Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences
Year:2018 | Volume:25 | Issue:1 |Papers Count:11

It is well established that seafood is an excellent source of a large variety of nutrients including high-quality protein. In addition to the high-quality protein and micronutrients provided, fish is the primary source of long chain omega-3 fatty acids which are found in oil of fatty fish. The importance of nutrients in fish and fish oil in health maintenance, and promoting normal nutrition for growth, and development has been documented in medical studies. In addition, fish and fish oil have been shown to lower the risk of progressive chronic disorders (e. g. cardiovascular, metabolic, and inflammatory disease) and may be useful in disease treatment. This review article will succinctly review current and in-depth information on these topics.

Background and Aim: Dysmenorrhea or painful menstruation of the most common complaints of the women's. Considering the effect of β-endorphin on reducing the pain of menstruation, the purpose of this study was to investigate changes in β-endorphin and severity of primary dysmenorrhea pain following aerobic exercise with and without consumption of cumin in nonathlete girls Materials and Methods: In this Clinical randomized controlled trials, 26 girls with moderate to severe dysmenorrhea were divided into two groups, A and B. Group A received cumin capsules in the first 3 days of menstruation, while group B received placebo capsules. From the fourth day, both groups participated in 4 weeks of aerobic training and with the onset of the next period, exercises were stopped and the capsules were transferred between the two groups. Measurement of β-endorphin was performed on the day 3 of the first and next menstrual and measurement of pain intensity was performed before and after each intervention. For statistical analysis, Dependent and independent two-sample t-test and Pearson correlation test were used. Results: Aerobic exercises alone and in combination with cumin significantly increased β-endorphin (P=0. 003, P=0. 009) and significantly decreased pain severity (P=0. 009, P=0. 04), However, there was no significant change in these two variables after consumption of cumin (P=0. 9, P=0. 6). Conclusion: Aerobic exercise results in the secretion of β-endorphin and may also be effective in reducing the pain severity of menstrual. However, cumin did not have a significant effect on β-endorphin and pain severity and it is likely to reduce the pain of menstruation through a mechanism independent of β-endorphin secretion.

Background and Aim: So far, few studies have assessed the effect of noise on fertility capacity thus this study aimed to evaluate the possible protective effects of cinnamon extract on testicular tissue changes and fertility capacity in male rats exposed to noise stress. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male rats were randomly divided into 5 experimental groups. Group1 (control), group2 (sham), group3 (Cinnamon), group4 (Noise), group5 (Cinnamon + Noise). Rats from group 3 and 5 received cinnamon extract (75 mg/kg) through gavage. The rats in groups 4 and 5 exposed to 100 dB noise between 23: 00-7: 00. After 50 nights, each male rat copulated with 3 female rats and after the end of gestation period, variables such as fertility capacity, total birth, live birth, gender and birth weight of the newborns were examined. Also testis of male rats was removed for histopathological assessment. Data were analyzed by SPSS 21. Results: The number of live newborns in group 4 compared with control group significantly reduced (P<0. 05). The weight variable between group 4 and 5 showed a significant difference (P<0. 05). Histopathological results indicated Tangible changes in exposed group 4 compared to the control group. Conclusion: The results showed that a dose of 75 mg/kg of cinnamon extract can improve some destructive effects of noise on testicular tissue at selected frequencies, thus, it is suggested that more studies be done on the effect of cinnamon on fertility capacity in a human and animal model that exposed with noise.

Background and Aim: Short tandem repeat (STR) markers, are conserved region in human genome and highly polymorphic between individuals. Nowadays, genotyping of STR marker is widely known and used for the genetic identification of individuals in forensic DNA analyses. Based on allelic frequencies of STR loci varies between populations, investigation of genetically and forensically parameters in each population and characterization of these markers is necessary. The objective of this study was to optimizing laboratory method for application of 10autosomal STR loci (TPOX، vWA، D7S820، D8S1179، D13S317، D16S539، D18S51، D5S818، THO1، D21S311) in Kurd and Arab ethnics of Iran and investigation of population and forensic genetics parameter of these markers in these populations. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, blood samples from 93 Arab and 94 Kurd individuals were collected. After DNA extraction, PCR amplification was carried out for 10 autosomal STR loci, individually. Then, acrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to determine the genotype of each individual in each site. Results: Deviation from Hardy Weinberg equilibrium even after Bonfferroni correction was seen in the locus of D13S317in both Populations. After D13S317 loci, the highest observed heterozygosity was seen in D21S311loci for Kurd population (94%) and in THO1, vWA and D5S818 locifor Arab population (84%). The lowest observed heterozygosity (0. 71 and 0. 72) was seen in TPOX loci for both populations form Arab and Kurd ethnics, respectively. Investigation of forensic genetic parameters (PI, PE, PD, and PIC) showed that in except of the D13S317 loci other remaining evaluated locus had proper properties for using in genetics fingertips in both of Kourd and Arab ethnics. Conclusion: The results of current study indicate that the necessity investigation of forensic genetics for rapid characterization of the different ethnicities which located in different geographic parts of Iran in order to choose the appropriate data set to calculate of forensic genetics parameters not only within each ethnic but also between them.

