Internal Medicine Today
Year:2003 | Volume:8 | Issue:2|Papers Count:23

Introduction and objectives: Enterobiusis vermicularis is one of the nematode worms that is an obligate parasites of the human being living at the end of colon. The female worm after copulation ovulated around the anus that heavy shaking of the worm while ovulating produce irritation and itching or it enters the appendix, vagina and ... . From clinical symptoms of infection we can point out to sore, hemorrhage , sleeplessness, fatigue ,anxiety , appetiteless, angriness. low weight. gastralgia,diarrhea, vaginitis, appendisitis and... . Objective: The survey of Enterobiusis in nursury homes and KGs of Gonabad city with considering their demographic data in 1381 . Methodology: In this survey researchers refered to the said centers and remembered the needpoints to the children parents about sampling, and delivered the sampling equipments that was needed and wanted their parents to do the sampling from their child when awake and before defecation. A questionaire was delivered to their parents to complete it too. We used random sampling and our samples were between 0 - 6years of age. Findings: . In this research 328 samples were surveyed ,Enterobiusis prevalence rate was 15.8% .Disease distribution in different groups of ages and in both groups of girls and boys did not show any meaningful dtfference (p=45%) . But this distribution in three groups offamily sizes of 1-3 , 4-6 and more than 7 persons with p=95% and p=99% showed a meaningful difference. Conclusion: Considering demographic data, only the family size and Enterobiusis vermicularisprevalence showed a meaningful relationship and this showed that in morepopulated families, the infection is more too and thenfamily size has an important role inpreventing and controling.

Background and objectives: Morbidity and Mortality rate of neonates is an index of development in a society. LBW numbers is a main parameter of neonatal mortality. since the neonatal mortality and specially LBW and premature neonates is the most importantproblem of thisperiod, recognizing the causes and some necessary interventions we can prevent and decrease its economical, social and health negative outcomes. This study certify the Morbidity and mortality prevalence of Premature and LBW neonates in Gonabad city in 1379 and 1380.Material and Methods: This is an analytical and descriptive study being done by the use of current datafrom neonates birth files and their mothers too in the years said above.Generally 3483 neonates were born in this year that 209 of them were LBWand premature. The data were collected by some checklistsproviding differently for neonates and their mothers. The checklistfor neonates conclude anthropometry, pregnancy age, LBW and Prematurity causes, different kinds of complications in neonates, congenital anomalies, death and discharge and their mothers checlists conclude demographic information, high riskpregnancy factors and their history.Findings: The results showed that the premature and LBW neonates birth during these years was 6% in Gonabad city. The median of neonates mortality rate in 1379 and 1380 was 5/7% and the most common complication due to LBW andprematurity were CNS and respiratory complications. There was a meaningful relationship between the neonates mortality and thefirst minute apgar Score.The most common delivery was Cesarean Section (53/2%) and there was a meaningful relationship between the kind of delivery and CNS complicattions in neonates. The most common disease in the mothers was hypertension and diabetes mellitus.CONCLUSION: Considering neonatal period and its mortality and health, economical, social and the role of this period on the infants health, it is necessary to improve pregnancy and delivery cares both in quantitive and qualitive forms, and develop neonates wards where N/CU are not accessable and available.

Surgery stress is somehow an epidemic problem that patients are faced with it and often causes some problems for the patients and therapists. One of the stress index complications of surgery is potassium shifting from out of the cell to inside of it. In this semi - exprimental research I tried to survey the effect of surgery on blood potassium and to check its possible mechanism. Stress shifts potassium into the cell and decrease its level by motivting .Beta adrenergic receptors especially β 2 In this survey 50 patients ready for eye operation with the age of 20-80 were selected and from all of them blood samples for measuring the blood potassium was done. The first sample 3 days before the surgery and the night before the operation half of them were taken oral Inderal of single dosage. And enact before induction a blood sample was ready from the results for potassium level. As the results showed, in control group 42% of the patients had hypokalaemia that the average of these changes were 0137 mEq/lit , and inpremed group 48% of thepatients showed hypokalaemia and the everage changes of potassium was 0105 mEq/lit. Hypokalaemia was less in premed group than control group possibly caused by Beta inderal blocking effect.(β 1,β 2) Hypokalaemia prevlence with (k1=<3/5) in the samples k1 was 2 out of 50 (4%) while it was in potassium sample of k2 4 out of 5O.No hypokalaemia was seen in potassium sample of k2 of premed group.

