Itupii and north of Sudan. with deepening of north Africa trouph in cold period of year, this system change to thrmodynamicaly state and by eastward movement of this trouph, the sudan low spread into the Iran and precipitation is begin. The synoptic pattern of siberian high, North Africa and Arabian peninsula anticyclone,North Africa trouph and sudan low in low and middle level make four principle patterns for deepance and development of sudan low over Iran.

In this paper the key questions are "how historical spatial and anatomical trends of Yazd city have been? " Which pattern does the present ecological structure of city follow? the above issues should be attended to on the assumption that the spatial-anatomical development of Yazd city from inception of initial cell formation of city in historical eras before and after Islam up to Pahlavi regime has enjoyed gradual, harmonic and balanced development, but from 1340 decade onwards city has adopted rapid and inharmonic spatial-anatomical development and as a result has brought about unfavourable anatomical, economic and social repercussions and effects. Also this process of inharmonic spatial-anatomical development of city has brought imbalance to its ecological structure and has turned the eccentric and interrelated structure of city into an inconsistent, sectorial and imbalanced one. The main purpose of this paper is to assess and express the effects and results of inharmonic spatial-anatomical development process of Yazd city and its effects on ecology of city. For approaching this aim, historical, descriptive and analytical methods have been used. The obtained results show that in recent decades, a considerable difference has taken place between population growth and city"s physical expansion, population a so that growth of city within years 1996-1966 is about 3.9 percent and growth of area city 1.2 percent, but the rate for years 1986-1991 is about 2.7 percent for population and 16.2 percent for physical expansion. In other words the population of Yazd city between 1956- 2001 has increased about 6 folds,but city area has increased about 16 folds. Also the city eccentric ecological pattern structure has turned into a sectoral, imbalanced multi-cellular isolated ones.

Persian Gulf is the source of the wealth of the surrounding countries and the scope for the exercise of the power of the World"s industrial countries. The big and developed countries, regarding their needs to oil to produce energy, each play a role in Persian Gulf and follow specific policies to reach their economic goals. Entrance of Japan as an industrial country which does not have a colonial background in the region, and China which is experiencing industrialization, has created new opportunities for the countries of the region to attract their investments. This article aims at presenting a clear picture of Persian Gulf s position in China and Japan"s economic strategy. Analysis of the data obtained from the documents related to the relationship between the countries of the region with China and Japan reveals that both countries attempt to increase the security coefficient in the region. To this end, they follow some policies in order to prevent tension and maintain stability in the region so that oil flow does not stop. The writers of the article elaborating on these policies, clarify Persian Gulf s position in economic strategies of China and Japan.

The paper describes an extensive analysis of hydrometeorological information of Taleghan catchment in the north west of ternan province. Potential snowfall areas as well as advance and retrogression of snow line are identified using temperature data and hypsometric curve. Snow index together with snow-water volume of catchment then are determined. Finally snow melting mechanism of basin investigated using energy budget method and spring river discharge is forecasted by means of multiple regression method.

This article studies the evolutions of population and geographical aspects of Kashan during the years 1335-1375. The process of these evolutions shows that the population of the city has increased rapidly, but the rural population decreased and even some villages had been unoccupied. So that, in the decade 1365-1375 the rural population of villages had a reduction of -3.2% while the average growth of rural population of overall country has been reported as 2%. These changes and evolutions have left some geographical reflections leading to the population growth of Kashan.

This paper investigates the factors behind the national unity with regard to cultural geographic elements in Iran. Iran is located in north east of the Middle East, and has 68 million populations. The Islamic religion (Shi"ite Muslim) is the most powerful unifying force in Iran. The discovery of oil in Iran in 1908 has served to bolster Iranian nationalism. Farsi, the language of Iran"s dominant ethnic group, is the first language of most of Iran"s people. However, because of Iran"s geographic barriers, many Iranians have a greater allegiance to their local ethnic group than to the nation. The Kurds, Azari, Lurs, Qashqai ,Arabs, Turkman, Baluchi are tribally organized. They have great pride in their ancestry, and their tribal loyalties are far stronger than any national ties. The objective of this article is to provide a voice about alliance or weakness of national unity in Iran for government official, and for the public in general. This information also is of value to Iranian themselves as they face an uncertain future. Archival material and historical document are analyzed to learn about Factors effecting on national unity. The results of this study critically identifies cultural (religion, language, music), economical (oil), political- (state policy) and social factors (lifestyle) effecting on national unity in Iran.

Qazvin province has been recently witnessing increasing growth and great cultural and service achievement both in urban and rural areas particularly from 1985 to 2000. This was the time when people at rural areas had an access to infrastructure facilities including electricity and it subsequent cultural products such as Radio, TV, Video,Newspaper,Book and so on.Also building roads, constructing new cultural installation were among those factors assisting rural areas to get out of economic and sociocultural isolation. Despite such a fantastic development; however, more than 60 percent of the villages in the province have had negative population growth and there has been twenty percent decrease in the total rural population. The findings of this study show that there has been a meaningful relationship between the youth"s accessibility to those cultural products and their driving force or motivation for leaving their own villages for the cities. Electronic cultural products and wirtten cultural products seem to have had the most and the least effects on the youth respectively.

Alluvial fans are concerned to geomprhology because of their soil fertility, surface& groundwater availability and attractiveness for human settlements. Genetic processes and changing trend of fans are important from the geomorphic point of view. Morphometric and geomorphic data, inferred by field surveys, aerial photos & satellite images, artographic measurements in the study area (Gamasiab basin in west of IRAN between Zagros mountains), used in statistical analysis and some geomorphologic inferences have made based on the analysis. The study shows that: a) international researchers" equations presented for relation between fans" basins and cone extent, approved in the study area too, b) fans" longitudinal profile & extent in the study area affected by tectonic activities and, c) lithology of fans catchment basin have obvious correlations to form & extent of alluvial fans.

Village and agriculture can play an important role in national development, since they must consider much more in major plannings. But the agriculture part have been less important them industry in constructives planning befor revolution. However, agriculture had choosed based up on allocated credit as a development pattern in first and second constructive planning. But it has not fulfilled view cases aims due to lack of decision policy and correct actions. It has been industrial development with alternative policy associated imports to support home industry during third to fifth constructive programmes. Incorrect land reform and other factors has caused the acheivement of agricutural role to socio-economic development goals, is reduced. So it has not reached national programmes in agricultural part to non of quantative aims in for cast planning. While if it doesn"t fulfill quantative goal, it will not certainly quality purpose. It has been considered village and agricultural placement and allocated contribution in this part comparison to another parts in this paper.

Drought is one of the physical hazards, that since time has caused serious changes in the human life. Drought is divided into three types: Climatic, Hydrologic and agricultural. The aim of this paper is recognition and finding of relationship between climatic and hydrologic drought. According to above mentioned research methods the recognition of severity drought and relation between both climatic and hydrologic drought have been done by using data set of climatic and hydrometric stations in the Qazvin plain. In this study at first drought indices are briefly discussed and then by using of deciles method, severity and duration of drought in both climatic and hydrologic conditions have been obtained. The results of research show that number of droughts are more than number of wet years, or, negative anomalies of precipitation, water table and discharge are more than positive anomalies .In recent years-drought years- human activities are main factor in decrease store of water table and hydrologic droughts have a lag time related to climatic droughts.