SCIENTIFIC-RESEARCH IRANIAN VETERINARY JOURNAL
Year:2010 | Volume:6 | Issue:1 (26)|Papers Count:13

Mycoplasma synoviae (MS) is one of the important pathogens in chicken and turkey which causes great economic losses in poultry industry. The aim of this study was DNA sequence analysis of some Mycoplasma synoviae isolates from Mazandran province poultry flocks and compares them with MS from other countries. For this purpose, 32 samples were collected from choanal cleft, trachea and air sac of flocks with respiratory symptom and cultured in specific PPLO medium. Ten out of 32 samples were positive in culture and reacted with specific antisera. The 10 positive samples were subsequently used for molecular study. The PCR products containing 16s rRNA genome were generated with specific primers and then sequenced. Multiple alignment and phylogenie analysis of DNA sequences were performed with DNASTAR program.Phylogenie analysis of MS isolated from Mazandran province and 21 MS from the entire world revealed low homology among most of them. However some of the Mazandran isolates showed high homology with Ms isolated from Brasilia. Overall, these results revealed the different molecular structure and heterogeneity among MS isolated from Mazandran province in this study.

In this study (Winter, 2007), the changes of histamine content as chemical parameter of spoilage was monitored in the muscle tissue of whole croaker (Otolithes rubber) during ice storage for a period of 18 days (0, 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18th day). Histamine was not detected in the first and 3rd storage days. The first detection of histamine was in the 6th storage day. Initial concentration of histamine was 1.49mg/g and finally reached 14.21 mg/g. Results showed that the concentration of histamine increased linearly (P<0.05) during ice storage (Except day 15). According to the results of this research, the mean concentration of histamine (mg/g) was found less than permissible limits of international standards.

There are many indigenous cattle breeds in iran among which Najdi breed adapted in the south. This breed is recognized by light-brown color and a hump in their withers area. There was no information about hematologic profile of this breed. Therefore, this study was carried out in order to determine the hematologic profile of this breed in hot and cold seasons with respect to age and sex. In this study, hematologic factors of 200 Najdi cattle in different age and sex groups were determined by conventional laboratory methods. The levels of RBC, PCV and MCV were higher in cold season and the levels of MCR, WBC, monocytes, eosinophiles and basophiles were higher in hot months (P<0.05). The levels of RBC, Rb, PCV and lymphocyte were higher in male and eosinophiles and MCV were higher in female (P<0.05). In different age groups, there were significant differences in the levels of RBC, Rb, PCV, MCV, MCR, MCRC, WEC and eosinophiles (P<0.05).  

Study of the antibacterial effect of medical plants can be a useful method for a sustainable control of bacteria. Salmonella spp. is the most important pathogenic agent in human and animal. This experiment was conducted in the basics of Randomized Complete Design on Kirby-bauer standard method with seven treatments and three replications to investigate the impacts of six essential oils derived from six medicinal plants on five species of the aforementioned bacteria. The plants included: Peppermint (Mentha piperita), Thyme (711ymus vulgaris), Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), Black caraway (Bunium persicum), Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus) and Yarrow (Achillea millefolium). The bacteria species were taken from egg crust two standard species of Salmonella spp. (typhimurium and enteritidis) were prepared from Razi institute, Tehran-Iran. Result indicated that the effects of the essential oils on controlling salmonella were significant. The highest and the lowest impacts belonged to Thyme (halo average diameter =25.6 mm) and Eucalyptus (halo average diameter =3.4mm), respectively. It is concluded that Thyme essential oil was useful for controlling SalmoneIla compared with other essential oils.

Feline Leukemia virus (FeLV) is considered as one of the most common disease-related deaths in pet cats. It is contagious between cat populations and has been estimated that approximately 33% of all cancer deaths in cats were caused by FeLV. The present study was performed to determine the prevalence of FeLV infection in referred cats (companion) to Veterinary Hospital of Ahvaz University and stray cats in Ahvaz district. Serum samples were conected from 128 cats between 2005 and 2007. The studied cats were divided into two groups (stray and companion) and based on age into two groups (<3 years and> 3 years). The results were analyzed using Fischer's exact test and Chi square test. Prevalence of FeLV infection in these cats was estimated as 12.5% (16 of 128) using immunochromatography assay (IC). The infection had more prevalence in affected cats of group two (above 3 years) (81.25%; 13 of 16) in comparison with cats of group one (less than 3 years) that was 18.75% (3 of 16) and there were significant differences between different age groups (P<0.05), but the infection was not significant between two sexes and among stray and companion cats (p>0.05). CBC showed leukopenia, lymphopenia and neutropenia in most of the infected cats (56.25%; 9 of 16).

The ocular structures are easily detectable by ultrasonography because of plenty amount of fluid around vitreous chamber and anterior chamber. Using newer and more modern techniques are really necessary in accurately diagnosis of the abnormalities in the eye. In this study a total of ten mixed (4 male and 6 female) dogs, weighting 14.9±1.8k9g, underwent ultrasonography examination by GE Voloson 730 Pro ultrasonography machine, and three-dimensional (3D} and two-dimensional (2D) linear array transducers (5-12 MHz in 3DU and 6-12 MHz in 2DU). The size of internal structures (cornea, anterior chamber, vitrous body, lens, eye long axis, and optic disk) and external structure (optic nerve) of the eyes were measured by 2D and 3D ultrasound imaging. Computed tomography was used as a golden standard to compare with the acquired data- All the obtained measurements by these techniques were compared together by Paired samples t-test, and a significant difference was observed between sizes of the optic disk and the optic nerve in 2D ultrasonography with 3D and computed tomography (p<0.05), which could be due to the possibility of orthogonal plans across different parts of the eye in 3D and computed tomography imaging. However, there was no significant difference between right and left eyes in 2D and 3D ultrasonography.

