Different samples similar to common sausage formulation available in Iranian market were prepared in laboratory in order to detect unpermitted tissues in heated meat products.Unpermitted tissues such as mammary glands, Lungs, head soft tissues, and visceral organs (e.g. rumen, reticulum, omasum and abomasum) with known amounts (10% of whole sample of 20% or whole lean meat) alone or as mixedtissues were added to these products. Various histological sections have been prepared and stained using haematoxyline & eosin method. In spite of mincing and heat processing of tissues, their photomicrographs studies showed that microscopic structure of unpermitted tissues were detectable and their colors were not changed. It was concluded that haematoxyline & eosin stain used in this study, is recommendable and suitable for detection of unpermitted tissues in samples of heated meat products which adulteration is possible.

5×5 Latin-square experiment (21-d periods) was conducted to measure the effects of replacing of barley by sorghum grain on milk yield, milk composition, feed efficiency, dry matter intake (DMI), body weight and apparent digestibility of organic matter (OM). Five primiparous and five multiparous (n=10) lactating Holstein cows, 85±10 d in milk were given a total mixed ration of 46: 54 forage: grain ratio (DM basis). Sorghum grain substituted barley in ratios of 0: 100, 25:75, 50:50, 75:25 and 100:0 in diets 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, respectively. The results showed significant differences (P<0.05) in many parameters in response to increasing sorghum levels. Diet 5 showed higher DMI (20.3 vs. 19.4 kg d-1), daily milk yield (25.8 vs. 24.8 kg d-1), production of 3.2 % FCM (27.4 vs. 24.7 kg d-1), milk fat (3.58 vs. 3.02%), fat yield (0.92 vs. 0.75 kg d-1), milk protein (3.0 vs. 2.7%), protein yield (0.75 vs. 0.67 kg d-1), milk lactose (4.93 vs. 4.47%) and milk solids-not-fat (8.58 vs. 8.17%), as compared with diet 1. However, feed efficiency, body weight, and apparent digestibility of organic matter were not affected by any of the treatments (P>0.05). It is concluded that substitution of sorghum grain for barley may manipulate rumen metabolism and improves milk composition.

Blood transfusion is known as a route of therapeutic in anemic animals, but little desire has been shown due to lack of the basic information. The aims of this study were to investigate the undesirable reactions of blood transfusion, amount of injection and the level of condolence in anemic cows. Twenty two anemic cows with PCV 16.8 were selected. In each animals the mean 5.36 blood units with average 42 days stored in 4°C was transfused. Blood samples for biochemical, hematological and enzymes activity were collected before infusion, after injection, 2, 4, 6, 24, 48 and 72 hours. Respiratory rates (RR), heart rates (HR), ruminal movements (RM) and body temperature m were also recorded. The results of Hest showed that the mean PCV, Hb, RBC, WBC, K, AST, RR, HR in anemic cows increased (P<0.05). It is concluded that RBC, Hb and PCV are the main blood parameters in blood transfusion which directly effects RR, HR, T and facilitate curity in cows. Biochemical components and enzymes activity are less important. Secondly, infusion of one blood unite increases approximately one -mite in PCV, Thus the level of PCV is more important in amount of blood transfusion. All animals cured after treatment.

Five Bakhtiari rams, one year old, were used in this study- These rams were looked after for two weeks to confirm their health. Blood and bone marrow samples were collected as blanks from jugular vein and sternum, respectively. For induction of sub acute poisoning, each sheep received 3.5 mg/kg B.W. copper sulphate daily for 10 days. Blood samples were taken from-jugular vein four hours after givening copper sulphate solution. After the last blood sampling, bone marrow sample were also taken from each ram. Hematological parameters (PCV, Hb, RBC count, WBC count, neutrophil, lymphocyte, eosinophil and monocyte) were measured in blood samples and MIE ratio was measured in bone marrow samples. Clinical parameters (respiratory rate, heart rate, temperature and ruminal contraction) were noted each day. The results indicated that hematocrit, RBC count, lymphocyte and eosinophil decreased significantly but WBC count and neutrophil increased (P<0.05). Heart rate and respiratory rate also increased significantly after poisoning (P<0.05). Variation in MIE ratio was not significant (P>0.05).

The crude protein degradability of feedstuffs is a important factor for providing of complement requirements of rumen microorganisms. This experiment was conducted using two fistulated-sheep and nylon bag technique for determination of dry matter and crude protein degradability of second-cut alfalfa, red clover, wheat barley grain, cotton seed meal and corn grain. Crude protein, Ether Extract and Ash Values were 22.64, 1.97, 10.2 and 17.71, 1.48,9.64 and 39.65,8.08,6.26 and 14.31, 2.6,5.2 and 9.07, 4.2, 1036 and 10.62, 2.12, 2.43 percentage for alfalfa hay, red clover, cottonseed meal, wheat brain, corn grain and barley grain respectively. The means and standard deviation of in situ degradabilities of dry matter and Curde Protein were in alfalfa hay: 47± 1.41 and 54.89±1.81, red clover: 51±1.1 barley grain: 69±3 and 68±2.5, corn grain: 64±0.7 and 62±1.4, w±eat bran: n.15±0.21 and 87.5±1.47 and cottonseed meal: 47.5±0.7 and 45.5±0.7 respectively. The result obtained from degradability study in this experiment can be used for calculating metabolizable protein in balanced ration formulation.