CULTURAL STUDIES & COMMUNICATION
Year:2019 | Volume:14 | Issue:53 |Papers Count:13

New Historicism is one of the most influential methodologies of textual analysis which was theorised in the essays and books of Stephen Greenblatt and Louis Montrose in the late 1980s. Although this approach took its roots in the field of literary criticism, its impact has subsequently been expanded to cultural studies and is today considered, along with other approaches such as critical discourse analysis, to be among the most common methodologies of textual analysis. Nietzsche’ s anti-positivist epistemology and also Foucault’ s theory of discourse have had a considerable impact on the formation of New Historicism’ s theoretical foundations. Consequently, New Historicists believe it is impossible to gain an objective or authentic knowledge of history. They also regard “ historical truth” as a discursive construct and, as such, subject to change. They, therefore, reject the notion of “ spirit of the age” as a reductive and misleading concept for understanding the multiple discourses operating in any specific period of history. This essay begins with an overview of the theoretical concepts of New Historicism and goes on to offer a reading of the Savushun, a novel by the modern Iranian author Simin Daneshvar, from the perspective of this critical approach in order to analyse the variety of discourses in the period of Iran’ s occupation by the Allied armies during World War II. Focusing on the Samirom uprising in the same period, this essay intends to analyse the literary representation of this historical event in the novel. Applying the American anthropologist Clifford Geertz’ s method of “ thick description” and drawing on a variety of sources such as the archives of the Organisation of National Historical Documents, newspaper reports, diaries of Reza Shah, memoirs of Lieutenant General Amirahmadi, as well as articles and books written by historians and scholars of contemporary Iranian history, the essay attempts to offer a picture of discursive conflicts during the time of Samirom uprising. In doing so, the above-mentioned non-literary texts are read along the text of Savushun and compared with the novel by way of discourse analysis. The results of the analysis indicate how the silent voices of history are allowed to be heard and represented as minor or counter-discourses offering their own interpretations of historical events to the reader. The New Historicist analysis of Samirom uprising’ s representation in Savushun shows how the central government in Iran created epistemes such as “ nationality” , “ civility” , “ insurgence” , “ banditry” and the like, by setting up a binary opposition between nomads’ culture and life style on the one hand and the country’ s development on the other, in order to pave the way for the suppression of the nomads.

In Iranian culture, reconciliation have negative connotations and hence any compromising voice and effort receive some kind of betrayal label. The fact is that our society is not currently in a state of reconciliation, and the misunderstanding of this concept deprives the society of any compromise. It should be noted that political reconciliation as a political act does not mean passivity and submission. Since political reconciliation does not deny political identities, different political parties and streams, while maintaining their principles and values, can reach an understanding with an emphasis on political reconciliation. Regarding the relationship between political reconciliation with dominant discourses in the Islamic Republic of Iran, this article first studies the formation of the most important discourses and how they have become hegemonic, and in the next stage, the relationship of political reconciliation with each of these discourses have been assessed. The main question of this article is: Is there a possibility of compromise between political discourses in the Islamic Republic of Iran in the present circumstances? Regarding this question, the main hypothesis of the research is based on the fact that: although the hegemony of discourses through the process of antagonism makes it impossible to reconcile political discourses, however, discourses can reach a relative reconciliation through the Agonism approach. In Agonism, we are not dealing with “ friend-hostile” relationship, but we see a competitive relationship which recognizes the legitimacy of the opposition. In search of a theory that can provide an appropriate analysis method for this article, discourse-oriented theories, in particular the readings by Ernst Loclau and Chantal Mouffe from discourse analysis, have been selected.

