Studies in Medical Sciences
Year:2001 | Volume:12 | Issue:1|Papers Count:15

Introduction: Endophthalmitis is a term referring to eye intraocular inflammation which involves vitrous cavity and anterior chamber.Method & Material: All the patients who were admitted in ophthalmology unit of shafa hospital for cataract surgery were choked as population of study. Patients data and details were collected from operation room records and from the files of patients and then were registered. The patients who were developedred eye, pain, decreased vision and other signs of intraocular inflammation after cataract extraction, were readmitted in hospital and besed on their symptoms and clinical evaluation were diagnosed as endophthalmtis. Vitrous tap was done in affected eyes and vitrous sample was taken for culture. Results: Among 770 patients that were operated by 12 ophthalmologists, 4 patients (%0.5) were developed endophthalmitis. In other words from 411 male patients, 1 person (%0.2) and from 359 female patients, 3 persons (%0.8) were involved.Discussion: Although frequency of eudophthalmitis in patients who were operated in opthalomogy ward of kerman university hospital is statistically higher than developed covntries, but it seems it is acceptable among the patients of the third world countries. According to fischer statistical test coherence between complicated and noncomplicated groups in males and females who were studied, was not statistically significant (PV=0.344).  

This study compares the efficacy of nifedipine with magnesium sulfate in arresting preterm labor. Forty six singleton pregnancies with preterm labor were assigned randomly to either magnesium sulfate intravenously (n=23) or nifedipine prally (n=23). The principal outcome assessed was delay of delivery.Both drugs were equally effective in arresting labor and delaying delivery up to 48 hours (78% versus 91% p=NS) to one week (65% versus 73%, p=NS) and to term (52% versus 61%, p=NS) There were significantly fewer maternal side effects in the nifedipine group (39% versus 74% p=0.03), and duration of maternal hospitalization in the nifedipine group was shorter than magnesium sulfate group (2.65 versus 5.7 days, p=0.007) Apgar scores were similar in both groups the magnesium sulfate (17% versus zero, p=0.03).These resuits suggest that oral nifedipine is as effective as magnesium sulfate in arresting preterm tabor, and is significantly associated with fewer maternal side effects, and fewer admissions to the NICU.

Introduction: Study for distribution of local Anesthetics is subarachnoid space, lead us to reduce this distribution and thereby minimize sympathetic block to restrict hemodynamic alterations. This is executable with using hyperbaric solutions in the lateral decubitus position.Method & Material: During this prospective double blind trial, 50 patients between 40-70 years old age with ASA I-II candidate for hip joint surgery has randomized undergone unilateral or bilateral spinal anesthesia. After determining level of block (T10±1) vital signs recorded 1,2,3,4,5,10,15,30,45 minutes after sympathetic denervation.Results: Mean decrease in blood pressure during unilateral block was 11.91% compared with 20.16% in bilateral group. Mean bradycardia was 8.12% in unilateral block-compared with 8.8% in bilateral group. T-test reveals significant difference in hypotension between two group.Discussion: thus, restriction of sympathetic block during unilateral spinal anesthesia reduces hemodynamic alterations specially blood pressure.

Introduction: chronic viral hepatitis is considered an important disease because of its inevitable morbidity and complications. For long liver function tests, mainly serum aminotransferases (AST & ALT) and biopsy had played an important role for diagnosis and follow up of these patients. In this study the relation between the degree of necroinflammatory process (grade) and serum levels of aminotransferases and alkaline phosphates (ALKP) has been evaluated to clarify the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of these enzymes for screening of patients with chronic viral hepatitis, to determine degree of necroinflammatory activity of the disease.Materials and Methods: 130 series of liver needle biopsy slides from patients with chronic viral hepatitis is reviewed and scores of necroinflammatory process according to Modified HAI System compared with serum levels of AST, ALT, ALKP measured one month or less from the date of liver biopsy.Results and discussion: the maximum regression between necroinflammatory grade and serum level of the enzymes was found to be for AST. So the specificity and PPV of AST to assess the severity of inflammation in liver considered to be superior to ALT.NPV percent of all the enzyme are low for excluding chronic viral hepatitis in the patients. According to these results the serum level of AST can be the most accurate index for degree of necroinflammatory activity in liver in chronic viral hepatitis.Therefore in management and further follow up after treatment, determination of AST level is believed more useful than other enzymes.