In recent years hypnojism phenomenon is a new and modern discussion spoken throughout the universites and colleges and even mostly in the public, so that every body says his or her own idea even though some of the ideas are based on unreality and traditions and these ones all together has made some unknown questions for researchers and those who are curious that it can be the treatment of all diseases and cure them. And they have made some money that it has changed the reality of this scientific phenomenon. Now we are going to define hypnotism as it really is and no more and how it works on medicine with it,s limitations as the other by those who are familiar with the brain functions and mental mechanisms completely.

INTERODUCTIONAND OBGECTIVES:To reach to the socialjustice and equality in health systems ,one of the most important ways and tools is easy and continious obtaining of whole the society and using those services that can give an answer to people needs and problems practically and scientifically, Then the people and society knowledge from receiving medical services is important and necessary. This research is to certify the quality of receiving medical services and its effective factors in Gonabad city . METHODOLOGY:lnthis cross sectional research about 2000 people of Gonabad were selected as samples and data was collected by a questionaire directly to homes. FINDINGS:The results showed that 57/8% were urbon and 42/4% rural. 50/4% were males and 49/4% were females .22/2% were patient during the last three months and 16/5 %received medical services 5/67% of them did not refer to medical centersfor some purposes as poorness being busy and soon so on And 3/0% did not stay in the hospital as it was necessary. CONCLUSION: Easy and propper recieving of medical services by the society is one of islamic country goals and all the societies. But there are some reasonsfor that toprevent this goalsas less knowladge of people, poorness difficulty in insurance systems, not enough physicians available. Then it is proposed to modify insurance systems, improve people knowledge and outcomes according to population indexes.

Background and Aim: Breast masses are one of the common complaints among women in the world. Among these, breast cancer due to its high prevalence is very important. Three main modalities for the early diagnosis of breast cancer are physical examination, mammography and Fine Needle Aspiration (FNA). The goal of the present study was to evaluate the accuracy of FNA in breast lesions diagnosis. Materials and Methods: In this analytic study, 92 patients with breast mass referred to the surgery clinic at Zahedan Khatam hospital, were randomly selected. At first FNA and the open biopsy methods were carried out. Data were collected based on interview, physical examination, FNA and open biopsy results. Results: According to FNA results, three cysts (3.3%) were diagnosed that were excluded from the study because open biopsy was not carried out on them. Among the remained 89 patients, 7 (7.9%) were inadequate material, 57 (64%) were benign and 25 (28.1%) were malignant. Comparing with the results of open biopsy, FNA had 8 false negative, however there werent any false positive results. Therefore, sensitivity of FNA was 75.8%, its specificity was 100%, its PPV was 100%, and its NPV was 86%, which were very close to other reports. Accuracy of FNA was 88% which was lower than open biopsy (100%). Conclusion: On the basis of this study, it is concluded that FNA is a very simple, cost effective, and reliable method in differentiating malignant lesions of breast from benign ones. When FNA is positive, it is a particularly suitable substitution for open biopsy. However, when it is negative but the physical signs are indicative of malignancy, it would be better to repeat FNA or to do open biopsy to confirm the diagnosis.

