Advances in Cognitive Sciences
Year:2008 | Volume:10 | Issue:3 (39)|Papers Count:10

Objective: There is growing evidence for neuropsychological dysfunction in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). This study was aimed to determine the autobiographical memory problems in obsessive compulsive disorder in comparison to generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and healthy people. Method: Three groups of OCD, GAD and healthy people, each group comprising 22 people selected and matched in age, sex, level of education, and marital status were assessed for diagnostic interview by a psychiatrist according to DSM–IV–TR, Yale-brown obsessive compulsive scale, Beck depression Inventory (II), Beck anxiety Inventory, Autobiographical memory interview. Results: The finding indicated that OCD people did worse than the GAD and healthy people. Conclusion: The results of our study suggest that some cognitive deficits related to neuropsychological dysfunction seem to be common in OCD rather than GAD and healthy subjects.

Objective: The aim of this research is studying the role of achievement goals in student's self-regulating learning. Method: subjects are 685 students of third grade in height school in Tehran city. Sampling method was multistage cluster sampling. Motivated strategies for learning questionnaire (MSLQ)'s, pintrich and De Groot (1990) and students achievement goal orientations's Midgly and his colleague (1997) was administrated with group method. Questionnaires validity and reliability was satisfied. Subjects placed in 5 groups by their goal orientations (mastery, approach-performance and avoiding-performance, multiple goals and no goal). Results: Results of comparing means by (MANOVA) show that means of self-regulating learning components were significance in 5 groups (p< 0/01). Post hoc tests (tuky and shefe) show that means of cognitive and references management strategies is lest in avoiding-performance and no goal groups (p< 0/01). Mutual means of mastery, approach performance and avoiding-performance, multiple goals groups do not have significance difference. Mean of avoiding-performance group is better rather than no goal group. Means of cognitive strategies in some groups is difference with others (p< 0/01). Conclusion: providing multiple goal and mastery constructs and environments have important role in developing self-regulating learning skills and components. Therefore it should practice to this goal.

Objective: The current investigation was aimed toward evaluating the psychometric properties and confirming the stability in factor structure of the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations (CISS, Endler & Parker, 1990, 1999) in a sample of Iranian undergraduate students. Method: The Farsi version of CISS and the Big Five Inventory (BFI, John, Donahue & Kentle, 1991) were administered to a sample of 419 students (166 male 235 female). The confirmatory factor analysis, convergent validity and internal consistency were used to compute the CISS's factor structure, validity and reliability, respectively. Results: similar to previous finding, high reliability for the subscales of the CISS was indicated via both internal consistency estimates and test-retest correlations. The results of confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) revealed that while the three factor model in the CISS had an acceptable fit to the data, the fore factor model demonstrated a superior fit in one.Correlations between the CISS subscales and neuroticism and extraversion extended empirical support for the convergent validity of the subscales. Conclusion: These findings speak to the robustness of the CISS, in revealing its relatively stable structure, and consequently, to its potential usefulness as a valid measure of coping styles.

Introduction and objective: Over the past decade, a growing body of evidence has shown that attachment orientations deeply influence the way people think and feel about their romantic relationships. According to two factor model of romantic attachment proposed by Bartholomew and Horowitz, internal models of self and others are independent dimensions that in combination, form four styles of adult romantic attachments, secure, dismissing, preoccupied and fearful. The objective of the current study which is a part of International Sexuality Description Project (ISDP) in Iran and Bradly University collaboration, is to identify the cultural dimensions of attachment.Method: 200 male and female students from different faculties of Iran University of Medical Sciences were recruited with convenient method of sampling and completed Relationship and Personality traits questionnaires. The questionnaires included questions regarding attachment styles, and dark triad personality traits. Results: The findings showed the prominence of secure attachment style compared to other three styles in our research population. No significant differences were found in attachment styles of male and female students. The correlation between Self and Other models was not significant and the correlations between attachment styles and Self and Other models were consistent with the findings from the majority of cultures, studied. A significant relationship between dismissing attachment style and Dark Triad of personality was not found .Female students were significantly more narcissistic than male students and males were significantly more psychopath than females. Discussion and Conclusion: The secure attachment style as the highest rated form of romantic attachment and the relationship of attachment styles with internal models of Self and Other in our student population are similar with the findings of the majority of western and eastern cultures. However, we must be cautious when interpreting our findings which are based soley on self report measures and psychological tests and avoid generalizing them to nonstudent’s population.

