JOURNAL OF ILAM UNIVERSITY OF MEDICAL SCIENCES
Year:2004 | Volume:11 | Issue:40-41|Papers Count:12

There are two usually used Techniques for intramascular injections by the professionals. First, the injectable solution drawn up using a needle which is then replaced by a new one before administration. Second, a unique needle is used both for drawing and injecting IM drugs. Using a two-needle technique suggest, that method reduces pain, swelling and redness of injection site after immunizing with Hepatitis B vaccine (HBv). This was a randomized controlled trial conducted on 39 students of nursing college without any previous history of immunization with HBv .The subjects were divided in two groups randomly and scheduled to be vaccinated with first and second doses of HBv. The data was collected using a questionnaire. Pain, swelling and redness as local reactions were followed up for four days. Statistical methods for analyzing data were Willcoxon signed Rank Test Macnemar Test.The findings showed that redness and swelling due to use of the two-needle technique were less than that of one -needle technique (p= 0/04 , P = 0/03 ).the tenderness and pain rate was also less in the two - needle technique throughout the follow - up, however , the difference was not significant. It was also demonstrated that the two - needle technique reduced local reaction to the routine immunization of adults significantly. So, immunization centers are suppased to review their current policy of replacing needles before administrating centers are suppased to review their current policy of replacing needles before administrating the vaccines.

Today, effective nursing supervision is paramount in the modern health care setting because effectiveness of leadership in this position results in benefits for whole the health care organization In addition, the performance of nursing units is highly dependent on the effectiveness of nursing management. Importance of effective nursing leadership and supervision in ensuring the safety and quality of patient care is well recognized by hospital managers, physicians and nursing staff. Therefore, nursing service managers must be effective leaders to meet toady challenges. So, the purpose of this study was to, determine effectiveness of training leadership skills on knowledge and professional practice of nursing service managers.This study was a semi-experimental research performed on whole the nursing service managers of Boushehr. The data was collected by checklists of knowledge and professional practice. Leadership skills training included face - to - face education and workshops after the first evaluation .A second assessment of knowledge and professional practice was done 6 months later. Statistical analysis was perform by SPSS. The results showed that the mean s (SD) of knowledge and professional practice before leadership the skills training were 64.14 (12.3) & 58. 86 (10.19) respectively. After intervention, the scores were 94.28 (7.06) & 84.28 (8.14) respectively. Paired t.est showed significant differences between the studied groups (p<0.01 ).The finds show that Leadership skills training result in increased knowledge and professional practice of nursing service managers. Therefore, supplementary leadership skills training is necessary for nursing service managers as this may improve their management qualifications in different situations.

Due to a fall in the individual actions, the disorder (schizophernia) imposes considerable socio-economic Losses on the community. So, this descriptive case - control research was performed to take up the factors effective in schizophernic cases. A case group of 50 admitted patients were picked up at shohada psychological ward and Ilam mental chronic center statistically. The control group included 100 People selected randomly among the staff as well as the patients admitted at men or women wards of Imam hospital. The questionnaire used in the search covered variables of age, sex, mental childhood records, tension , head truma when born , drug addiction, history of the disease in the family or relatives, birth place and season whose data were analysed by chi - square, T . Test and fisher.The finds proved a significant relation between schizophemic strikes and the patients sexes ,(P=0.001).In the case - group, the possibility of the disease among men was 3.7 times more. A significant was seen between the disease and age, (P=0/05) . The results also showed a significant relation between suicide and schizophemia , (P = 0/001) . Suicide attempts among such patients were -3 .6 times more probable. The relation between tension and the disorder was not significant, while It was significant between the disorder and history of mental diseases, (P = %1).Considering the finds achieved, committing suicide is a mortality cause among such patients. Necessary points are to be taught on how to deal with these cases. It also sounds essential to set up half - way centers along with relative faulities.

Undoubtedly, those in charge of education and health as well as life - improvement one, for sure, aware of the terrible effect stresses may have on individuals, families, professional practices and second people. Thus this descriptive study was performed to consider the factors causing stresses among the school principals of different educational grades of Ilam in 2002.The statistical population covered all the independent urban, rural, governmental and non - governmental 886 principals of 3 educational levels. First, 7 areas were picked up, in a cluster sampling approach, out of all the 14 ones of the province. Then 269 principals were selected using a randomized classic method supervision policy questionnaires on the managers performances, assessing psychological pressure, Lotanz 1982 S.C. factors and "sas man, sam Deep" organizational data.The finds indicated that 75% of the researched thought of the stress causes to a great and much great event as factors such as excessive precision at workplace as well as the precise expectations of the related authorities. A significant relation was noticed between the stress degrees and variables such as Job, familial, socio- cultural, organizational and age factors (P<0/05) .There was no significant inter- effect between the stress degrees and variables such as sex, employment precedence, educations, work - time, educational course and the employees workplace.As a conclusion, the researcher has to mention that stresses among the researcher can not be due to one single factor, but to all the familial, professional, social and cultural factors.

