JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PLANNING IN HIGHER EDUCATION
Year:2006 | Volume:11 | Issue:3-4 (37-38)|Papers Count:8

This inquiry is based on four – dimensional concept of society. That is to say society consist of four systems IE. Political, economicel, cultural and communal ones. In this study four basic hypotheses concerning with scientific development are depicted. The first hypothesis considers a reciprocal relationship between level of economic development and growth of empirical sciences. The second hypothesis claims that political development, particularly civil and political freedom, can promote scientific development. The third hypothesis considers cultural development as a facilitating context for scientific development. Finally, the fourth hypothesis believes that societal community development, mainly by providing new social capital can smooth the way for scientific development. These hypotheses in a Cross – nation study and a sample of national study, a sample of 150 countries were tested. Result of multivariate regression analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) confirmed all four hypotheses. A particular pattern between four key variables and scientific development (as a dependent variable) is also found. Based on the research finding, some basic suggestions for development of science are provided.

The purose of this article is to develop effective teaching indicators in universities and higher education institutions and degree of its accomplishment in Isfahan University. The paper determines effective teaching indicators in five domain, designing and developing the courses, teaching, classroom management, human relations and evaluating student's academic performance. Because of the broadness of the subject, in this paper only lesson presentation domain has been discussed. In this study both qualitative and quautitative method were used. In the qualitative part, the teaching performance of Isfahan University faculties was evaluated. A stratified sampling method was used to select faculties. In order to evaluate the performance of the selected faculties in the quantitative part, 1245 third and forth grade undergraduate students took part in the research. Finding of research indicated that exemplar faculties emphasized on: importance of beginning and ending of the lesson; question oriented teaching and student participation; and considerations of teaching in university. The mean that was measured in the quantitative section was 3.60 and it was more than the mean of effectiveness criterion (3.5). In this research the observed differences among the performance of the faculty members in regard to their faculties and degree were not significant, except in regard to record service, that the faculty members with 1-10 year service had better performance than those with 11-20 years.

Since human resources are the most valuable ones that developing countries can use in terms of development process, it is necessary for these countries to plan for human resource trainings. In each country, universities are the best centers to train human resources, which is needed by the society. Educational organizations with the the cooperation of universities can provide the needed human resources. The objective of this article is to recognize the Kordestan primary school teachers, motivations to participate in higher education programs and  their preferences. In this research the survey method and a questionnaire was used to gather research date. The population was the elementary school teachers who were participatcd in higher education programs. By using simple random sampling method 260 teachers were selected and the data were gathered. Multiple regression, t test  and Anova methods were used to analyse the data. The results showed that the need for social status (b = 1.195), the need to increase the ability of knowledge application and job skills (b=.546), the tendency to teach in higher grades (b=-.346) and tendency to obtain more important jobs (b= -.502) were significant  perferences to participate in higher education programs. At last, by using archive and field studies, and through regression analysis, correlation matrix, and path analysis, an experimental and theoretical model for teachers, participartion in higer education programs was developed.  

Granting university admission privileges is considered as a value for educational equity and a matter which has been legally followed in Iran. Now a relevant question has been raised: What effects does this situation have on the efficacy of the higher education in Iran. To address this question, 1610 students at the Tehran, Zahedan, Allameh Tabatabaee, and Shahed Universities participated in a survey. Results indicated that the average for selected courses across the two samples was identical, but the students using an non-quota  admission were higher on the educational performance measures. It was also revealed that the students with quota admission failed to pass their courses, and many were dismissed from their universites. Therefore, it can be concluded that practically the students using a quota admission decreases internal efficacy of the country's educational system and imposes more expenses on the system,s financial assets.

The National Entrance Exam in Iran , with 1.5 million participants, is a noticeable social phenomenon in recent years. An important aspect to interpreting and understanding this issue is psychological approach. This research investigated applicants motives as a psychological basis of public tendency toward higher education. Subjects were 1498 females and 804 males applicants sampled from Tehranian participants in National Entrance Exam(in 2004 year) who received their score results. the main statistical method for data analysis was Factor Analysis and Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney tests. In this study, a questionaire with 30 items on the basis of six motives (obtained from interviews) was prepared. After pilot and data analysis variables the questionaire was reduced to 15 consisting five factors. The findings of this survey indicate that the principal motives for access to university were social prestige, social milieu of colleges, career prospects, academic interest and temporary solutions. In addition a comparison between female and male subjects revealed that, the three first motives were more important for girls and academic interest  was more important for boys.

The fasting and wide range changes in science and technology, ITC revolution, globalization, incremental competition between the companies for capturing markets and resources caused decreasing the importance of natural resource endowments in the process of national development, while the role of knowledge, innovation, invention, R&Ds and technologies have been increased rapidly. Hence, under such conditions national development actually is based on appropriate combination of macro economic variable, micro economic, business environment, goals and strategies of the enterprises, as if universities and R&Ds can increase the productivity by generating, diffusing and deploying of science and technology in the above-mentioned sectors. In this paper, the authors try to explain the role and effect of the above factors in the process of improving national development. At the end also the interaction of these factors with emphasis on the critical role of R&Ds and business environment will be reviewed.

Employment is one of the most important issues in many countries, especially in developing ones. There are a lot of highly educated young people who are seeking job in these countries. This issue is very critical in Iran because high unemployment significantly increased in Iran since past decade. The purpose of this study is to evaluate different policies and recomend some solutions for unemployment in Iran. In order to dose first, we have surveyed the experiences between in countries and Iran. The results indicated that countries which were able to reduce unemployment rate  have used the  polices such as consultation services and tax reductions. Iranian  government should develop following polices  in order to increase  the rate of employment:  more flexibility on minimum wage in Iranian provinces, develop centers for guidance of people who were seeking job, develop a  database center in the provinces and the country and discount the taxes for firms which employee people who seeking work.