Critical Analysis of the Concepts of Determinism and ‎Delegation (Jabr and Tafwiz) with an Emphasis on the ‎Supplications of Sahifah Sajjadiyyah

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Mokhtari Mustafa

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Journal Paper

Paper Information

Journal: THEOSOPHIA ISLAMICA Year:2023 | Volume:3 | Issue:2 Page(s): 105-127

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Title

Critical Analysis of the Concepts of Determinism and ‎Delegation (Jabr and Tafwiz) with an Emphasis on the ‎Supplications of Sahifah Sajjadiyyah

Author(s)

Mokhtari Mustafa | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

Divine Decree and Destiny

determinism

delegation

Free Will

Sahifah Sajjadiyyah

Abstract

The issue of determinism (jabr) and free will (ikhtiyar), and humanity's role in creating its actions, is one of the oldest theological questions. When confronting it, three distinct theological approaches have emerged: determinism (jabr), delegation (Tafwiz), and an affair between two affairs (amr bayn al-amrayn). Following their religious leaders, Imamiyyah theologians have adopted the third approach. To prove and explain it, they've used numerous rational and transmitted proofs, while also critically analyzing the other two viewpoints. Although various books and articles have been written on the critical examination of the concepts of determinism (jabr) and delegation (Tafwiz), what distinguishes this research is its critical analysis of these ideas through an analytical study of the Sahifah Sajjadiyyah's supplications. This approach, in itself, offers innovation in the field of theological discussions. Ultimately, this research concludes that free will (ikhtiyar) and choice are crucial human characteristics that exist within the scope of God's will and power. By utilizing these, humans are considered the direct agents of their actions. This study employs a descriptive-analytical method, with data collected and examined through library and documentary resources.

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