RANKING IRAN'S PROVINCE CENTERS ACCORDING TO SOCIAL CAPITAL

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HOSSEINI S.A.H.; ELMI Z.; SHAREPOUR M.

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Journal: Social Welfare Year:2007 | Volume:7 | Issue:26 Page(s): 59-84

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Information Journal Paper

Title

RANKING IRAN'S PROVINCE CENTERS ACCORDING TO SOCIAL CAPITAL

Author(s)

HOSSEINI S.A.H. | ELMI Z. | SHAREPOUR M. | Issue Writer Certificate

Keywords

NUMERICAL TAXONOMYQ2

SOCIAL CAPITALQ2

SOCIAL CAPITAL MEASUREMENTQ2

Abstract

Objectives: One of the institutions which New Institutional Economics study on is SOCIAL CAPITAL. SOCIAL CAPITAL is a concept that states the quantity and quality of relations between members of a society. The more the SOCIAL CAPITAL, the less the transaction cost, and the more opportunities available for mutually beneficial collective actions which means we may face fewer problems that result to market failure. The experimental literature of SOCIAL CAPITAL has shown the importance of this concept in many economies. Most studies have shown the important role of SOCIAL CAPITAL in some fields such as creation of human capital, the efficiency of government, having more innovations, flow of information and achieving more economic growth.Since this concept has not yet become a major factor for socio-economic analysis in Iran, our first purpose is to define the concept more exactly. Furthermore we define different levels and forms of SOCIAL CAPITAL. The main purpose of this paper is to measure the SOCIAL CAPITAL of every 28 provinces of Iran in the year 2000. In another word we examine a secondary analysis on two national surveys.Method: Using Stone and Hoghes (2003) we divide SOCIAL CAPITAL into 3 levels and 2 types. It means that we tried to investigate different types in various levels; i.e. we examine both structural (quantity) and cognitive (quality) forms, in three levels of informal, generalized and institutional. Therefore we have 6 different sections that in every one of them we introduce at least one index. Number of indexes used for each section is as follows: 9 indexes for informal-structural, 7 indexes for informal-cognitive, 9 for generalized-structural, 6 for generalized cognitive, 1 for institutional-structural and 19 indexes for institutional-cognitive. The data we used here relate to two national surveys; Iranians' Cultural Behaviors (1999) and Iranians' Values and Attributes (2000).The method of measurement in this research is a complex of Factor Analysis and Taxonomy. Factor analysis helps us to reduce a number of indexes to less number of factors or components according to their correlations. Taxonomy is a way to compare many sectors by many factors. We use the results of factor analysis in taxonomy to compare the SOCIAL CAPITAL between provinces.Findings: As our study on the history of using these two methods says, other studies have used factor analysis just for omitting unnecessary components. We have shown that following this way may cause deviation in results. For example we observed that if we commit this finding that the third component in informal structural section, has the least explanatory role, we face Bandar Abbas as the 17th city in this section. Consequently we add a step to achieve a more realistic measurement of SOCIAL CAPITAL. Our proposed solution is to consider the weights of remaining components as well as omitting unnecessary ones. By doing this step, Bandar Abbas reaches to 6th. We think this procedure may be an innovation in quantitative section of our research. Using factor analyses we reduce 51 different indexes in all 6 sectors into 14 components. These components explain almost 80% of indexes.Finally we reach to 6 grades and ranks for each of the six SOCIAL CAPITAL. According to average and s.d. of the six, it has been shown that Ilam is the best and Tehran is the worst one in the province centers.Results: The most important difference of this study is to use various indexes. This characteristic helps us to have deeper knowledge about the quality and quantity of SOCIAL CAPITAL in every single province center. Increasing the level of SOCIAL CAPITAL in every city, we have to observe all of important components and indexes to set better objectives and policies. A good policy needs better understanding of important components. For example if we face low level of generalized-structural SOCIAL CAPITAL in a city, we then should consider that first component as the most important one. This component has a strong correlation with "guild unity membership" and "Charity membership". These two indexes have strong correlation (80%) with the first component and the first component explains approximately 40% of all 9 introduced indexes. Knowing these founded realities lead us to better policy making to increase SOCIAL CAPITAL. It is also can be conducted that bigger cities have less SOCIAL CAPITAL. This can cause from high amount of immigrations that leads to fewer familiarity among citizens.

Cites

References

SOCIAL CAPITAL AND SOCIAL POLICY (SOCIAL CAPITAL INVESTIGATION IN IRAN,TODAYS)

Cite

APA: Copy

HOSSEINI, S.A.H., ELMI, Z., & SHAREPOUR, M.. (2007). RANKING IRAN'S PROVINCE CENTERS ACCORDING TO SOCIAL CAPITAL. SOCIAL WELFARE, 7(26), 59-84. SID. https://sid.ir/paper/56556/en

Vancouver: Copy

HOSSEINI S.A.H., ELMI Z., SHAREPOUR M.. RANKING IRAN'S PROVINCE CENTERS ACCORDING TO SOCIAL CAPITAL. SOCIAL WELFARE[Internet]. 2007;7(26):59-84. Available from: https://sid.ir/paper/56556/en

IEEE: Copy

S.A.H. HOSSEINI, Z. ELMI, and M. SHAREPOUR, “RANKING IRAN'S PROVINCE CENTERS ACCORDING TO SOCIAL CAPITAL,” SOCIAL WELFARE, vol. 7, no. 26, pp. 59–84, 2007, [Online]. Available: https://sid.ir/paper/56556/en

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