Pleasant, tuneful and moving sound is the principal element in playing a musical instrument. One of the major concerns facing musicians of woodwind reed instruments all over the world is having the right reed in order to produce sweet-sounding and appropriate music. The quality of reed cane material has significant impact on tune, timbre and difficulty of performance. Air current in reeds made from inferior quality canes is disturbed and thus negatively affects the most fundamental principles of musical performance such as tune, balance of different registers, creating various dynamics and maintaining diverse articulations. Musicians of woodwind reed instruments are often frustrated because of sudden changes in their reeds and their unstable condition. These changes generally occur due to subtle fluctuations in weather, temperature and humidity as a result of the organic nature of the cane. Various efforts and researches have been made in order to overcome the deficiencies and weaknesses of this natural material and substituting it with synthetic alternatives; however due to obvious differences in timbre and sound quality of synthetic and natural reeds, musicians insist on using the latter. Then again, diverse physical conditions of the performers and numerous methods of reed making, force many musicians and in particular performers of double-reed woodwind instruments, to make their own reeds. These musicians face several issues in the process of reed making such as the whole process being time-consuming and laborious, brittleness of the reed, expensiveness, instability of the natural material and inconsistency of the reed quality coming from various canes. Contrary to popular belief between musicians, inefficient and defective reeds are not usually the outcome of flawed reed making process or incompetency of the reed maker, but it is the inhomogeneous structure and divergent quality of the canes which lead to such deficiencies. One of the main reasons for inconsistencies in reed cane quality is neglecting the microscopic inspection of the fiber bands of Arundo donax plant at the time of harvest and solely relying on particular height of the plant. Cane species have different structure and growth rate based on their genetic formation, received sunlight and mineral compounds present in the soil. Therefore two different cane plants may be at different internal growth stages and maturity while having the same height. Fatigue phenomenon of the reed which occurs in reed’ s motion cycle due to Bernoulli's principle is another major reason for flaws of this natural substance in making reed for woodwind instruments. This fact forces the reed under constant stress and results in minuscule and subsequently larger cracks in the reed body over time. The significance of reed making and the direct connection of this process with performance conditions are neglected in current educational programs of wood wind instruments in Iran and musicians are trained without considering reed quality effects on improving performance skills. This paper is the first attempt towards pointing out the significance of reed making in professional instruction of double reed wood wind instruments and the difficulties of using Arundo donax plant in the reed making process.

The purpose of this paper is mainly to discuss the nationality of Mowlana, ending with some remarks on the responsibilities of us Iranians about introducing Mowlana and other luminaries of the Iranian civilization. Mowlana's nationality could be discussed in terms of geography/ history and the message of his poetry. In the former case, there are facts which cannot be changed whether we like them or not. Mowlana consider himself as belonging to korasan, and the greater korasan used to be part of the greater Iran. From the pictures AflakI presents of the circle of Mowlana in Konia, one gets the impression that Mowlana had opened a branch of the cultural Korasan in Konia. But in terms of message, Mowlana is a voice that belongs more to any place that could be heard better, the voice of a man whose great Masnavi is the greatest spiritual epic man has produced, a gift granted by God to the Persian language to make the Persian culture immortal. To Mowlana, the question of nationality is so irrelevant, as is the question of belonging to this or the other world. He likens himself to the sun; if the walls separating houses and countries are removed, what remains is the light arising from the unified soul. As he states symbolically in the beginning of his great Masnavi, his country is the reed-bed, and it is his separation from the reed-bed that has given rise to all the tales and complaints.

Introduction: Patients under hemodialysis should be aware of their self-care needs. Self-care programs make it easy for patients to adapt to the chronic condition of nursing theory based on nursing theories. This study was performed to determine the effect of self-care education program on Reed self-trandence theory in undergoing hemodialysis patients. Methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial with two groups of intervention and control that was performed on 60 patients undergoing hemodialysis, a 122-bed center of hemodialysis in Imam Reza Hospital in Tabriz during 2016-2017. Sampling method was simple random sampling. Data collection tools were 3 demographic information questionnaires, educational needs assessment and self-trandence, which were completed before and two weeks after the intervention by both groups. The intervention group received 6 sessions of face to face training (30-25 minutes), once a week, individually with patient participation, based on Reed's self-trandence theory and educational needs and was presented at the last session of the booklet. For data analysis, descriptive and inferential statistics (independent t-test and paired t-test) were used and analyzed using SPSS software version 22. Results: The mean of self-trandence scores after intervention in the group intervention was higher than that of the control group. There was a significant difference between the mean scores of self-trandence after intervention in both groups (P < 0. 001). Conclusions: Self-care nursing care based on the theory of Reed self-trandence with low cost and without the need for advanced clinical services, increases the health of patients under hemodialysis.