During an evaluation on 98patients with supracondylar fracture ofhuinerus who had (OR.IF) from 1378 - 1381 , there were 22 surgical operation with delay(from8-18days) and 76 cases without delay (from 1-6 days) . I)The results are asfollow: patients with (OR.IF) without delay: Movement disorder in elbowjoint (Gruber 8 Healy score): - Excellent: 37 cases (48.7%) - Good: 24 cases (31.6%) - Fair: 10 cases (13.15%) - Poor: 5 cases (6.6%) Deformities: 4 cases (5.2%) Infection (superficial and no need to treat) 6 cases (7.9%) Neurovascular disorder: not seen Il)Myositis ossifican : not seen Patients with (OR.IF)with delay: Movement disorder in elbowjoint (gruber &healy score) -Excellent: 1 0 cases (45.5%) - Good: 7 cases (31.8%) - Fair: 3 cases (13.6%) - Poor: 2 cases (9.1%) Deformities: 1 cases (4.5%) Infection (superficial and no need to treat) 3 cases (13.6%) Neurovascolur disorder: not seen Myositis ossifican : not seen By taking into considertion of results specially thisfact that in patients with (OR.IF) with delay myositis ossifican has not been seen, it is believed that supracondylar fracture of humerus in children can be treated surgically after one week (with delay).

In this research that was done to survey the mental health of Gonabad medical sciences college students, all the students in theyear 2001-2002 totally 140 students (71 males and 69females) were evaluated by the use of GHQ-28. test were used for analyzing. The results showed that the most positive answers were given to questionaire. T test and more to the questions related to "more time spending to do work", "disability in self-recreation, " "insomniafor having anxiety", "misfteling of health", nonenjoying of the daily activities" and "being nervous and anxious. The average of the four tests scores on demographic factors of, sex, marital status, age, education degree showed the average score of social dysfunction (6.6), anxiety (4.4) was more than those of somatization (3.7) and depression (2.5 )and there was not any meaningful relationship between them except the anxiety scale and education degree of the students and the results did not show any relationship between mental health of the students and demographicfactors. The findings showed that 27.1% of them were suspected to mental health that there was no any relationship between doubtful cases and demographic factors.

Civilization,culture and improving them has a closerelationshipand interactionwith booksand libraries, all Know how important they are. Libraries and information science centers of today are much significant for improving and maintaining health in the societies. Then users of these centers have some source needs and must or should reach them and we as librarians and information Scientists should make them well satisfied and happy with their needs, to provide and reach to the said goals and objectives. we asked them through a questionnaire containing some related questions on their satisfaction rate and needs from Gonabad medical libraries and information centers. Some other questions as demographic questions were included The collected data were analyzed by propper softwares like PE2 and SPSs. The results showed that 68% of the samples were students, about 70%were generally satisfiedfrom the libraries services and librarians. They had some needs and wishes to beprovided too. Finally we proposed the men of responsible to help usfor solving theproblems and to help the users easily.

Introduction: Diarrhea is one of the most common diseases of the Children underfive years, that kills about 3.2 millions of them in the developing countries. this Disease is on of the most causes of the said children in lran , too. Todecreasethe disease rate the dehydration prevention, healthand nutritional advices seem necessary. for these reasons the educational needs of the mother on prevention, care and treatment of diarrhea disease of the children underfive years was done in Gonabad city. Materials and methods: 347 of mothers of the children referring to health centers were selected randomly .The date were collected by a questionairee and interview. Findings: 54.9% of the children had diarrhea 48.7% of the mothers were infromed from dehydration symptoms and 51.3% had no information. 35/7% had information from ORS prescrbtion but 64/3% had no information and diden,t used it well at homes .89/3% accepted only physicion drugs prescription and breast feeding as the best nutrition in diarrhea . 2/6% didnot proposed any kind of drugs. 66.6% used solid and blind diet for their children over six months of year. there results showed that 61/7% of the mothers wer informed by health centers and there was a meaningful relationship between their mother education andjob. Conclusion: Since 51/3% werenot informed from dehydration symptoms and 64/3% didnot know how to use ORS at homes, then a better and more teaching of the family members and especially less educated mothers is necessary in knowing acute diarrhea symptoms and child dehydration. how to use ORS . prescribed drugs and foods during diarrhea and preventing ways and referring system at times necessary by health centers.

