Journal of Birjand University of Medical Sciences
Year:2018 | Volume:25 | Issue:2 |Papers Count:11

Background and Aim: The metabolism of many drugs and toxins is done in the liver and active metabolites are created during the metabolism of these substances which many of them cause liver toxicity. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of curcumin on liver toxicity induced by Thioacetamide in adult male rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 48mature female rats were divided into 6 groups including control, sham and 4 experimental groups receiving Thioacetamide (50mg/kg), Thioacetamide plus curcumin30 and 120, 60 mg/kg. In this study, Thioacetamide and curcumin were administered as intraperitoneally in 21 consecutive days. At the end, the activity of enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and were measured and liver structure of the animals was investigated. The results were analyzed by ANOVA and Duncan tests at a significant level of p≤ 0. 05. Results: The results of this study showed that Thioacetamide significantly increased the activity of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase enzymes at the level of p≤ 0. 05 compared to the control group and increased the lymphocyte invasion around the portal of the triad and tissue degradation of the liver. However, curcumin in different doses significantly reduced the activity of these enzymes and improved the liver tissue structure at the level of p≤ 0. 05 compared to the group receiving Thioacetamide. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that Thioacetamide may increase the activity of transaminases and damage the liver tissue structure by producing oxidative stress, while the use of curcumin with thioacetamide simultaneously probably reduces the activity of transaminases and improves tissue structure due to the antioxidant properties of curcumin.

Background and Aim: Nesfetin-1 is known as the Neuropeptide which interferes with appetite and glucose hemostasis. It has been reported its amount in healthful persons than diabetes sick is variable and changes according to the exercise. The aim of the present study is to investigate the effects of acute aerobic exercise on nesfatin-1 gene expression in diabetic rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, has utilized the diabetic Wistar rat'sstagy rats with STZ (12 week-age, 220-240 gr-weight). Animals were divided into 4 groups: continuous exercise (COE-0) and control (CO), (Immediately after exercise were killed) and continuous (COE-2) and control (C-2), (Two hours after the exercise, they were killed), respectively. Group COE performed exercise at a speed of 18 meters per minute, equivalent to 65% of maximum speed, for 40 minutes on the treadmill. Hypothalamus tissue was excised for determination of nesfatin-1 gene expression by RT-PCR methods. Data were analyzed using SPSS software (version 20) with independent T-test (P <0. 01). Results: The current results indicated that the levels of nesfatin-1 gene expression, increased significantly in training group immediately and two hours after exercise when compared with Control group yourself. Conclusion: It seems a session of continuous exercise may increase the hypothalamic expression of male Wistar rats with diabetes nesfatin-1 immediately and two hours after the exercise.

Background and Aim: Catechins in dark chocolate can improve the reduction of muscle mass in the elderly due to the sarcopenia by the positive effect on muscle growth. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks resistance training and dark chocolate extract supplementation on the plasma levels of Myogenic Factor 5 (Myf5) and muscle strength in the older adults. Materials and Methods: In this quasi-experimental study, 36 elderly adults (19 males, 17 females), were objectively selected and randomly divided into four groups: training (RT) (n=8), supplement (S) (n=10), training + supplement (RT+S)(n=9), and control (C)(n=9). Subjects of RT and RT+S groups underwent a resistance training program. S and RT+S groups consumed capsules containing 500mg of dark chocolate extract – containing epicatechin-every day. Before and after eight weeks intervention, the plasma levels of Myf5 were measured by ELIZA method and the muscle strength was measured by 1-Repeatation Maximum (1RM) test. The data were analyzed with ANOVA and LSD post hoc tests. Results: Myf5 values increased significantly in RT, S and RT+S groups compared to C group after the intervention (P≤ 0. 05). Myf5 values were significantly higher in RT+S group compared to RT and S groups (P≤ 0. 05). Moreover, chest press and leg press maximal strength increased in RT and RT+S groups in comparison with C group (P≤ 0. 05). Conclusion: 8-weeks resistance training with the consumption of dark chocolate extract supplement have more efficient effects on the enhancement of plasma myf5 in the older adults compared to mere resistance training.

Background and Aim: Since the external root resorption is not detectable clinically, therefore radiographic examination is very important for diagnose, Therefore, the purpose of this study is to compare the diagnostic efficiency of conventional, digital and CBCT radiography in detecting of external root resorption. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-analytical study, after radiographic and clinical examination, 20 single-rooted human premolar teeth without calcification and resorption were selected. Cavities were drilled 0. 8 mm in diameter with round burs 08 in one-third of the cervical, mid, and apical of the buccal wall, digital and CBCT images were taken. The images were evaluated by 3 faculty members of Mashhad Dental School. The statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS V. 18 software and Chi-Square test. The significance level was considered to be 0. 05. Results: The ability to detect external resorption by CBCT was significantly higher than the other two methods (P=0. 000). However, there was no significant difference between conventional and digital radiography. External resorption in the coronal, middle and apical were 78. 7%, 62. 3%, and 35. 5%, respectively. Conclusion: According to the results, CBCT seems to be more reliable in determining external root resorption, in areas of maxillofacial superimposition, and in one-third of the apical root.