Despite numerous technological in the delivery of IV therapy over the past 3 decades, infection remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality among its recipients and its prevention is an important medical goal in controlling hospital infections therefore, this study was accomplished to determine the side-effects of applying strile gauze dressings among patients with iv, catheter admitted the hospital CCC unit. This clinical experimental study was performed admitted at CCU and post CCU of malayer hospital. 32 patients were selected for the experimental group (use of dressing with sterile gaze) and 32 patients shelled in the control group (routine) randomly.Check- lists and laboratory reports were used to collect the data.Obtained analysis of social and individual implied that most the cases (65.6%) of the two groups had myocardial ischemic, Catheter situation in the experimental group 53.7% was in the left hand and the control group 63.1% was in the right hand considering the Kind of drug used 44.1% of the two groups used both heparin and vasodilators .The Result indicated that the local infection rate was 21.9% in the control group and 6.3% in the experimental group. A careful statistical Fisher Test (P>0.05) proved no significant difference between the two groups. It is not meant that sterile gauze dressing is of no effect on local infection preventing, because local infection criterion was the presence of 15 colonic or more on every platelet, but much less cases were, observed in two groups in the cultivation environment that were meaningful statistically. As a conclusion, it is believed that and that applying sterile gauze dressing can help prevent colonization and consequently local venous catheter infection.

As industrial development goes on, work - related accidents and occupational illnesses, which result in injuries, disabilities, absenteeism, find new dimensions. Occupational and illnesses cause injuries, economic losses and production delays. All those engaged shall try, by essential training and evaluations to transfer adequate information to workers and employees in different sectors of industry, agriculture and public services in order to reduce the number of occupational accidents and illnesses. This will result in the workers health promotion, qualitative increase in products and acceleration of development process. The present research was a descriptive- analytical study in which the required data was collected by a questionnaire. Totally 180 workers from the production line of two important manufacturers of SABZEVAR were questioned for knowledge accessibility and application of protective equipment (PPE).The results of the study showed the total number of workers who knew what PPEs were was not in an acceptable level, i. e. 10% of workers did not know even what the PPEs were a quit significant number of workers did not have access to PPE (57% on average) and approximately half of those having access to PPE did not use them. It was concluded that special attention should be given to the accident and injury prevention and appropriate and high quality PPEs should be given to workers .A serious attention must be paid to teach the workers on how to use such facilities.

Probiotics or beneficial "friendly" microorganisms are live microorganisms belonging to the natural flora with low or no pathogenicity, but with vital function for the health and well - being of the host. Probiotic agents are effective tools against the potentially pathogenic microorganisms. These mainly include species belonging to the genera lactobacillus, bifidobacterium, lactocococci, enterococcus, clostridium and saccharomyces. Multiple mechanisms of action have postulated, including producing of antimicrobial compounds such as bacteriocins, competition for nutrients and space alteration of receptors on the surface of host target cells, PH lowering and immunomdulation. Other beneficial actions including production of digestive enzymes, the production of vitamins enhancement of healthy bowel function ,prevention of the formation of cancerous substances, enhancement of lactose of tolerance ,cholesterol lowering and improvement of the nutritional value of food products by increasing the quality, availability, digestibility and assimilability of nutrients . These beneficial agents are inexpensive; proliferate in large quantities in the host with no side effects in comparison with other therapeutic agents. In this study, historical, bacteriological and immunobiochemical aspects of probiotic microorganisms were discussed.

Collecting, removing and burying waste matters in an economic scientific way is a major environmental problem. So, considering the significance of the case, the author managed to carry out this research to examine the ways people take to remove the waste and bury it. To fulfill the research, 188 centers were selected in a clusteral approach for which questionnaires were used. According the finds, 25% the work shops evaluated their waste daily, 32% weekly, 6% twice a week, 30% had no definite timetable for the evaluation and the remaining 7% removed their waste twice or more a week. It is strongly recommended to plan a comprehensive training program to keep the related managers and the staff more informed of the possible ways of reusing the rubbish through suitable dust- bays in an economical approach.Many unprotected workers involved in collecting and burying the rubbish, in fact, endanger their families as well as the surrounding environment. More equipped and trained workers are suggested to be applied for the job so that the riskful factors could be impaired.