Method: 24 patients with atopic dermatitis, aged between 2m to 5y who had the diagnostic criteria for atopic dermatitis, were studied before receiving any treatment. Total serum IgE was measured with RIA method. Results and conclusions: 87% of the patients had elevated total serum IgE during oneyear of studying. Maximum normal IgE value is 50 u/mil. 24% of patients had IgE value between 50-150 u/milt. IgE was more than 450 u/mil in 9 cases with generalized features. The age of 47% of patients, at the begining of the disease was 1 month. In other studies, male andfemales involvement was the same but in our research, the disease was morefrequent in boys (82.2% of boys, 41.7% in girls) Generalized manifestations were seen in 36% of cases, however face involvement was reported in 25%. 40% of children, complained of pruritus, exudate and desquamation. 12.5% were nourrished byformulas 25% BMF, 37.5% by cow milk and 25% byfamily diet. 62.5% showed wheezing. Genetic and familial study was positive in 70% of cases in other researches but in ours, 79% werepositive. 70% showed positive dermographism. Eosinophilia more than 250/mm3 was reported in 12.5% which correlates with reference books. (5-25%)

The study of the effect ofhigh voltage electricpulses on biomembranes has become one of the most exciting topics in the biophysical and biotechnological areas. Electric pulses with high electric field intensity can cause transmembrane electrical potential which is normally about 60 to 110 mv, is raised to about 1v ,and irreversible cell membrane breakdown occurs, thrs forms the basisfor microbial inactivation in novel operations such as nonthermal process for liquidfoods pasteurization. To determine microbial inactivation bypulsed electricfield treatment Saccharomyces cerevisiae at a concentration of 106 mr1 was inoculated in apple juice. The selected field intensities were 13,22,35 and 50 kv/cm. The number of pulses were selectedfrom 2 to 10 with pulse duration of2.5 ms. The rate of inactivation increases with an increase in the electricfield intensity, pulse duration or applied number of pulses. Survival fraction of microorganisms after applying electricalpulses in different cells orfoods isn"t identical. The C in this method is smaller jinal applejuice temperature of 30 oC than the traditional heat pasteurization temperature of 80 oC. Pulsed electric field is a cost-effective technology for liquid foods pasteurization ,utilizing less than 10% of the energy necessary for traditional heat pasteurization.

Despite of The importance of screening programs in the early detection of breast tumors, but most Women don"t perform or don"t correctly perform BSE technique due to lack of Knowlede about it. Thepurpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of a training intervention on BSE Knowledge and practice of the female students of martyr Hasheminejad teachers training college in 2000. Design: In the clinical trial, 84 well under graduate female students were selected by stratified random sampling. Before training, the baseline knowledge and practice of all of the students were evaluated (pretest) and then BSE training sessions (consist of theorical and practical devisions) were Scheduled twice in a week. The knowledge was measured three days after training (post test) and one month later (consistency test) and also practice one month later again. Knowledge and practice were measured through a questionnaire. According to the aquired score, the knowledge and practice of the students were classified to three levels: well (66.61-100), moderate(33.31- 66.6)and weak (0- 33.30). Results:Data analysis indicated that the mean of knowledge score increased after instruction (knowledge score in pretest, posttest and consistency test was 38.76,73.71,69.52). Also there was a significant difference between knowledge score in pretest vs. Post test (p<0.001) , pretest vs. consistency test (p<0.001) and post test vs. consistency test (p<0.001). Before training 27.4% of subjects performed BSE, that increased following training to %72.6. Also there was a significant difference between practice score in before and after training (p<0.001). Generally before training 21.4% of samples had good practice which increased following training to 67.9%. Conclusion: This training intervention improved BSE knowledge and practice and it is suggested for regular education of Women.

BACKGROUND:Unwanted pregnancy is one of the most health problems, that always has various impacts on economical, social and health subjects, in a society.The purpose of this study is to determine the effects of unwanted pregnancy on the quality of prenatal care. METHOD:This analitical study was conducted on 350 pregnant women in health centers of TorbateJam , that were selected multiphase randomly.Two questionnaires have been usedfor data collection about demographic and contraception data. This questionnaires have been completed during pregnancy and after birth. RESULT:The result showed that women with unwanted pregnancy start prenatal care after planned pregnancy. Also these women have had more complecations during pregnancy and pregnancy in this group have been with more high risk. Also unwanted pregnancy have had more unhealthy delivery. CONCLUSION:Becauseof strong relation between unwanted pregnancy and defect of prenatal care, we suggest to design aplan for controlling of unwanted pregnancy.