Background & Aim: Being diagnosed with cancer during adolescence can cause disabilities and disrupt the achievement of important tasks during this period. Given the complex spiritual issues that adolescents face, emphasizing them can provide a unique framework for understanding and coping with illness. The purpose of this study was to determine factors related to spiritual coping in adolescents with cancer based on the "Reed self-transcendence theory". Methods & Materials: In this descriptive, correlational study, 270 adolescents with cancer referred to hospitals affiliated to Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran in 2018-19 were selected using the convenience sampling method. Data was collected using the demographic and clinical characteristics questionnaire, the “, Adolescents Spiritual Coping Scale”, , “, Adolescents Hope Scale”, , “, Self-transcendence Scale: Adolescent version and “, Adolescent Coping Scale”, . Data was analyzed using the SPSS software version 19 through descriptive statistical methods, Kruskal–, Wallis test, Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the Spearman's correlation test and Path analysis. Results: Based on the Spearman correlation coefficient, the relationship of hope (rs=0. 440, P<0. 001), coping (rs=0. 149, P=0. 015) and self-transcendence (rs=0. 143, P=0. 019) was positive and significant with the spiritual coping. Also, the results of path analysis of the Reed self-transcendence model showed that hope and self-transcendence had direct effects on spiritual coping and coping had an indirect effect on spiritual coping in adolescents through the intermediate variable of self-transcendence. Conclusion: The variables hope, coping and self-transcendence are the factors related to spiritual coping in adolescents with cancer, and the model of selftranscendence in Iranian adolescents with cancer is appropriate. Therefore, nurses as the first providers of care can enhance spiritual coping in adolescents by focusing on this model and manipulating its various variables.

This experiment was conducted to study the variations in chemical composition during the growth stage and characteristics of reed forage ensilage. Sampling of reed forage during the growth stage was done every 2 weeks for 3 months for investigation of variation in chemical composition. Results were analyzed in a completely randomized design with 6 treatments and 5 replications. The determined chemical composition of samples was CP, DM, OM, Ash, NDF, ADF, Hemicelluloses, IVDMD and IVOMD. Means of CP, IVDMD and IVOMD were decreased (from 16.56, 42.10 and 39.95 to 10.31, 28.68 and 27.83 percent respectively) and means of NDF and ADF were increased (from 63.34 and 35.12 to 77.76 and 41.64 percent respectively) with advancing growth period (p< 0.05). from Hoveize marsh 200 kg of reed forage harvested and choppered (1-3 cm length) and laboratory reed forage silage were prepared with 4 levels of molasses (0, 5, 10 and 15%) and 2 levels of inoculants, containing 1x1010CFUg-1 Lactobacillus plantarum (0 and 2.5 ppm) in 5 replication. This experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with a factorial arrangement (2x4x5=40). Adding 15 percent molasses decreased pH (from 4.62 to 4.16), ADF (from 37.10% to 30.34%), cellulose (from29.16% to 22.49%) and increased CP (from 10.21% to 10.98%) and IVDMD (from 27.58% to 36.76%) (p< 0.05). Bacteria inoculation did not have any significant effect on improving silage quality. Based on this results harvesting date for reed forage proposed to be between the first to middle of the month of may, and adding Lactobacillus plantarum silage was not effective, but adding 15%molasses proposed for silage preparing and improved its quality.

In this study, MDF was produced from Reed (Phragmites australis). Reeds are collected from Hor-Alazym area. The treatments conditions for fiber preparing were as following:- Steaming temperature 170, 180oC(Steaming pressure 7,9 bar).- Steaming time 5, 10, 15 minutes.The other production variables were constant.The anatomical properties of Reed such as Fiber length, fiber diameter, lumen cell diameter, and cell wall thickness were measured. LID ratio of Reed fiber was measured 73.69. The physical and mechanical properties of MDF were determined according to DIN standard. The measurements of bending properties and IB of MDF revealed that increasing steaming time and steaming temperature caused to decrease MOR, MOE, and IB.Also the results of MDF dimentional stabilities indicated that Thickness Swelling after 2 and 24 hours decreased upon increasing steaming time and steaming temperature. Degradation of hemicellulose chains may be the reason of decreasing Thickness Swelling.

The language of poetry is universal, for unlike other discourses it strikes the responsive chords in the imagination rather than a particular linguistic competence. This universal appeal stems from its archetypal imagery, music and elemental philosophical and mystical notions- at we call metaphorically the language of the soul, which triggers and finds response in man’s imagination. The language of literature manifests the deep affinity between apparently different cultures and emphasises that common aesthetic appreciation that is rooted in imaginal perception. Two archetypal images in this universal language are the reed and the Aeolian harp, the wind instruments that aptly manifest the common epistemological concerns of mysticism, Christian and Muslim, and the European Romanticism.

Most of the research on Phragmites australis is restricted to sites on the European continent even though P. australis occurs abundantly in many regions in the Asian and other continents under different climatic and habitat conditions. The populations used in this study were collected from different parts of Iran. All these populations were grown in the same conditions in experimental field, located in Agricultural Science Department Research Station (University of Tehran). The rhizomes of 39 populations of common reed were planted in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications. At the end of season, some growth traits were measured. The comparison of the traits revealed differences in shoot length, shoot diameter, shoot internodes, leaf area, panicle length, leaf dry weight, stem dry weight, panicle dry weight, percent of flowering shoots, start panicle formation (days after planting) and senescence time (days after planting) among common reed populations in Iran. A dendrogram was prepared on the basis of studied traits using the UPGMA algorithm and separated the 39 populations into four groups which were mainly in accordance with geographical origins.