Purpose: Management is one of the most important aspects of human capital in organizations; so investigation of effective abilities in this job is very important. In the current research, we try to predict criterion variable (information process dimensions of managers’ role breadth) by using General Aptitude Test Battery (GATB). Method: We used Professional Managerial Position Questionnaire (PMPQ) to evaluate role breadth. Also, General Aptitude Test Battery (GATB) has been applied to evaluate cognitive abilities. This research is a kind of relationship research. 86 managers in 3 industrial companies are studied. This sample consists of 59 managers from a public company in kerman, 16 ones from a semi-private Co. in Tehran and 11 ones from a semi- private Co. in isfahan. These persons were male and had been selected randomly from a population of managers that had formal job description and at least one year tenure. Findings: There is a meaningful relation between dimensions of job’s information process and managers’ cognitive abilities (P≤ 0.001). Also abilities consist of numerical reasoning, computation and form matching, predict information process ability of managers (P£ 0.01). Conclusions: One of the most important advantages of these tests is using them for job decision makings. These decisions consist of some aspects such as employee selection, succession planning, classification and job evaluation.

Objective: The aim of the current research was to investigate emotion work and its cognitive emotional aspects with clients and coworkers. Emotional work requirement include emotional euthenics, emotional dissonance and emotional deviance. The study focus on target person (coworker or client) and cognitive emotional aspect of work. Method: Participants were 142 persons work in service and no service jobs. Frequency of interactions were 1526. This research was relational study. Event sampling method was used for collecting data via with Rochester Incidents record. To measure negative affect subscale of NA and for subjective well being the moor psychosomatic inventory was used. Results: findings indicate that emotional dissonance were more probable with clients and emotional deviance with coworkers and relation between emotional work and psychological well being was negative. Conclusion: Emotional dissonance (emerge in client interactions) and emotional deviance (emerge in coworker interactions) reduce subjective well being of workers.

Objective: This research examined the relationship family handedness and mental rotation ability. Method: one hundred and thirty six subjects (68 male and 68 female) of preschool students by randomly selected from six schools. These students were measured by chapman handedness test (1987), online chay test (2000) and a family handedness inventory.Results: Data analysis through univariate analysis of variance revealed that effect of family handedness on mental rotation ability was significant (α= 0/005, F=3/696, P=0/0015). Effects of family handedness by gender on mental rotation ability was significant (p=0/006, F=3/006). Results of this research don't emphasize Annet handedness theory, but effect of environmental factors and systematic model was emphasized.

Objective: The main aim of the present study is to investigate the executive functions in methadone maintenance patients comparing with two control groups including the abstinent opiate abusers and healthy control subjects. Methods: 25 former opiate addicts receiving methadone maintenance treatments, 25 former opiate addicts withdrawn from all opiates, and 25 healthy controls without a history of drug dependence participated in this study. All groups were matched by age, level of education, and sex. The instruments include Wisconsin Cart Sorting Test, Beck depression Inventory, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. Results: The results have showed that there are significant differences on anxiety and depression across three groups, which means that the experimental group obtained high scores than the control groups. The methadone maintenance patients also performed worse than abstinent opiate abusers and healthy controls on WCST. Conclusion: The findings of this study are in line with those of the previous researches which found some neuropsychological impairment in long- term MMP recipients (mintzer and stitzer, 2002 and Lyvers, Yakimoff, 2003 ).