Functionalized and Theranostic Lipidic and Tocosomal Drug Delivery Systems: Potentials and Limitations in Cancer Photodynamic Therapy

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Nasr Esfahani Fahime; Karimi Sahand; Jalilian Zahra; Alavi Mehran; Aziz Bushra; Charkhat Gorgich Enam Alhagh; Mozafari M.R.; Taghavi Elham; Aminnezhad Sargol; Ataei Sara

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Journal Paper

Paper Information

Journal: Advanced Pharmaceutical Bulletin Year:2024 | Volume:14 | Issue:3 Page(s): 524-536

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Title

Functionalized and Theranostic Lipidic and Tocosomal Drug Delivery Systems: Potentials and Limitations in Cancer Photodynamic Therapy

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Keywords

Keywords: Photodynamic therapy (PDT)Q4

Photosensitizer (PS)Q4

Medicinal plantsQ4

Drug targetingQ4

Vesicular carriersQ4

Cell-based drug delivery systemsQ4

Abstract

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a multidisciplinary area, which involves photophysics and photochemical sciences and plays an important role in cancer diagnosis and treatment. PDT involves a photo-activable drug called photosensitizer (PS), a specific wavelength of light and cellular compounds to produce toxic oxygen species in a much-localized way to destroy malignant tumors. Despite the various benefits of PDT, some PS-related limitations hinder its use as an ideal treatment option for cancer. To address these limitations (e.g., poor bioavailability, weak permeability, hydrophobicity, and aggregation), lipid-based and vesicular drug delivery systems have been employed. These carrier systems possess the ability to enhance the bioavailability, permeability, and solubility of the drug. Furthermore, they tend to load hydrophobic and lipophilic compounds and can be employed for an efficient and targeted drug delivery. The purpose of this review is to highlight the precise idea of PDT, the limitations of PDT related to PS, and the application of lipidic and tocosomal carriers in PDT for the treatment of various types of cancers. Liposomes, nanoliposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, vesicular phospholipid gels, exosomes, transferosomes, and tocosomes are presented as commonly–employed vesicular drug carriers. Moreover, the amalgamation of Cell-based drug delivery systems (CBDDS) with PDT holds considerable potential as an encouraging avenue in cancer treatment, especially in the context of immunotherapy.

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