In most areas in Iran, especially Khouzestan province, scorpion sting is a sedous problem. In Khouzestan, most of the scorpion stings are due to Buthidae family of almost 41% belong to Androctonus crassicauda. Scorpion toxin consists of different biologic active components such as different types of toxins which are encoded by individual gene. There is no genetic information about sequence of genes coding toxins of Buthidae scorpion family of Khuzestan province in national center for biotechnology information (NCBI). The aim of this study was to amplify cDNA encoding a neurotoxin from venom gland of Buthidae family scorpions. Samples were provided and identified by Razi reference scorpion laboratory of Ahvaz. Using RNXTM solution, the total RNA was extracted from the venom glands of species of Mesobuthus eupeus, Hottentotta saulcyi, Hottentotta zagrosensis and Androctonus crassicauda and concentration of RNA samples were evaluated by spectrophotometer. In order to amplify cDNA encoding a neurotoxin, the degenerate primers have been designed. Using RT-PCR technique and after optimizing PCR conditions, an approximately 241 bp cDNA fragment from A. crassicauda was amplified.

Coenurus cerebralis is the cystic stage of Taenia multiceps and it is mostly seen in central nervous system of ruminants. The purpose of this study is to determine the rate of Coenurus infection in the sheep and goats brain slaughtered in Tabriz abattoir. A total of 1257 sheep and 510 goat brains from Tabriz slaughterhouse were examined for Coenurus cerebralis cyst infection. Total coenurusis infection rates were 3.8 %( 49 of 1257) in sheep and 0.59% (3 of 5 I0) in goats. From among the 49 sheep infected with Coenurus cerebralis cyst, 56.3% (32 cases) were male and 43.7% (17 cases) were female and from among the 3 goats, 33.3% (1 case) was male and 66.7% (2 cases) were female. Coenuruses infected sheep and goat belonged to two age groups: 48.9% of infected sheep and 33.3% of infested goats were under 1.5 years old, 51.1% of sheep and 66.7% of the infected goat were over 1.5 years old. In the infected brains, 55.1% of the sheep cysts and 66.7% of the goats cysts were in the parietal lobe of cerebral right hemisphere and 30.6% of the sheep cysts and 33.3% of the goats cysts were in the parietal lobe of cerebral left hemisphere and 14.3% in sheep, 0.0% in goat was in the cerebellum. In each infected brain only one cyst was observed, and diameters of the cysts were L8-5.2cm in sheep and 4.1-5.2cm in goat. The numbers of protoscolexes in cysts were 116-264 in sheep and 237-266 in goat. These results show the sheep and goat coenuruses infection in Tabriz region and so indicate the dog taeniasis in that region.

Sarcocystiosis caused by Sarcocystis spp. is a protozoan infection with worldwide distribution in human and many species of animals. In meat inspection opposing microscopic cysts only macroscopic cysts are detectable. In the present study, the prevalence of Sarcocystis in slaughtered cattle in Tabriz abattoir by four techniques (macroscopic inspection, unstained tissue smear, stained tissue smear and pepsin digestion methods) was investigated. First, 400 cattle slaughtered in Tabriz abattoir were selected randomly in one year. Then their esophagus, thigh muscles, shoulder muscles, diaphragm and heart were inspected using nacked eye examination. In the second step, the infection was investigated on the meats of 150 carcasses by three techniques of smear with or without staining and pepsin digestion. The percentage of macroscopic cysts were 0.25%, 0%, 0.25%, 1% and 0% for each muscle of esophagus, thigh muscles, shoulder muscles, diaphragm and heart of cattle respectively. Meanwhile, the microscopic type was found in 100% of the aforementioned organs.In general, the pepsin digestion was found the most sensitive method for diagnosis of Sarcocystis in the meats of animals. Although 100% of cattle were found infected with Sarcocystis, the majority of the cysts were demonstrated microscopically. Regarding the size of S.bovihominis cyst, the cattle meat should cook sufficiently without considering the macroscopically meat inspection results.

During dissection of one stray pregnant dog were observed, two ribbon-shaped structures (Teaniae uterina) which extended from tip of uterine horns to nearly end of uterine horns. These structures were seey on the dorsal and ventral surfaces of uterine horns, respectively. To determine the hisological details, some sections of uterine horns and associated Teaniae uterina were prepared. After fixation in 10%formalin and tissue process, histological sections were prepared and stained by H&E and Verhoeff staining. The microscopic study showed that Teaniae uterina were composed of dense irregular connective tissue with dominance of collagenous fibers. Except for one report which has described Tenia uterina in water buffaloes of Khouzestan province of Iran, we could not find any other report about this structure in domestic mammals. The function of Teaniae uterina is obscure, but it may playa role in reinforcing and supporting uterine horns wall.

Avian influenza (AI) is an important disease of poultry causing high economic losses in poultry industry. The aim of this study was a survey of AI disease between 1992-2002 in poultry industry in Iran. A total number of 1050 serum samples were tested by using ELISA and HI tests. None of the 750 serum samples (55 flocks) which belonged to 1992-1997 had antibodies against H9, H5 and H7 antigens. Besides, none of 300 pooled serum samples which belonged to 1998-2002 were positive in HI for H5Nl and H7N7, whereas 21.7% of same samples were positive for both H9N2 and H5N2. Observation of apparently haemagglutination inhibition by using H5N2 antigens and serums possessing H9N2 specific antibodies suggest that these false reactions may be due to restrict hindrance phenomena. In conclusion, the results of this study indicat that during 10 years (1992-2002), there were no AI outbreaks of H5 and H7 subtypes in Iran.