Introdction and objectives: Human organism growth and development are continious phenomena which are thefinal results of prenatal natal and postnatal interaction. Because growth and development can be influenced by pathological Factors thus developmental criteria studies, specially at thefirst year of life, are more important. At the age of 1 year assessment of child developmental indexes are more accissible but it is less regarded in our country. So this research has been done to determine the situation of Gonabad rural and urban infants and comparing the results with standard criteria. Materials &Methods:This epidemilogicalstudy is a descriptive- analytic research.All the samples, 110children, were one year old at the same month. A questionnaire including child developmental indexes (gross movements. Fine movements, speaking and communication) and factors that influence these criteria was used for data collection. Results: The mainpart Gonabad rural and urban infants had the developmental indexes of oneyear children. There was no significant difference between rural and urban childs ( P>0.05 ) but between economical status and child developmental indexes there was ( P<0.05) . But there was significiant difference between term and premature (preterm) infants. Those infants who were born term had more developmental indexes at the age of 1 year age ( P<0.05 ) . Also there was significant difference between children who their mothers work outside and those who were housewires (P<0.05) . Research results showed that there was a delay in physical growth ( Height, weight and head circumfrence) of many rural and urban children. Conclusions: Research results showed that Gonabad oneyear children had a relative good status and also these childs and their mothers had sufficient. Health care. sometimes, However, shortage of knowledge of urban and rural mothers about developmental indexes and also limited knowledge of Health house staffs caused delay in delivering childs to the specialists.

Field and Goal: unwanted pregnancies result in women exposure to receiving more psychic tense factors and less family supports, so that these women experience high levels of anxiety and depression. Depressed Mothers suffer a great deal of physcal and physical disorders during their pregnancy. In order to raise health Level in women, recognizing thefactors resulting in disordering womenpsychic health and hygiene specially duringpregnancy is very important. Research Approach: This research is a descriptive and analytical study and the research society was composed of the whole pregnant mothers referring to Gonabad health care centers among which 78 subjects were chosen by simple sampling and were being studied in two groups of wanted and unwanted pregnancies. Data gathering tool was a questionnaire relating to individual information and the depression test was (Beck). Findings: Research results showed that the average of depression in unwanted pregnancies is more than wanted pregnancies and Two groups had a meaningful statistical difference in this regard (p=0.001). The average of depression in woman who never thought of pregnancy was also more than women who didnt intend to becomepregnant at present (p=0.0001). Conclusions: The results of this research showed that the depression level is higher in unwanted pregnancies. Therefore it is suggested that in order to raise thepsychic health level inpregnant women, some artifices might be employed to control the unwanted pregnancies

Divorce is a very bad phenomenon of the society and life. No soceity can be safe and healthy without stable families. Divorceincrea sing can make big problems for the society. Then it should be prevented and controlled through research and studies. Methodology: This is a descriptive and analytical study being done in Gonabad city . The samples were all the divorces improved in 1377-1380 about 444 causes surveyed and analized through a checklist and files. Findings: The results showed that the most of samples 45/7 %of women wanted divorce however 15/3% Men and women prefered it both. 63/1% of the samples werefrom urbon areas, most of divorce (31%)were done in 1380 and the least in 1377. The results showed that 73% of divorcefactors were inrelation with religion ethics causes and the least 2/5% was related to economical causes. The results showed a meaningful relation between divorce factors with men and women age. men jobs ,the number of children, education level of men and women (p<%5) but there was not any relationship between divorcefactors and their location familiarity and wedding year.
conclusion:According to the informationprovided divorce is increasing yearly and the most causes andfactors as religion and ethics causes were presented. Thefindings can be a very good help for our managers to plan and manage this phenomenon in the society and do effective actions.