Evaluation of Sperm Parameters in Asthenozoospermic Men: A Comparative Study of Swim-Up and Layering Techniques with Lepidium meyenii (Maca), L-Carnitine, and Pentoxifylline

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Abdulzahra Israa Saleem; Al Dujaily Saad Salih; Zabbon Areej Abbas

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Journal Paper

Paper Information

Journal: JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN MEDICAL AND BIOMEDICAL RESEARCH Year:2025 | Volume:33 | Issue:158 Page(s): 192-201

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Title

Evaluation of Sperm Parameters in Asthenozoospermic Men: A Comparative Study of Swim-Up and Layering Techniques with Lepidium meyenii (Maca), L-Carnitine, and Pentoxifylline

Author(s)

Abdulzahra Israa Saleem | Al Dujaily Saad Salih | Zabbon Areej Abbas | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

L-carnitine

Pentoxifylline

Maca (Lepidium meyenii)

Sperm Preparation

Asthenozoospermia

DNA Fragmentation Index

Abstract

Background & Objective: Infertility is a widespread health issue, with male factors solely responsible in approximately 20% of cases and contributing to an additional 30–40%. In vitro sperm preparation using motility-enhancing agents prior to assist reproductive techniques (ART) has shown potential in improving semen quality and increasing pregnancy rates. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a novel combination of motility stimulants—Maca, L-carnitine, and pentoxifylline—on sperm function, particularly the DNA fragmentation index (DFI), and to compare the effectiveness of the swim-up and density gradient (layering) techniques for sperm activation. Materials & Methods: Semen samples were collected from 90 asthenozoospermic men. Samples were divided into two groups: a control group using Ham’s F-12 medium and a treatment group using medium supplemented with Maca powder (1 mg/mL), pentoxifylline (10 mg/mL), and L-carnitine (0. 5 mg/mL). Sperm activation was performed using both the swim-up and Layering techniques. Sperm parameters were evaluated according to WHO guidelines (1999 and 2021). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23. 0 with Student’s t-test, ANOVA, and the LSD post-hoc test. Results: The treatment group demonstrated significant improvements (P<0. 05) in sperm concentration, motility (grades A and B), morphology, and reduced DNA fragmentation index. Both preparation techniques showed comparable improvements, although the Layering (density gradient) method yielded slightly better outcomes in DNA integrity. Conclusion: The combination of pentoxifylline, L-carnitine, and Maca significantly enhanced sperm function. The Layering technique was marginally more effective than swim-up in selecting spermatozoa with intact DNA.

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