Effective Public Relations Departments in Organizations are working in international level. Given the changes that have occurred and bolding the element of communication, media diplomacy has become very important during these days. This PhD dissertation tries to design media diplomacy model for effective use of media for the desirable presence of organizations in international arenas. This study was conducted with qualitative method and grounded theory approach. The participants of this research were 25 individuals who have knowledge in media, public relations, communication. The data needed for the study was collected through a deep and semi-structured interview with participants. Obtained data were analyzed on the basis of “ Corbin and Strauss version (2008)” . Manual method and the Software of MAXQDA 10 were used for data analysis. With analyzing data, about 940 primary codes (open coding) were extracted without calculating their overlapping. Then, these codes were compared on the basis of the similarities and differences and 26 subcategories (including concepts and contexts) were obtained. 11 sub-sub categories were appeared and four main categories for concept and a main category for context were come out. Core variable was “ systemic management" in media diplomacy and four main categories for concept were “ process” , ” facilitating factors” , “ hindering factors” and “ achievement” and one main category for context was” context for realizing media diplomacy” . Equipping public relations with media diplomacy can notify the existence of an organization in the international arena. Organizations want to have an impact in global changes and to have a share in global market.

The present research has been carried out in order to design and compile a functional model of mass media and the case study of the Voice of Islamic Republic of Iran with an emphasis on the development of social capital. The research strategy is based on qualitative-quantitative mixed strategy, in which the grounded theory method has been used in the qualitative phase, and in the quantitative phase Delphi method has been used in order to validate the findings of the qualitative section, and to gain the consensus the elites. The field data were collected in three stages, the deep and semi-structured interviews, and the two half-opened and closed-response questionnaires, then they were analyzed with Grounded Theories strategies and descriptive statistics. The final model of research was presented at the end of the third stage, when the elite consensus was achieved. The findings of the research indicate that, the Voice of the Islamic Republic of Iran has four main functions for the development of social capital which contains; preparing the causal conditions, the use of intermediaries, the development of the field conditions, and the compilation of the active and extra active strategies.

Family and class representation based on the consumption pattern: The narrative of the pre-revolutionary period in “ kimiya” series Family is appropriate Institution to recognize social values. It shows preferable behaviors in a Special period. According to this view, this article study life style in first season of “ kimiya” series to determine Class structure Representation. For this purpose, emphasis on Consumption pattern including daily & cultural consumption. Research method is Semiotics approach Composed of Cowdery-Selby, Barthes & Fiske. This method can analyze Images & story of serial and offer Strong results. The Results from this research show families in middle class as a Symbol of tradition and religion have important role in Islamic revolution but The upper class as a symbol of Wealth and power were in front of people. The Results from this research show families in middle class as a Symbol of tradition and religion have important role in Islamic revolution but The upper class as a symbol of Wealth and power were in front of people.

Although the West is the cradle of film festival, now in favor of the West hegemony, film festival is a global phenomenon. Many film and television festivals held in Iran too. This article considers the Festivals through cultural policy lens. Our approach to cultural policy is micro and pay attention to ‘ event policy’ . It means this article focus on the form of television festivals Most of film festivals around the world imitate western festivals in form, although the context influences the form obviously too. Through a qualitative content analysis, this article compares Jam-e Jam Festival, as the most important television festival in Iran, with Golden Globes Awards. The results show as the Golden Globes reflects the commercial structure of the US film and television industry, Jam-e Jam is the reflection of the monopolistic television industry in Iran. While Golden Globes represents celebrities, Jam e Jam pays attention to political officials mostly.

Modernization, in its totality, was as harmful and contradictory as the historical experience. In the meantime, the experience of war as one of the damage is a representation of the experience of modernity for non-Western societies. In this context, the cinema is about to represent this experience. The purpose of the present study is to understand the way in which the experience of war is represented by the Walter Benjamin conceptual system in the Kurdish cinema. In Benjamin's view, though, the war can lead to poor experience, but on the other hand, the political cinema provides the ability to bring another experience to inexperienced people. In such a theoretical context, the films "Ants Apartment, Four Pieces for Kirkuk, 74" were read on the basis of the semiotic method, each of which based on a script-based dialectic, attempted to portray a war experience as a poor experience. The presence of documentary codes based on the absence of stories in films presents the experience of a crisis. But on the other hand, documentary film gives the political space. Finally, it can be said that the perspective of the oppressed cinema paves the way for the pro-romatisation of films to illustrate another aspect of multidimensional history.