Background and Aim: Cigarette smoking is a complex learning process and educational programs play an important role in empowering people by providing the necessary knowledge and knowledge. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of education based on the theory of planned behavior on cigarette smoking in smoker men in the city of Zirkoh. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, sampling was performed in cluster fashion in 1395 among smokers who were covered by all health houses in Zirkouh with a sample size of 94 (n=47). The sample size was 94 people (intervention and control group, each of 47). Data collection tools included a questionnaire based on the theory of planned behavior structures, that its validity and reliability has been approved. The educational intervention was performed in 6 sessions of 90 minutes for the intervention group and the questionnaire was completed for both groups before, immediately and three months after the intervention. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 19) using an independent t-test, Chi-Square and repeated analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a significant level of 0. 05. Results: The results showed significant differences in mean of attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioral control, behavioral intention and behavior in smoking in the experimental group after the intervention had occurred (P<0. 001), but no significant change was observed in the control group (P>0. 05). Conclusion: According to the results, Education based on the theory of planned behavior has a positive impact on smoking behavior, Therefore, it is recommended that the above educational model is used to modify the behavior of smokers.

Background and Aim: Self concept is one of the important aspects of social development that each individual uses for self description. Physical self concept includes the persons’ attitude toward their body dimensions. Lack of proper perception of the physical self concept has been linked to physical, mental, and social disorders. This study was aimed to investigate the relationship between physical activities with physical self concept among male medical students in Birjand University of Medical Sciences in 2016. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, study scale was distributed among all of the male medical students. A questionnaire including of demographic data and physical activity as well as the Physical Self Description Questionnaire (PSDQ: Marsh, 1996) was completed by participants. by SPSS 19 software using statistical method, And analytical (Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests) were analyzed. Results: A total of 452 students with the mean age of 22. 11± 2. 85 years participated. 350 (77. 4%) students don't have physical activity, 76 (16. 8%) did regular heavy athletic performance and 26 (5. 8%) did regular light sport activity. Results showed a significant relationship between physical self-concept and athletic performance (p=0. 02). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it was found that athletic performance improves physical self-esteem and self-esteem of students. Therefore, health system policy makers can promote the necessary facilities for expanding the culture of sports activities and also create an environment with sufficient facilities in the university.

Background and Aim: Oral health is one of the components of primary health care and the principles of an important part in the prevention of tooth decay. The present study has been designed to examine oral health in staff and teaching hospitals of Birjand University of Medical Sciences in 1395. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study on 385 staff and teaching hospitals of Birjand University of Medical Sciences carried out who were selected by stratified proportion sampling method. For data collection, WHO Oral Health Questionnaire was used. The questionnaire assessed 29 questions for oral hygiene (9 behavioral questions, 10 questions dental problems and 10 questions for other areas of oral health). Data were collected and then entered and analyzed with SPSS version19 software (Manvitni test, Kruscal valice test and p<0. 05) Results: 95. 6% of employees used a toothbrush that 70. 6% brushed at least once a day and 50. 6% use dental floss. 76. 4% visited a dentist at least once a year and the main reason for referral was treatment and dental pain and the average of oral health behavior score from 9 points was 7. 49± 1. 1 and problem score from 10 points was 1. 41± 1. 6 and the problem score mean in those with under high school education level is significantly higher than other educational groups (p<0. 05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that staff and hospitals of Birjand University of Medical Sciences had favorable status and therefore oral problems were little.

Background and Aim: Drug prescription is an important part of pharmacotherapy; therefore, any inconsideration of prescription principles may cause problems such as incorrect, unsuccessful or incomplete treatment and impose greater costs to patients and society in large. On the other hand, rational use and prescription of drugs can prevent the loss of national capitals and improve living standards by promoting social health. This study aimed to investigate prescription indicators of physicians based in South Khorasan Province in 2014 in order to determine the extent to which drugs are prescribed rationally. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, data from 1, 423, 642 drug prescriptions written by specialists and general practitioners were collected from pharmacies and insurance companies across the province and analyzed in Rx-Analyst software per type of insurance. Prescription indicators were extracted and examined. Results: According to the 1, 423, 642 drug prescriptions extracted in the software, average items per prescription was 2. 89. Moreover, 33% of patients received injectable drugs, 42% received antimicrobial drugs, and 20% received corticosteroids. Also, 12% of prescriptions had a minimum of 4 items. Corticosteroids and antibiotics were the most frequently prescribed drugs. Conclusion: The number and type of items prescribed are inappropriate given the associated global indicators. This can be a ground for various scientific and educational interventions in order to promote prescription indicators and rationalization of drug prescription.

Background and Aim: Road injuries and their consequences are one of the most important factors affecting health in all age groups. Considering the fact that the cities of Kerman province are located in communication route of the southeast, the aim of this study was to determine the risk factors for road accidents in intercity taxi drivers of Kerman. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2015. 231 intercity taxi drivers were sampled through convenience sampling and a reliable and valid questionnaire was performed. In this study, a questionnaire was used that assessed its validity and reliability. For data analysis, descriptive and analytic methods (Univariate and multiple logistic regression) were used. Results: The average age of participants was 39. 43± 8. 66 year. In human factors category own speed (73. 30%), car lighting (68. 70%) in car factors and the route condition (85. 30%) in environmental factors category were the most frequent. There was significant association between the road accident and driving route in some ways, Kerman-Sirjan (OR= 5. 52, CI95%= 1. 96 – 15. 58, P≤ 0. 001), Kerman-Bam (OR=3. 20, CI95%= 1. 16 – 8. 80, P=0. 02) and Kerman-Zarand (OR=3. 02, CI95%= 1. 24 – 7. 36, P=0. 01) Conclusion: Based on the results of the study along with the human and car factors, the driving route, which is one of the environmental factors, plays a significant role in the occurrence of road accidents, and the presence of these three factors determines the frequency and severity of road accidents.