Introduction: Adenosine deaminase (ADA), a hydrolase, converting adenosine to inosine and ammonia, can be found extensively in all mammalian tissue. In human, adenosine- delaminating activity is exhibited by there enzymes of differing molecular weights, a monomeric 35KD cataiytic units combined with a non enzymatic 200KD a protein (ADA1 +CP) and a 100KD a enzyme (ADA2).Method & Material: 20 cases as a control group with ages of 20-40 years old and 10patientswith tobexwlosis ages of 35-60 years old were selected and their isoenzymes were measured by gel filtration and colorimetry methods.Results: The mean activity of the isozyme ADA1+CP in controls and tuberculosis patients (4.000.79 and 6.901.78,) ADA2 (12,891.8 AND 22.504.65) and ADA1 (1.560.37 and 1.700.33) U/L The mean activity of ADA2 and ADA1 +CP in controls and tuberculosis patients showed significant differences.Discussion: Because ADA2 could be demon started only in monocytes, one might assume that the serum ADA2 originates from this cell type.

Introduction: Pregnancy is a high risk period of the life. Many factors affect mother and fetus during this period. During pregnancy, anthropometric measures such as maternal weight gain, weight for height, or arm circumference have been shown to be good predictors of unfavorable infant outcomes such as birth weight and survival. Although less research has been focused on the nutritional status and maternal outcome of pregnancy, studies have shown that anthropometric measures such as maternal height or arm circumference are useful in predicting outcomes such as pre eclampsia, postpartum hemorrhage, assisted delivery and so on.Method & Material: In order to evaluating the role of these measures a study carried out in 604 pregnant women in Hamadan. Anthropometric measures obtained pre - or immediately after gestation and weight gain and arm circumference were determined during months 5, 7 and 9 of pregnancy. Outcomes of pregnancy in mother and fetus was recorded too.Results: This study indicated that, there is statistic relationship between height and premature labor (P<0.02) and IUGR (P<0.05). Also, there is significant relationship between maternal weight gain and IUGR (P<0.02) and type of delivery (P<0.01). There is not significant relationship between anthropometric measures and other maternal and fetal outcomes.Discussion: In conclusion, the relation between some indicators such as weight and height and pregnancy outcomes such as fetal growth status and maternal delivery complications must be considered precisely.

Introduction: The diagnosis of dermatophytosis is based on clinical signs and laboratory findings. In rare condition, there is need for histopathological examination. The skin lesion is psoriasiform or spongiform and neutrophils may appear in the keratotic layer or epidermis. The presence of neutrophils as a diagnostic factor is considered in the dermatophytosis and PAS staining is usually required for confirmation of hyphae.Methods and Materials: To evaluate whether the presence of neutrophils within the stratum corneum is a sensitive or specific test for dermatophytosis we performed a retrospective case-control study on 303 cases of spongiotic or psoriasiform dermatitides over a 35-month period seen a regional hospital dermatopathology service. Eight cases of dermatophytosis were diagnosed during this period and all were included in the study. From the remaining 295 cases, 92 cases of spongiotic or psoriasiform dermatitides were examined with both Hematoxylin and eosin (H +E) and PAS stains to identify intraepidermal neutrophils and fungi.Results: The sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing dermptophyte infection based upon neutrophils within the stratum corneum were 63% and 59% respectively.Discussion: The histologic feature of neutrophils within the stratun corneum is neither sensitive nor specific in facilitating the diagnosis of dermatophytosis. PAS staining should be performed, regardless of the presence or absence of neutrophils, in any spongiotic or psoriasiform dermatitis for which the cause is not apparent on consideration of the clinical presentation and routine histology.

Introduction: It has previously been reported that macrophages pre-exposed to interleukine-4 (a Th2 cytokine) no longer will respond to Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in term of anti- Leishmanicidal activity and nitric oxide (NO) release. The aim of this study was to find out if pre-exposure of peritoneal macrophages to g-IFN (a Th1 cytokine) could abolished the effect of LPS on macrophage in term of No release.Method & Material: Peritoneal cells were extracted in usual manner and plated out at 1×106 cells\well in 24 well plates with 2 ml RPMI-1640. After 2h incubation, non adherent cells were removed and macrophages were incubated for further 24h in the presence or absence of LPS or pre-exposed to g-IFN before adding LPS.Results: The results showed that LPS enhanced NO release by peritoneal macrophages in a dose dependent fashion.Discussion: Pre-exposure of macrophages with g-IFN induced no further increase in NO production comparing with LPS-activated macrophages.