Background and Aim: Awareness of the pattern of aerobic and fungal bacterial agents and their sensitivity to common antibiotics is of great importance in the treatment of external ear canal infection. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of infections in Birjand residents as a tropical region of the desert in specialized clinics affiliated to Birjand University of Medical Sciences. Materials and Methods: This descriptive-analytical study in the Time period from 1395 to 1396 on 100 patients with otitis externa referred to specialist clinics affiliated with the Birjand University of Medical Sciences. The subjects were selected using simple non-probability sampling. Sampling was done by two swabs and examined in the reference laboratory for gram-negative, positive bacteria and fungi. Data were analyzed by Chi-Square and Fisher exact tests using SPSS software (version 16). Results: A total of 100 patients were enrolled. The average age of participants 43/38± 9/15 years and most of the participants were male (61%) and urban (70 %). The most common clinical symptoms are itching ears (48%), otalgia (21%) and erythema (19%), respectively. Out of 74 samples of bacteria/fungi with the positive culture, bacteria were reported in 89/1% and fungi with 10. 9% which among them Gram-positive bacteria were most often (36 patients, 54. 5 percent). The highest antibiotic resistance was reported for: cefixime (45. 8%), cefazolin (30. 2%), gentamicin (12%) and ciprofloxacin (12%) respectively. Conclusion: The etiology of acute otitis externa in the patients of Birjand is composed of many bacteria and fungi. Resistance to cefixime is more than ciprofloxacin however, the susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and gentamycin is acceptable.

Background and Aim: Behavioral disorders (BD) is one of the most common problems in children. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence of BD and its related factors among primary school students of Dashtestan, 2016. Materials and Methods: This study is a descriptive-analytic study of cross-sectional type. The statistical population consisted of urban elementary students in Dashtestan. Participants in the study were 767 subjects who were selected by multi-stage random sampling. The tool used was Rutter's Teacher's Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the data and logistic regression test was used for data analysis. Results: The age range of participants was 6-13 years and the mean age was 9. 53 ± 1. 88 years. The prevalence of BD among primary school students was 27%. The prevalence of BD among male students (33. 5%) was higher than female ones (17. 8%). In this study, it was found that there was a significant relationship between behavioral disorders and gender variables, student's educational status, mother's job, father's death and parental divorce. However, there was no significant relationship between behavioral disorder with age, academic basis, father's occupation, birth rate, number of family members, mother's death, and parents education. Conclusion: The prevalence of behavioral disorders in Dashtestan is high compared to other studies. Given the importance of the individual and social health of adolescents and children and preventing the development of mental illness in adulthood, it is imperative that education authorities pay special attention to this issue.

Background and Aim: Gastrointestinal disease is one of the most common infectious diseases in the world. One of the most important causes is Helicobacter pylori infection. Considering the importance of this bacterium and its different prevalence in different parts of the country, this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and its related factors in 9-15 year old asymptomatic children in Birjand city. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 332 children aged 9 to 15 years old in Birjand, in 1395. Individuals who had inclusion criteria were selected by multi-stage sampling. The demographic profile including age, sex, duration of breastfeeding, number of households, and number of yoghurt consumption per week, were completed for children. Helicobacter pylori stool antigen test was used in feces to evaluate Helicobacter pylori infection. Data were analyzed using Chi-square and Fisher's exact test at a significant level of 0. 05. Results: Of the 332 children studied, 59 (17. 8%) children had Helicobacter pylori infection. Our results showed no significant relationship between sex and duration of lactation with Helicobacter pylori infection (p> 0. 05). However, with increasing age and number of family members, Helicobacter pylori infection was significantly increased (p <0. 05). By increasing the consumption of yogurt per week, Helicobacter pylori infection was significantly reduced (p = 0. 02). Conclusion: Due to the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori infection and less frequently in dairy consumers should be given the necessary training for families.

Background and Aim: Staphylococci are common pathogens of humans and livestock that able to produce a wide range of diseases. Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus are the important factors for biofilm production in patients. This study was designed to determine the ability of biofilm production and the resistance pattern of Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus aureus strains that isolated from hospital and food infectious. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 117 hospital samples. First, biochemical tests were used in order to isolate and confirm Staphylococcus epidermidis and aureus strains. To determine biofilm production, the Microtiter plate method was applied and the presence of icaA and icaD genes are were identified using PCR. Antibiotic resistance pattern of strains was evaluated by Disk diffusion method related to 7 antibiotics. Results: 12 strains of Staphylococcus epidermidis and 20 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were isolated from 117 hospital samples by biochemical tests, of these, 6 strains of the Staphylococcus epidermidis and 16 strains of the Staphylococcus aureus were the producers of biofilm. PCR results shown that icaA and icaD genes were present in 15 strains of Staphylococcus aureus and 6 strains of the Staphylococcus epidermidis. The highest antibiotic resistance in the antibiotic resistance test was related to penicillin, gentamicin, and amikacin respectively. Conclusion: Extending clinical samples of biofilm producers with multiple antibiotic resistance can be considered as a serious risk for patients and lead to increase mortality rate in hospitals.

Background and Aim: Given the ever-increasing population in the world, people's need for fruits and vegetables is increasing day by day. Fruit and vegetable are an important part of human diet. So, this study was conducted to determine the level of microbial contamination in the salads and vegetables supplied in restaurants and fast food in Birjand. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, after identifing restaurants and fast food that were the supplier of salads and vegetables in Birjand, 2015, was removed 100 samples under sterile conditions randomly from all restaurants and fast food. The samples were transferred to the laboratory in good condition. The microbial contamination was compared with the current standard according to standard laboratory procedures of Standard and Industrial Research of Iran. Results: Results showed that maximum pollution vegetables and salads were in yeast (28%) and Staphylococcus aureus (13%) and Eshershia. Coli (9% and Enterococcus infection and parasite eggs were not found in the samples. Samples were taken, 69% in accordance with the standard and 31% were not in accordance with the standard. Conclusion: According to the results, about 31% of the samples were contaminated. Shows that washing the vegetables are done, but probably do not be disinfected. Therefore, education in the field of disinfection of vegetables and salad ingredients and continuous sampling of salads and vegetables seems necessary.