Media Literacy Education (MLE) is increasing in Iran, Formally and informally. so it is needed to know true educational text, scientifically. This article studies constructive models of media education by child-centered approach which concentrates on children’ s media interaction and their ability to use media content according to their wants and needs. By using Secondary research as a method of the study, this paper indicates true method and content for Media Literacy Education. It finds that educational method must change from one-way method to multi-way one and from monologue to dialogue. Also, educational content should be learned in two dimensions: first, in theoretical level to learn theoretical framework of media studies and semiotics method in simple words, because to understand media content. Second, at practical level, it is needed to learn skills of media production, critical skills and sending feedback because to be an active actor in media environment. Three main criteria to select true content are learning representation, self-efficacy, and self-reflection.

The present article is about the conditions for the spread of mobile social media, among the most sensitive ethnicities in Iran. The purpose is to identify and analyze the relationship between the use of mobile social media and the ethnic identity of Turk and Kurds in a continuous process. To this end, this issue is being examined by social media and ethnic identities professionals. The research strategy is inductive and the qualitative method of deep interviewing. The data analysis method is also based on the grounded theory. Based on the results, mobile social media users choose ethnic identity strategies action based solely on their previous identity. Mobile social media for Kurdish and Turkish users has made it possible to reproduce and strengthen their tendencies. In this way, they highlight their identity concerns and, according to their identity background, classified into three types of identity seeker agency, identity opponent agency, and extreme-identity seeker agency and use social media., These activities also have individual and collective identity implications and help develop their ethnic and trans-ethnical identities.

This paper aims to survey the current status of process information seeking behavior base on Information technology in Seminary. The method of this study is a survey with analytical approach. Data collection tools in this study was questionnaire and in order to assess validity (content), the views of Knowledge and Information Sciences expert’ s assessment was used; and the questionnaire reliability was obtained by Cronbach alpha. Sampling is purposeful; the research population involves Female students in Seminary of Fars and Bushehr provinces. Descriptive and analytical statistical methods such as Spearman's correlation coefficient, Kruskal-Wallis and Friedman tests were utilized. The collected data analyzed with SPSS for Windows. The results showed that library, printing books, contribution in the classrooms or attending the workshops, is so important for research population. The Findings showed library (3. 66), printing books (4. 48), contribution in the classrooms or attending the workshops (2. 18), conducting the researches (2. 05), selected by research population for accessing and using information resources, crisis situation and research skills.

For a long time and in different societies, the owners of various identities have used a variety of ways to represent these identities in their lives. By thinking in different cultures, it is possible to preserve, maintain and transfer them in various ways. In the meantime, museums are meaningful places to present cultural identity that act symbolically. Various cultures, influenced by a kind of monochrome maker globalization, have been fallen in a vibrant roam to differentiate between themselves and others. Therefore, and given the importance of the category of culture in Iranian society, this research seeks to address this issue within the framework of the history and literature in the field of anthropology, and specifically the field of anthropology of the museum. Therefore, the present article inspired some concepts of phenomenological approach and by adopting the method of ethnography, is an attempt to understand the role of museums in the relationship between ethnic and national (trans-ethnic) identity with regard to the meaning of the experiences of visitors of museums in the cities of Zabol and Zahedan. The findings are presented in the form of five major themes and a central core. The five main themes are: the acquisition of historical knowledge and knowledge, the strengthening of the ethnic-national attachment, and the strengthening of ethnic-national dignity, the strengthening of self-awareness and ethnic-national self-esteem and ethnic-national aesthetics. The central core to which the entire narrative implies also refers to the production, reproduction and representation of the ethnic-national identity in the museum.

This article will take a look at the historical-analytical review of the content of the newspaper Kayhan and Etelaat and their role in the national oil industry flow fitted. The press is one of the most important communication medium for contemporary fitted one on Iran, a trend that the high power to shape public opinion, yet fitted. During Iran's national oil industry, press-fitted as a rival organization operates without media-and public opinion have fitted shape. The parties each hand to publish a weekly newspaper set up news or fitted to suit your party intellectual framework. What this research investigated how the release of the national oil industry-related news on behalf of publications, because no party intellectual framework and to freely hand fitted to the news release. So we fitted with little content analysis of news content and information about two keyhan newspaper reviews. The research findings showed that the newspaper Kayhan newspaper, information in the four weeks before and after the Iranian national oil industry, the positive news release more fitted