Introduction: Thioperamide, an histamin H3 receptor antagonist, blocks histamine release from the histaminergic, presynapse, thus affecting histamine and its metabolite levels in the brain and being able to modify activity of the histaminergic neuron system. The multiple function of histamin as a chemical messenger in cell to cell communication have been progressively reveals. Histamine is stored in, and released from, various cellular populations including immunoglobulin E receptor bearing cells, endocrine cells and neurons in the central or peripheral nervous system. Histidine decarboxylase (E.C.4.1.1.22) the enzyme which forms histamine in mammalian tissues.Method & Material: A simple method for the assay of histidine decarboxylase activity in brain tissue was studied. Rats were injected with saline or thioperamide (50 micro g/Kg) i.p.. One hour later, the animal was scarified and the brain was homogenate. The supernatant of homogenates was placed in tube and centrifuge at 4500 *g for 30 min. The activity of histidine decarboxylase was assayed by measuring the histamine formed spectrophotometer by the reaction with 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonate at 420 nm.Results & Discussion: Results show that the enzyme activity was highest in the hypothalamus, lower in the cerebrum. The brain histidine decarboxylase activity was decreased by thioperamide 1 hr after administration in the thalamus and cerebrum.

Introduction: To determine the incidence of ACE I/D gene polymorphism and It's effect on serum ACE level. Material and method: This prospective analytical study was done on 88 healthy kidney donate. The serum ACE determined by spectophotometric assay and genotype by polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Result: 88 healthy individual (70 males: %80 and 18 females: 20%) was selected for the study. Mean age for each genotype were: II=29,88 +/- 8/07, ID=31/04+/- 7/06, DD=29/29+/- 6/82. The frequency of deletion and insertion alleles were 0/48 and 0/51 respectively. Mean serum ACE +/- SD in each genotype were II=32/06+/- 24/2, ID=36/25 +/- 20/87, DD=50/68+/- 24/59.Conclusion: In this study we show the effect of ACE I/D gene polymorphism on the serum ACE level in Iranian people. Frequency of I,D alleles were 51/15% and 48/85% respectively. The mean of serum ACE level in each genotype was lower in female than male but due to small number of females documentation with greater number of cases is recommended. This is the first description of ACE gene polymorphism in Iranian population which can be used as a pilot for future steadies.

Introduction: Abnormal blood lipid profiles have been associated with cancer. The goals of this study were to investigate alterations of blood lipid profiles and their frequency and clinical significance in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia, the most common form of malignancy in this age group.Materials and method: The present study in a interview observation analysis of total 17 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia at diagnosis and also14  healthy control children. Fasting blood triglyceride, cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were obtained.Results: Analtered blood lipid profile was observed at the time of diagnosis of All, including elevated TG nlevels (252.8±179.8 mg/dl) in compare with 103.3j:90 mg/dl in control group. This difference is statistically significant (P<0.007). The cholesterol and HDL-C levels in ALL were 174±51 mg/dl and 40.8±9.1 mg/dl respectively. The cholesterol and HDL-C levels in control group were 168±37 mg/dl and 34.2±11.3 mg/dl respectively. The differences between two group were not significant. The LDL-C in patient with ALL was 84.8±32.3 mg/dl and in control group was 113.4±28.9mg/dl .The difference is statistically significant (P<0.03).Conclusion: A significant blood lipid alterations observed in children with ALL, but for demonstration of definitive significance of them as markers for All, more studies should be performed.

This is a report of a ram type of soft tissue tumor - which is mostly seen in young males. Microscopically it is characterized by hypercellularity, small tumoral cells with hyperchromatic nuclei and tendency to rosette formation. Immunohistochemical studies show neural features. These tumors have aggressive behavior and distant metastasis.In this case report we present a 19 years old with suprapubic mass which the clinical and microscopic features are compatible with peripheral neuroepithelioma.