IRANIAN JOURNAL OF MEDICINAL AND AROMATIC PLANTS
Year:2001 | Volume:- | Issue:8|Papers Count:10

In this research effects of ultraviolet radiation emitted by 8,20 and 40W lamps were studied on quantitative and qualitative compositional changes of the essential oils of Mentha spicata in greenhouse and field condition by using GC and GC/MS apparatus in before flowering and flowering stages of plant development.Ultraviolet radiation increased essential oil content in two developmental stage of plant. In greenhouse plants producing essential oil rich in piperitenone oxid and significant increase in 40W treatment before flowering stage.In field plants Carvone component in all treatment increased and significant increased in 20W treatment before flowering stage.Piperitenone compound in 8 and 20 treatments decreased whereas Piperitenone oxid content in this treatment increased (Probebly Piperitenone change to Piperitenone oxid. Lawrens, 1998). Effects of Ulaviolet radiations on germination and developmental in M.spicata still under investigation.

Phenology stages of some medicinal plants such as Brassica nigra Foeniculum vulgare ,Borago officinal is, Cichorium intybus, Dracocephalum moldavica, Datura stramonium, Trachuspermum copticum, Carthamus tinctorius, Nigella sativa, Malva sylvestris, Ocimum basilicum was determined with two planting dates (10 Apr 1991 as early planting and 22 Jun 1992 as late planting). This study was conducted in Qazvin Research Agriculture.The results are as follows: 1- Early planting Malva sylvestris and Borago officinal is (indeterminate growth) is recommended.2- Early planting Foeniculum vulgare and Cichorium intybus for getting maximum yield is recommended.3- Other apecies can be planted in spring or summer.

The genus of Syringa presents 25-30 species in Asia and south-east of Europe are cultivated for their showy flowers in spring and early summer. The common Lilac (Syringa vulgaris) from south-east of Europe is a very popular species with more than 500 cultivar, many of them have sweel smell. The fragrant flowerers of S. vulgaris were collected from National Botanical Garden of Iran in the spring, then extracted with hexan. After removing the plant waxes, absolute injected to GC and GC/MS. Nineteen compounds were identified constituting 86%(w/w) of the total absolute, the major components are: b -asarone (27%), b-asarone (27%), Phytol (9.5%), a-farnesene (6.8%), carvone (4.4%), P-dimethoxy benzen (3.1%), neryl acetate (2.9%).

The flowering shoot and seeds of cultivated Iranian Anethum graveolens (dill) were harvested from the Research Center of Alborz near Tehran. The essential oil, obtained by distillation method, were evaluated for their chemical composition by GC and GC/MS.Thirteen compounds were identified. The main constituent of the flowering shoot oil was a-phellandrene (56.1%), while that of seed oil was carvone (57.3%). Carvone was not found in the flowering shoot's oil and a-phellandrene represented only 1.6% of the seed's oil. The second main component was limonene, 23% in the flowering shoot's oil and 33.2% in the seed's oil.

By regard to sources, aware and informed persons and visible observations were determined 292 Medicinal species and were noted some of information as:Persian, Local, Scientific and Family name, Flowering time, Distribution, Habitate, Altitude, Campanion plants, average annual rainfall and temperature, part used, reason and method of uses for all of plants. This Medicinal Plants belonged to 218 Genus and 77 Families, and they distributed in wide Plains, hills and slops (158 species), Mountain regions (103 species), Floodways, springs streams and wetty regions (26 species), salty and comparatively salty regions (16 species), Coastal sandy hills (16 species).As among of these, 209 species are native and 172 species have traditional cure uses.

Diplotaenia damavandica is an endemic plant and it is considered as an important pasture’s plant. The volatile Constituents of aerial parts of Diplotaenia damavandica (umbelliferae) Collected from Iran (Lavasanat-Tehran), was investigated by GC/MS. Nineteen Components identified in this oil. The main Components were aphellandrene (24.0%), Cis-b-Ocimene (23.1%) terpinolene (19.6%) and b -phellandrene (11.3%) amounted to 78% of the, total oil.

With respect to the influence of extraction method on the oil yield and essential oil composition, we examined three common methods of extraction (i.e. water and steam distillation, hydrodistillation and steam distillation) on the oil yield and essential oil composition of Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn from Iran. The oils were produced at the yields of 0.22, 0.60 and 0.60% (based on fresh weights), respectively. The essential oils were then analysed by GC and GC/MS. Twenty-two compounds were identified which among them 1,8-cineole (63.7,48.8,35.6%), pcymene ( 15.2,16.3,21.3%), spathulenol (3.9, 3.7, 6.7%) and g-terpinene (5.1,2.3,2.5%) were the major constituents, respectively.

Fruit of Carum carvi L. was collected from Ardebil province (Aparchai region) in August 1997. The essential oil of crashed fruit was obtained by water distillation method for 4 hours (R=5.5% w/w).The oil was analysed by GC/MS. Result of it showed 11 components above 0.2% concentration in essential oil. Among the 11 components identified, the major components were carvone with 73.8% and Limonene wit4 23.8% representing 98% of total components. Comparing of present work with ISO standard showed that the quality of tested oil is noticeable.

Elecampane (Inula helenium L. Compositae) is a perennial plant found in damp medows and shaded areas of central Europe. It is most commonlyfound in the wild state in Iran. In this research, plan are collected from Hamedan city on west of Iran. Essential oil was extracted from flower by  two methods (Steam distillation and Hydrodistillation) and root by Hydrodistillation method.The percentage of oil from flower 0.07% and root 0.06% are calculated, and analysed by GC and GC/MS. The main components for flower by steam distillation Oplopenone (19.1%), a-Cadinol (5.5%), T-Cadinol (4.9%), d-Cadinene (4.5%), and Curdione (4.2%) and by Hydrodistillation Globulol (7.2%), Cadalene (7.0%), d-Cadinene (6.7%), Torreyol (6.1%) and Oplepenone (5.1%). The main components for root by hrdrodistillation are Alantolactone (24.9%), Spathulenol (10.8%), (E-E)-Farnesol (8.1%) and Ledol (7.4%).